Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium

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ISBN: 9781560229322 | 1560229322
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/1/2002

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Guide to the trade situation facing agriculture in the 21st Century, consolidating widespread research into a unique single reference source. This book evaluates anticipated changes to the agricultural trade market and the competitiveness of commodities and products resulting from existing and potential international policies.

About the Editors

xii

Contributors

xiii

Preface

xvii

Issues and Obstacles for Agricultural Trade Policy in the New Millennium

(8)

P. Lynn Kennedy

Won W. Koo

Issues and Perspectives for Future Trade Agreements

(3)

Scope of This Volume

(4)

PART I: KEY ISSUES INFLUENCING AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

Progress in Agricultural Trade Negotiations

(26)

Andrew Schmitz

Introduction

(1)

Policy Harmonization and Side Agreements

(4)

State Trading Enterprises (STEs) and the WTO

(1)

Keeping the Borders Open

(1)

The Green Box

(8)

R&D and Trade

(3)

Multinationals and Vertical Market Structures

(1)

Gainers and Losers

(2)

Future Directions

(2)

Conclusion

(4)

Issues in the WTO Agricultural Negotiations: An Overview

(20)

Tim Josling

Introduction

(1)

Building on the Uruguay Round

(1)

The Agenda for the Agricultural Negotiations

(1)

Market Access

(2)

TRQ Expansion

(1)

Curbing Export Subsidies

(4)

Domestic Support

(2)

Health, Safety, and Environmental Issues

(3)

The Timing of the Negotiations

(5)

Obstacles to Progress in Multilateral Agricultural Trade Negotiations: The European Viewpoint

(16)

David Blandford

EU Agricultural Policy Prior to the Uruguay Round Negotiations

(1)

EU Policy and the Uruguay Round Agreement

(4)

EU Perspectives on Future Agricultural Policy

(3)

Implications for the Trade Negotiations

(2)

Conclusion

(5)

One Perspective on U.S. Policy and Agricultural Progress in World Trade Organization Negotiations

(18)

Daniel A. Sumner

General Obstacles to Progress in Current WTO Negotiations in Agriculture

(4)

The Negotiating Position of the United States and Progress in the Current WTO Round

(4)

Trade and Agricultural Policies of the United States As Obstacles to Progress in the Current WTO Round

(5)

Concluding Remarks

(4)

Agricultural Negotiations in the Context of a Broader Round: A Developing Country Perspective

(24)

Thomas W. Hertel

Bernard M. Hoekman

Will Martin

Agricultural Liberalization

(3)

Industrial Tariffs

(4)

Services

(3)

Industrial, Investment, and Export Development Policies

100

(2)

Achieving Balance: Rule Making and Implementation

102

(2)

Labor, Environmental, and Related Standards Issues

104

(2)

Developing Country Participation

106

(1)

Concluding Remarks

107

(6)

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Environment: Issues and Policies

113

(28)

Wesley Nimon

Utpal Vasavada

Introduction

113

(1)

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Environment

114

(5)

The Positions of Fourteen Major Environmental NGOs

119

(5)

Countries' Agricultural Negotiating Positions with Environmental Implications

124

(6)

Relationship Between Fourteen Environmental NGOs and Countries' WTO Proposals

130

(1)

The Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Production-Linked Supports

131

(2)

Conclusion

133

(8)

PART II: COMMODITY TRADE ISSUES

Trade Liberalization in Rice

141

(14)

Eric J. Wailes

Progress in Rice Trade Liberalization

144

(5)

Issues for Rice in the Current WTO Round

149

(6)

Major Issues in the U.S. Sugar Industry Under 2000 WTO Negotiations and NAFTA

155

(22)

Won W. Koo

P. Lynn Kennedy

Introduction

155

(1)

Overview of the World Sugar Industry

156

(3)

The U.S. Sugar Program and Policies

159

(3)

Sugar and Sweetener Trade under NAFTA

162

(4)

Foreign Sugar Policies and Practices

166

(1)

Major Issues in the U.S. Sugar Industry

167

(7)

Concluding Remarks

174

(3)

Major Issues for the U.S. Wheat Industry: The Implications of China's Entry into the WTO

