Agency, Partnership, and the Llc: The Law of Unincorporated Business Enterprises

, by Hynes, J. Dennis; Loewenstein, Mark J.

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ISBN: 9780820557496 | 0820557498
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2003

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Supplemental Materials

Preface

Acknowledgements

vii

Summary Table of Contents

Glossary

xxvii

Introduction The Law of Unincorporated Business Enterprises

(1)

The Corporation

(2)

The Different Forms of Unincorporated Businesses

(6)

The Sole Proprietorship

(1)

The Business Trust

(1)

The Partnership

(1)

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

(1)

The Limited Partnership

(1)

The Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)

(1)

The Limited Liability Company (LLC)

(1)

The Agency Relationship; The Ambiguous Principal Problem; Subagency

(26)

The Agency Relationship

(7)

Carrier v. McLlarky

(1)

Notes

(6)

Agency or Sale

(2)

Hunter Mining Laboratories, Inc. v. Management Assistance, Inc.

(2)

Notes

(1)

Agency and the Law of Trusts

(3)

Notes

(1)

Agent or Escrow Holder

(2)

Notes

(1)

Dual Agency; The Ambiguous Principal

(5)

The Dual Agency Rule

(1)

Notes

(1)

The Ambiguous Principal Problem

(1)

Norby v. Bankers Life Co

(2)

Notes

(1)

Subagency

(2)

Notes

(1)

The History of Agency, and Other Matters

(1)

Problems

(3)

Rights and Duties Between Principal and Agent

(26)

Duties of Principal to Agent

(6)

Duty of Exoneration and Indemnification

(1)

Admiral Oriental Line v. United States

(1)

Notes

(2)

Duty to Pay Compensation

(1)

Notes

(1)

Duty of Care

(1)

Worker's Compensation Legislation

(1)

Duty to Deal Fairly and in Good Faith

(1)

Duties of Agent to Principal

(16)

Duty of Good Conduct and to Obey

(1)

Duty to Indemnify Principal for Loss Caused by Misconduct

(1)

Duty to Account

(1)

The Fiduciary Duties of Agents

(1)

Commencement of Fiduciary Relationship

(1)

Duty of Care

(1)

Notes

(1)

Duty of Disclosure

(1)

Notes

(1)

Duty of Loyalty

(1)

Loyalty during the relationship

(1)

Gelfand v. Horizon Corp.

(3)

Notes

(3)

Post-termination competition

(1)

Notes

(2)

Notes

(1)

Problems

(3)

Vicarious Tort Liability

(56)

The Master-Servant Relationship

(44)

The Concept

(1)

Jones v. Hart

(1)

Notes

(2)

Is an Employment Relationship Necessary to Respondeat Superior Liability?

(1)

Heims v. Hanke

(1)

Notes

(1)

Rationale for Respondeat Superior

(1)

Arguments questioning the theory

(1)

Arguments in favor of, or explanations for, the theory

(1)

Imputed Contributory Negligence

(1)

Limitation to Losses Caused by Tortious Behavior

(1)

Direct Tort Liability of an Employer

(1)

The Independent Contractor Exception

(1)

The Concept

(1)

Notes

(2)

Limitations to the Independent Contractor Exception

(1)

Hixon v. Sherwin-Williams Co.

(2)

Notes

(4)

Borrowed Servants

(1)

Charles v. Barrett

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Scope of Employment Limitation

(1)

Negligent Acts

(1)

Joel v. Morison

(1)

Notes

(1)

Re-entry

(1)

Disobedience of instructions

(1)

Conduct of a personal nature

(1)

Intentional Torts

(1)

Bremen State Bank v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co.

(1)

Note

(1)

Judith M. v. Sisters of Charity Hospital

(1)

Note

(1)

The assault on Restatement (Second) of Agency § 228(1)(c)

(1)

Lisa M. v. Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital

(2)

Notes

(3)

Restatement (Second) of Agency § 219(2)(d)

(1)

Costos v. Coconut Island Corp

(3)

Note

100

(1)

Nichols, II v. Land Transport Corp.

101

(2)

The implied contract theory

103

(1)

Note

104

(1)

Punitive damages

104

(1)

Non-physical torts

105

(1)

The Unincorporated Nonprofit Association Relationship

105

(8)

Liability of the Members

106

(1)

Liability of the Association to Its Members

106

(1)

Hanson v. Saint Luke's United Methodist Church

107

(6)

Vicarious Liability by Estoppel

113

(1)

Problems

113

(4)

Contractual Powers of Agents

117

(34)

Authority

117

(8)

Express Authority

117

(1)

King v. Bankerd

117

(4)

Notes

121

(2)

Implied Authority

123

(1)

Delegation of Authority

123

(1)

Incidental Authority

123

(1)

Authority in the Restatement

124

(1)

Apparent Authority

125

(11)

Smith v. Hansen, Hansen & Johnson, Inc

125

(3)

Notes

128

(3)

Sauber v. Northland Insurance Co.

