Aerosol Sampling Science, Standards,

This book provides a comprehensive account of the important field of aerosol sampling as it is applied to the measurement of aerosols that are ubiquitous in occupational and living environments, both indoor and outdoor. It is written in four parts: Part A contains 9 chapters that describe the current knowledge of the physical science that underpins the process of aerosol sampling. Part B contains 4 chapters, which present the basis of standards for aerosols, including the link with human exposure by inhalation. Part C contains 7 chapters that cover the development of practical aerosol sampling instrumentation, and how technical designs and methods have evolved over the years in order that aerosol sampling may be carried out in a manner matching the health-related and other criteria that have been proposed as parts of standards. Finally Part D contains 6 chapters that describe how a wide range of aerosol sampling instruments have performed when they have been applied in the field in both occupational and ambient atmospheric environments, including how different instruments, nominally intended to measure the same aerosol fraction, compare when used side-by-side in the real world. The book draws together all that is known about aerosol sampling, for the benefit of researchers and practitioners in occupational and environmental health and all other fields of science and engineering where aerosols are of interest.

Professor Vincent, Professor Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan

Professor Vincent holds a Ph.D. and a D.Sc. from the University of Durham, UK, the latter awarded in 1991 in consideration of "...work of high distinction constituting a substantial and original contribution to science." He is widely experienced in the occupational and environmental health sciences. He has worked in industry, in non-academic research institutions, and in three universities (Strathclyde University, University of Minnesota and the University of Michigan). His work over the past 30 years has included studies in aerosol science and fluid mechanics and their application to the atmospheric transport of pollutants, emission control from large-scale industrial processes, exposure assessment and control of airborne pollutants in environmental and occupational settings, aerosol sampling and measurement, inhalation toxicology and pharmacokinetics, occupational exposure standards setting, and international occupational health policy. In these areas he has published over 200 works. He is a past-president of the British Occupational Hygiene Society, was until recently chair of the Air Sampling Procedures Committee of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Aerosol Science from 1988 to 1999 (where he is now an honorary (lifetime) member of the Editorial Board.

Scientific Framework For Aerosol Sampling
Introduction
Aerosols
Particle size
Elementary particle size statistics
Aerosol measurement
Sampler performance characteristics
References
Fluid and aerosol mechanical background
Fluid mechanical background
Aerosol mechanics
Experimental methods in aerosol sampler studies
Introduction
Methodology for assessing sampler performance
Scaling relationships for aerosol samplers
Test facilities
Test aerosol generation
Reference methods
Assessment of collected aerosol
Aerosol sampler test protocols and procedures
The nature of air flow near aerosol samplers
Introduction
Line and point sink samplers
Thin-walled slot and tube entries
Thick-walled tubes
Simple blunt samplers facing the wind
Blunt samplers with orientations other than facing the wind
More complex sampling systems
Effects of freestream turbulence
Aspiration in moving air
Introduction
Thin-walled tube samplers
Blunt samplers
Aspiration in calm and slowly-moving air
Introduction
Sampling in perfectly calm air
Slowly moving air
Interferences to aerosol aspiration
Introduction
Interferences during aspiration
Interferences after aspiration
Mechanisms for aerosol particle size selection after aspiration
Introduction
Elutriation
Filtration by porous foam media
Centrifugation
Impaction
Diffusion
Other particle size-selective mechanisms
Standards for Aerosols
Framework for aerosol sampling in working and ambient environments
Introduction
Exposure to aerosols
Framework for health-related aerosol sampling. Non-health-related aerosol standards
References
Particle size-selective criteria for coarse aerosol fractions
Introduction
Experimental studies of inhalability
Particle size-selective criteria for the inhalable fraction
Overview
Particle size-selective criteria for fine aerosol fractions
Introduction
Studies of regional deposition of inhaled aerosols
Criteria for particle size-selective sampling for fine aerosol fractions
Overview
Limit values
Introduction
Aerosol-related health effects
The processes of standards setting
Occupational exposure limits (OELs)
Ambient atmospheric aerosol limits
Special cases
Aerosol Sampling Instrumentation and Applications
Historical milestones in practical aerosol sampling
Introduction
Occupational aerosol sampling
Ambient atmospheric aerosol sampling
Sampling for coarse aerosol in workplaces
Introduction
Static (or area) samplers for coarse aerosol fractions
Personal samplers for coarse aerosol fractions
Analysis of performance data for inhalable aerosol samplers
Passive aerosol samplers
Sampling for fine aerosol fractions in workplaces
Introduction
Samplers for the respirable fraction
Samplers for the thoracic fraction
Samplers for PM 2.5
Thoracic particle size selection for fibrous aerosols
Sampling for very fine aerosols
Simultaneous sampling for more than one aerosol fraction
Sampling probes for stack sampling
Introduction
Basic considerations
Stack sampling methods
Sampling probes for stack sampling
Sampling fo
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Aerosol Sampling Science, Standards, Instrumentation and Applications

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