Africa's Development in the 21st Century :

As Africa enters the 21st century, it faces mounting challenges as well as new opportunities. Unlike in the 1980s and the 1990s, however, the conditions for Africa's sustained growth and development are more favorable today than ever before. As a result of economic reforms the overall growth has been in excess of 4.5 percent annually since the mid-1990s. There is greater consensus among Africans now than at any previous time on what needs to be done to accelerate growth, reduce poverty and promote sustainable development. The positive response of Africa's international partners enhances the prospects for sustaining the progress. Africa is also benefiting from a commodity boom and increased investment in infrastructure and the extractive industry sector. But many questions remain unanswered. The most pressing question is how Africa can best benefit from the rise of the Asian giants, China and India.

Fantu Cheru, Professor (Emeriti) of African and Development Studies, and Research Director at the Nordic African Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.

Introduction	p. 5
The strategic challenge: Overcoming embedded dysfunction	p. 6
Rural poverty, food insecurity an the struggle for resources	p. 9
The changing role of agriculture	p. 9
What are the constraints to agricultural productivity in Africa	p. 10
Transforming African agriculture: The way forward	p. 13
The urban challenge in Africa	p. 15
Introduction	p. 15
Key Dimensions of the Urban Crisis in Africa	p. 15
Conclusion	p. 21
Conflict prevention and post-conflict transformation	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Understanding the roots of African conflicts	p. 24
International response to African conflict after 1989	p. 25
After the Rwandan genocide: The international community and post-conflict reconstruction	p. 26
The role of the African Union in conflict prevention	p. 27
Conclusion	p. 28
Africa and the World Trading System: The challenge of `rebalancingÆ the `unbalanced rulesÆ	p. 29
Africa and the World Trading System:	p. 29
Life at the end of the road: Doha is dead!	p. 31
Africa and The European Union: From the Lome Convention to the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 35
Roadmaps to Africa's Renewal: Global and local dimensions	p. 36
A roadmap for Africa's development	p. 37
Bibliography	p. 40
List of Tables
The scale and nature of rural poverty in Africa	p. 10
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Africa's Development in the 21st Century : Reshaping the Research Agenda

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