131

(2)

Notes

133

(3)

Estoppel

136

(5)

Hoddeson v. Koos Bros

136

(2)

Notes

138

(3)

The Inherent Agency Power Concept

141

(6)

The Concept

141

(1)

The Rationale for the Concept

141

(1)

Croisant v. Watrud

142

(4)

Notes

146

(1)

Problems

147

(4)

Fraudulent Acts of Agents

151

(20)

The Unscrupulous Agent

151

(6)

Entente Mineral Co. v. Parker

151

(4)

Notes

155

(2)

Limits to Liability for Fraud

157

(4)

Notes

158

(3)

The Exculpatory Clause

161

(7)

Eamoe v. Big Bear Land & Water Co.

161

(2)

Dembowski v. Central Construction Co.

163

(2)

King v. Horizon Corp

165

(3)

Problems

168

(3)

The Undisclosed Principal

171

(24)

Rights of the Undisclosed Principal

171

(8)

Assertion of Rights by the Undisclosed Principal

172

(1)

Parol Evidence Rule

173

(1)

Exceptions

174

(1)

Kelly Asphalt Block Co. v. Barber Asphalt Paving Co.

174

(2)

Finley v. Dalton

176

(1)

Notes

177

(2)

Liabilities of the Undisclosed Principal

179

(7)

Authorized Transactions

179

(1)

Remedies of the Third Party

179

(1)

The Election Rule

179

(2)

Unauthorized Transactions

181

(1)

Watteau v. Fenwick

181

(2)

Notes

183

(3)

Payment and Setoff

186

(6)

Payment by the Third Party

186

(1)

Payment to the Third Party

187

(1)

Setoff

188

(1)

Branham v. Fullmer

188

(1)

Oil Supply Company, Inc. v. Hires Parts Service, Inc.

189

(3)

Problems

192

(3)

Liability of the Agent to Third Persons

195

(14)

Liability on the Contract

195

(8)

Liability When the Principal is Unintentionally Undisclosed

195

(1)

Jensen v. Alaska Valuation Service

195

(1)

Notes

196

(1)

Liability When the Principal is Disclosed: Special Circumstances

197

(1)

Notes

198

(2)

Liability When the Principal is Partially Disclosed

200

(1)

Van D. Costas, Inc. v. Rosenberg

200

(1)

Notes

201

(2)

The Agent's Warranty of Authority

203

(3)

Notes

204

(2)

Harm to the Economic Interests of Others

206

(1)

Note

206

(1)

Liability In Tort

207

(1)

Problems

207

(2)

The Doctrine of Ratification

209

(20)

The Concept

209

(8)

Evans v. Ruth

209

(2)

Dempsey v. Chambers

211

(1)

Justification for the Concept

212

(1)

Notes

213

(2)

Implied Ratification

215

(1)

Manning v. Twin Falls Clinic & Hospital, Inc.

215

(1)

Notes

216

(1)

The Knowledge Requirement

217

(2)

Computel, Inc. v. Emery Air Freight Corp.

217

(2)

Can Silence Constitute Affirmance?

219

(5)

Bruton v. Automatic Welding & Supply Corp

219

(4)

Notes

223

(1)

The No Partial Ratification Rule

224

(1)

Changed Circumstances

225

(2)

Notes

225

(2)

Problems

227

(2)

Notice and Notification; Imputed Knowledge

229

(16)

Introduction

229

(1)

Notification

229

(2)

Imputed Knowledge

231

(2)

Notes

232

(1)

The Adverse Interest Qualification

233

(4)

Farr v. Newman

234

(3)

The Sole Actor Doctrine

237

(5)

Munroe v. Harriman

238

(3)

Notes

241

(1)

Problems

242

(3)

Termination of the Agency Relationship

245

(10)

Termination Between the Parties to an Agency Relationship

245

(5)

Termination by Will

245

(1)

Some Consequences of Termination of an Agency Relationship

246

(1)

Irrevocable Powers Phrased in Agency Terms

246

(1)

Termination by Operation of Law

247

(1)

Death

247

(1)

Hunt v. Rousmanier's Administrators

247

(1)

Notes

248

(1)

