African Studies in Geography from Below / Etudes Africaines De Geographie Par Le Bas

The doctrine of international relations (inter-state, indeed), territorial ideologies, the logic of autochthony and its ramifications, ethnic cleansing, are all hinged at different levels upon the same pseudo-fact: to every society a closed and exclusive territory demarcated by fixed and linear borders. This way of thinking, totally foreign to African societies for a long time, has generated today more contradictions than it can ever solve. The authors of this book make a clear distinction between territory formation "from the top" as being a deliberate political project, and its formation "from below" as being a more diffused historical process which is determined by the scheme of antagonisms and compromises between social forces. In lieu of a stark opposition between "the top" and "below", the authors unveil the interdependence and mutual influence which form the basis of a dual system within which legal formation -by the colonial authorities first, then by the postcolonial one- is confronted with a host of subaltern spatial dynamics, neglecting thereby the legitimacy which only them can provide. As an essential read for anyone who is interested in the relationship between knowledge and power, this book offers stimulating perspectives on the issue of African unity and its epistemological and political challenges. It renews profoundly our approaches to human security, citizenship, borders and mobility.

Michel Ben Arrous est architecte, diplome de l'Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne, urbaniste et geographe independant. Ses recherches portent sur l'histoire et la philosophie des idees et des prejuges geographiques, et sur leurs rapports avec la violence ou la legitimite politique. Ancien journaliste en Afrique australe et au Senegal, parmi ses publications principales, il faut noter: Medias et conflits en Afrique (Karthala 2002) et Coalition, Dispersion. Un moment democratique en Afrique de l'Ouest «francophone», 1988-1996 (CODESRIA 2003).
Lazare Ki-Zerbo est philosophe, membre du Centre d'etudes pour le developpement africain (CEDA, Ouagadougou), et cofondateur du Mouvement des intellectuels au Burkina Faso. II est fonctionnaire international dans une institution d'appui a la democratie et aux droits de l'homme. II est l'auteur de plusieurs publications scientifiques. Ses principaux themes de recherche sont la phenomenologie, le panafricanisme et les relations internationales.