The African And Middle Eastern World, 600-1500

The history of the African and Middle Eastern world is, to some extent, the story of a religion. First proclaimed by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century, Islam claimed millions of followers. Through trade, conquest, and diplomacy, Muslim rule spread quickly from the Arabian Peninsula to Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe. But not everyone in this world practiced Islam. Muslim rulers respected Jewish and Christian traditions. And despite their empire's long reach, the caliphs' power never extended over most Africans, such as the Bini of the West African forest or the Shona of Southern Africa, who lived by local custom and beliefs.

Randall L. Pouwels is a Professor of History at the University of Central Arkansas. His books include World Civilizations Volume I and II and History of Islam in Africa.