Loss of Capacity

249

(1)

Notes

249

(1)

Notice of Termination to Third Parties

250

(3)

Termination by Will

250

(1)

Termination by Operation of Law

251

(2)

Problems

253

(2)

The Creation of a Partnership

255

(30)

Introduction

255

(1)

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

255

(2)

The Partnership Relationship Defined and Distinguished From Other Relationships

257

(11)

An Early Test of Partnership

258

(1)

Partnership as Mutual Agency

258

(1)

The Uniform Partnership Act (1914) and the Revised Uniform Partnership Act (1997)

259

(3)

Notes and Questions

262

(1)

Martin v. Peyton

263

(3)

Notes

266

(2)

The Underlying Theory of Partnership---Aggregate Or Entity?

268

(5)

Fairway Development Co. v. Title Insurance Co. of Minnesota

270

(2)

Notes

272

(1)

Income Tax Considerations---A Brief Summary

273

(1)

Contributions of Property to the Partnership

273

(8)

Ambiguities Concerning Ownership of Particular Property

273

(1)

Notes and Questions

274

(1)

The Special Matter of Title to Real Property

275

(1)

The Property Rights of a Partner

276

(1)

Note

277

(1)

Putnam v. Shoaf

277

(3)

Notes

280

(1)

Problems

281

(4)

The Operation of a Partnership

285

(84)

Contractual Powers of Partners

285

(15)

Actual Authority

285

(1)

Summers v. Dooley

286

(1)

National Biscuit Co. v. Stroud

287

(2)

Notes

289

(1)

Apparent Authority

289

(1)

Burns v. Gonzalez

289

(4)

Notes

293

(2)

Partner Liability by Estoppel

295

(1)

Is There a Duty to Speak?

296

(2)

The Reliance Conundrum

298

(1)

Notes

299

(1)

Tort Liability for the Wrongs of Partners

300

(5)

In General

300

(1)

Tort Liability of Partnership to an Injured Partner: The Co-Principal Doctrine

301

(1)

Notes

302

(1)

The Fraudulent Partner

302

(2)

Notes

304

(1)

The Nature of a Partner's Liability---Joint as Opposed to Joint and Several Liability

305

(1)

Suits Against the Partnership

306

(1)

Suits by the Partnership

307

(1)

Notice and Notification to the Partnership

307

(1)

Keeping Track of Things---A Brief Look at Partnership Accounting

308

(1)

Rights and Duties Among Partners

308

(48)

Fiduciary Duties

308

(1)

The Duty of Loyalty

309

(1)

Duty during formation of partnership

309

(1)

Corley v. Ott

309

(1)

Note

310

(1)

Pre-empting business opportunities

311

(1)

Meinhard v. Salmon

311

(3)

Notes

314

(2)

Leaving the business

316

(1)

Gibbs v. Breed, Abbott & Morgan

317

(11)

Fiduciary duties and freedom of contract

328

(1)

Singer v. Singer

328

(2)

Notes

330

(1)

The Duty of Care

331

(1)

The Duty of Full Disclosure

331

(1)

Walter v. Holiday Inns, Inc.

332

(2)

The Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing

334

(3)

Notes

337

(1)

Bohatch v. Butler & Binion

338

(10)

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft v. Beasley

348

(5)

Note

353

(1)

The Right to an Accounting

353

(1)

Suits Among Partners

354

(1)

Notes

355

(1)

Claims by Creditors of the Partnership

356

(2)

Rights Against Partnership Assets

356

(1)

Rights Against the Personal Assets of Individual Partners

357

(1)

Claims by Personal Creditors of a Partner Against the Partnership Interest of the Partner

358

(8)

Tupper v. Kroc

359

(4)

Notes

363

(1)

Bauer v. Blomfield Co. / Holden Joint Venture

363

(3)

Problems

366

(3)

Dissociation of a Partner and Dissolution of a Partnership

369

(46)

Liquidation Rights

370

(4)

Dreifuerst v. Dreifuerst

370

(3)

Note

373

(1)

Causes of Dissolution Under UPA and RUPA

374

(13)

Dissolution at Will

375

(1)

Page v. Page

375

(3)

Notes

378

(2)

Wrongful Dissolution

380

(1)

Notes

381

(1)

Horizon / CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Southern Oaks Health Care, Inc

382

(5)

Notice of Dissolution and Termination of Authority Among Partners

387

(1)

Termination of Authority

387

(1)

Notice of Dissolution---Lingering Apparent Authority

387

(1)

Note

388

(1)

Continuing the Business

388

(11)

