African Natural Plant Products, Volume III Discoveries and Innovations in Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Applications

New discoveries and applications of African plant products

African Natural Plant Products (Volume III) provides a transdisciplinary approach to connect basic ethnobotanical studies to research that identifies bioactive molecules responsible for the plants' medicinal and nutritional applications. Section I highlights traditional plant-based medicines from sub-Sahara Africa, section II highlights the natural products' chemical and biological applications, and section III addresses innovative discoveries, analytical techniques, quality control, adulteration, and health claims. The book includes both original research and reviews on ethnobotany, chemistry, biology, and plant products as applies to new applications in foods, health, and nutrition and medicine for those exciting yet under-recognized plants.

Rodolfo Juliani (Ph.D. in Plant Biology, National University of Cordoba, Argentina) is Assistant Research Professor in the Department of Plant Biology at Rutgers University. He is a former Fulbright scholar, and a recipient of many awards, including the Outstanding Researcher Award provided by the Association for the Advancement of IndustrialCrops. His research is centered on the biology and chemical diversity of plants, including volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites, and the safety and effectiveness of natural plant-based products for human well-being (food, nutrition, health, cosmetics, and industrial uses) and environmental sustainability. He has contributed to developing the natural plant product industry for income generation and contributed to expanding research infrastructure and human capacity of non-profit, research, and higher education institutions in Africa and other parts of the world. Dr. Juliani has published more than 100 research papers, books, book chapters, and book reviews.

James E. Simon (Ph.D., University of Massachusetts) is a Distinguished Professor of Plant Biology in the Department of Plant Biology at Rutgers University. Simon was a Professor at Purdue University for 17 years and in 2000 relocated his program to Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, where he is the Director of the New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program and the Director of the Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health. His research focuses on plant genetics, genetic diversity, natural product discovery and characterization, botanical authentication, quality control, and metabolomics. His current research interests focus on new sources of flavonoids, anthocyanins, spices, and new compounds as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial compounds, neuroprotective agents, and animal and insect pest repellents to improve human health and nutrition. Dr. Simon has published over 350 papers, books, and book chapters and has been the recipient of many academic, national, and international awards.

Chi-Tang Ho (Ph.D., Washington University) is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Food Science at Rutgers University. Dr. Ho has published over 960 refereed journal articles and 228 book chapters and edited over 39 professional monographs. He is an elected Fellow of the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, Institute of Food Technologists, and the International Academy of Food Science & Technology. He has won numerous reputable awards including the American Chemical Society Award for the Advancement of Application of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, the Stephen S. Chang Award in Flavor and Lipid Science from the Institute of Food Technology, and the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) Excellence in Flavor Science Award. His current research interests focus on flavor chemistry, including the identification of aroma-active compounds in foods and the mechanism of flavor compound formation in process flavor; and anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects of functional food bioactive compounds.

Preface

Traditional Medicines from Africa
Chapter 1: Traditional Botanical Uses of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Seven Counties in Liberia, Larry C. Hwang, H. Rodolfo Juliani, Ramu Govindasamy, and James E. Simon
Chapter 2: Namibian Plants Used in the Treatment of Malaria and Associated Symptoms, Iwanette du Preez, Whitney Shingenge, and Davis Ropafadzo Mumbengegwi
Chapter 3: Phytochemical Profiles and Antidiarrheal Properties of Medicinal Plants of Northern Namibia, Albertina MN Shatri and Davis R Mumbengegwi
Chapter 4: The Munkoyo Root: Traditional Uses, Biochemistry, Fermentation, and Potential Cultivation, Himoonga Bernard Moonga, Sydney Phiri, Sijmen E. Schoustra, Justin Chileshe, Taonga Chirwa-Moonga, and John Shindano

Pharmacognosy and Confirmation of Traditional Foods and Medicines
Chapter 5: African Nightshades: Recent Advances on the Phytochemistry, Nutrition, and Toxicity, Bo Yuan, Weiting Lyu, Fekadu Dinssa, Daniel Hoffman, James E. Simon, and Qingli Wu
Chapter 6: Biological Activities and Chemistry of Secondary Metabolites of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Adolfina R. Koroch and H. Rodolfo Juliani
Chapter 7: Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Effects of Guibourtia coleosperma against Plasmodium Parasites In Vitro, Iwanette du Preez, Stefan Louw, and Davis Ropafadzo Mumbengegwi
Chapter 8: Antiplasmodial Activity of the Extracts and Flavonoids Isolated from Helichrysum gymnocephalumHumbert (Asteraceae) from Madagascar, Rianatiana H. Ranaivoarisoa, Sylvia T. Rasoarivelo Ralambonirina, Faliarivony Randriamialinoro, Rivoarison Randrianasolo, Michel Ratsimbason, and Lalasoa R.
Ranarivelo
Chapter 9: Anti-Infective Plants Used for Lactation and Postpartum Recovery: Exploration of a Sub-Saharan-North African Dichotomy, Lorraine S. Cordeiro, Timothy Johns, Jerusha Nelson-Peterman, and Lindiwe Sibeko
Chapter 10: Ethnobotany, Chemistry, and Pharmacology of AfricanNepeta Species, Erik Nunes Gomes, Kirsten A. Allen, Martin Zorde, Qingli Wu, and James E. Simon

Chemistry and Quality of African Natural Plant Products
Chapter 11: 5-HTP (5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan) Content and Antioxidant Capacities of Wild Griffonia simplicifolia Seed Populations from Ghana and Liberia, Daniel J. Giurleo, H. Rodolfo Juliani, Larry S. Amakuse, Julie Asante Dartey, Qingli Wu, and James E. Simon
Chapter 12: Flavone C-Glycosides and Total Antioxidant Capacities in Leaves of Eight Wild Griffonia simplicifolia Populations, Daniel J. Giurleo, H. Rodolfo Juliani, Larry S. Amekuse, Julie Asante Dartey, James E. Simon, and Qingli Wu
Chapter 13: An Improved Analytical Method for Dhurrin Analysis in Sorghum bicolor, Kelsey Gustafson, Ed Dager, James E. Simon, and Qingli Wu
Chapter 14: Essential Oil Composition of Aerial Parts of Tetradenia nervosa Codd and Tetradenia cordata Phillipson, Endemics to Madagascar, Faliarivony Randriamialinoro, Sylvia Tiana Rasoarivelo Ralambonirina, Michel Ratsimbason, Elisabeth Seguin, Philippe Verite, and Lalasoa Ranarivelo
Chapter 15: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Tetradenia nervosa Codd from Madagascar, Collected at Different Stages of Vegetative Growth and Age, Lalasoa R. Ranarivelo, Faliarivony Randriamialinoro, Stephan Rakotonandrasana, Michel Ratsimbason, Philippe
Verite, Marylin Lecso-Bornet, and Sylvia T. R. Ralambonirina
Chapter 16: Novel Skeleton Flavan-Alkaloids from African Herb Tea Kink?liba: Isolation, Characterization, Semisynthesis, and Bioactivities, Jing Zhen, CaraWelch, Yue Guo, Emmanuel Bassene, Ilya Raskin, James E. Simon, and Qingli Wu
Chapter 17: The Rise and Fall ofHoodia: A Lesson on the Art and Science of Natural Product Commercialization, Thomas Brendler

Editors' Biographies
Author Index
Subject Index