177

(20)

Won W. Koo

Introduction

177

(1)

World Wheat Industry

178

(4)

Trade Agreements and Policies

182

(4)

Major Issues in the 2000 Round of WTO Negotiations

186

(2)

The Impacts of China's WTO Entry on the World and U.S. Wheat Industries

188

(3)

Results

191

(4)

Conclusion

195

(2)

New WTO Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Issues for the U.S. Coarse Grain Market

197

(18)

Linwood Hoffman

Erik Dohlman

Introduction

197

(1)

Global Coarse Grain Trade

198

(1)

Accomplishments of the Uruguay Round and Issues for New Agricultural Negotiations

199

(2)

Continuing Issues

201

(6)

Other Issues

207

(4)

Conclusion

211

(4)

The World Trade Organization and Southern Agriculture: The Cotton Perspective

215

(12)

Darren Hudson

The Current Cotton Situation

216

(2)

The WTO and Cotton

218

(4)

Conclusion

222

(5)

PART III: MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: ISSUES AND CONCERNS

The Impacts of Export Subsidy Reduction Commitments in the Agreement on Agriculture and International Trade: A General Assessment

227

(18)

Lilian Ruiz

Harry De Gorter

Introduction

227

(2)

The Economics of Volume versus Value Commitments on Export Subsidies

229

(13)

Final Considerations and Conclusion

242

(3)

Agricultural Trade Liberalization Beyond Uruguay: U.S. Options and Interests

245

(14)

John Gilbert

Thomas Wahl

Introduction

245

(1)

Methodology

246

(4)

Unfinished Business

250

(2)

China and the WTO

252

(2)

Regional Alternatives

254

(2)

Concluding Comments

256

(3)

Regional versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements: Which Way Should the Western Hemisphere Go on Trade?

259

(14)

Karen M. Huff

James Rude

Introduction

259

(1)

The Free Trade Area of the Americas

260

(1)

The Prospects for a New Multilateral Trade Agreement

261

(1)

The Modeling Framework

261

(3)

Results

264

(4)

Conclusion and Policy Recommendations

268

(5)

Regionalism and Trade Creation: The Case of NAFTA

273

(14)

Dragan Miljkovic

Rodney Paul

Introduction

273

(2)

Determination of the Break Period: Method

275

(3)

What Happened to Trade Creation?

278

(4)

Regionalism, Regionalization, and NAFTA: Concluding Remarks

282

(5)

Increased Use of Antidumping Weakens Global Trade Liberalization

287

(18)

Anita Regmi

Introduction

287

(1)

What Is Dumping?

288

(1)

Use of Antidumping by Countries

289

(6)

Examination of the Current AD Law

295

(1)

Agriculture and Antidumping

296

(3)

Potential Impacts on Future Agricultural Trade

299

(6)

Implementation of the SPS Agreement

305

(16)

Suzanne D. Thornsbury

Tara M. Minton

Institutional Changes

306

(4)

Standard-Setting Procedures

310

(3)

Issues for the Next Round

313

(3)

Conclusion

316

(5)

Modeling Impacts of the Macroeconomic and Political Environment on Long-Term Prospects for Agricultural World Markets

321

(20)

Martin von Lampe

Introduction

321

(1)

Brief Overview of Other Agricultural Market Models

322

(2)

Outline of the WATSIM Modeling System

324

(7)

Model Results: Prospects and Sensitivity of Agricultural World Markets

331

(6)

Further Developments

337

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

337

(4)

Price Volatility: A Bitter Pill of Trade Liberalization in Agriculture?

341

(16)

Robert D. Weaver

William C. Natcher

Introduction

341

(1)

Approach

342

(6)

Empirical Results: The History of Price Volatility and Evidence of Change

348

(4)

Conclusion

352

(5)

Challenges and Prospects for Agricultural Trade Policy in the New Millennium

357

(4)

P. Lynn Kennedy

Won W. Koo

Challenges for Agricultural Trade Policy

357

(2)

Prospects for Agricultural Trade Policy

359

(2)

Index

361

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Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium

Summary

Table of Contents

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