Continuation Clauses

388

(1)

Hunter v. Straube

388

(2)

Notes

390

(2)

Liability of an Incoming Partner

392

(1)

Liability of a Withdrawing Partner

393

(1)

Redman v. Walters

393

(1)

Creditors' Claims

394

(1)

Rights of a Retired Partner or the Estate of a Deceased Partner When the Business is Continued

395

(2)

Notes

397

(2)

Winding up; Liquidation; Terminating the Business

399

(13)

Winding up and Liquidation

399

(1)

Resnick v. Kaplan

400

(2)

Note

402

(1)

Marr v. Langhoff

402

(2)

Kennedy v. Kennedy

404

(1)

Ohlendorf v. Feinstein

405

(2)

Termination

407

(1)

The Judicial Sale

408

(1)

Prentiss v. Sheffel

408

(2)

The Losing Venture: Claims Among Partners

410

(2)

Notes

412

(1)

Problems

412

(3)

The Limited Partnership

415

(60)

Historical Background

418

(1)

Organizational Defects

419

(6)

Briargate Condominium Ass'n v. Carpenter

420

(5)

The Limited Partner

425

(33)

The Control Question

425

(1)

In General

425

(1)

Holzman v. de Escamilla

425

(1)

Note

426

(1)

Gateway Potato Sales v. G.B. Investment Co.

427

(4)

Pitman v. Flanagan Lumber Co.

431

(1)

Note

432

(1)

Control of the Corporate General Partner

432

(1)

Zeiger v. Wilf

432

(8)

Removal of the General Partner

440

(1)

Obert v. Environmental Research & Development Corp

440

(1)

Note

441

(1)

Obert v. Environmental Research & Development Corp

442

(2)

Notes

444

(1)

Suits by Limited Partners

445

(1)

Notes

446

(1)

Limitations on Distributions and Transfer of Interests

447

(1)

Duties of Limited Partners

448

(1)

KE Property Management, Inc. v. 275 Madison Management Corp

448

(3)

Note

451

(1)

Mandatory Capital Contributions: The Voting Rights of Limited Partners and the Relationship of the Partnership Agreement to the Partnership Certificate

452

(1)

Rights of Personal Creditors of Limited Partners

453

(1)

Baybank v. Catamount Construction, Inc.

453

(5)

The General Partner

458

(14)

Appletree Square I Limited Partnership v. Investmark, Inc.

458

(3)

Notes

461

(2)

Gotham Partners, L.P. v. Hallwood Realty Partners, L.P.

463

(6)

Notes

469

(3)

Problems

472

(3)

The Limited Liability Company

475

Introduction

475

(2)

Tax Matters

477

(1)

The Kintner Regulations

477

(1)

The Check-the-Box Regulations

477

(1)

Securities Laws Issues

478

(1)

The Creation of an LLC

479

(13)

C & J Builders and Remodelers, LLC v. Geisenheimer

479

(3)

Elf Atochem North America, Inc. v. Jaffari

482

(7)

Meyer v. Oklahoma Alcoholic Beverage Laws Enforcement Commission

489

(3)

Note

492

(1)

The Entity Theory and the LLC

492

(11)

Litchfield Asset Management Corporation v. Howell

492

(6)

Notes

498

(1)

Abrahim & Sons Enterprises v. Equilon Enterprises, LLC

499

(3)

Notes

502

(1)

The Operation of an LLC

503

(30)

The Management of an LLC

503

(1)

Broyhill v. DeLuca

503

(4)

Authority and Apparent Authority of Members

507

(1)

Taghipour v. Jerez

507

(4)

Notes

511

(1)

Fiduciary Duties of Members

512

(1)

McConnell v. Hunt Sports Enterprises

513

(6)

Notes

519

(1)

VGS, Inc. v. Castiel

520

(5)

Notes

525

(1)

The Interest of a Member in an LLC

525

(1)

Claims Among Members

526

(1)

Limitations on Distributions

526

(1)

Transferability of Interests

526

(1)

Exit Privileges

526

(1)

Expulsion of a Member

527

(1)

Walker v. Resource Development Company Limited, L.L.C.

527

(5)

Claims of Creditors of Members

532

(1)

Inspection of Books and Records

533

(1)

Dissolution of an LLC

533

(2)

Hurwitz v. Padden

533

(2)

Note

535

(1)

Problems and Questions

535

Table of Cases

(1)

Index

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Agency, Partnership, and the Llc: The Law of Unincorporated Business Enterprises

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Agency, Partnership, and the Llc: The Law of Unincorporated Business Enterprises

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