Agriculture and the State Market Processes and Bureaucracy
, by Pasour, Jr., E. C.; Gardner, Bruce L.Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780945999294 | 0945999291
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 8/1/1993
Foreword | |
Preface | |
The Role of Economics in Agricultural Policy Analysis | p. 1 |
Functions of an Economic System | p. 1 |
The Market System versus Central Direction | p. 2 |
Market Prices and Market Socialism | p. 4 |
Marginal Efficiency Conditions and Public Policy | p. 4 |
Importance of Economics in Public Policy | p. 7 |
The Market Process: Competition and Entrepreneurship | p. 7 |
Economic Efficiency and Equity in U.S. Agriculture | p. 11 |
Economic Efficiency: An Elusive Concept | p. 11 |
Equity | p. 13 |
Rationale for U.S. Agricultural Programs | p. 18 |
Government and the Economy: Private versus Collective Choice | p. 22 |
Private Choice | p. 22 |
Problems Arising from Private Choice | p. 22 |
Undesirable Consequences of Collective Action | p. 27 |
Public Choice: The Economics of the Political Process | p. 35 |
Individual Participation | p. 36 |
Political Parties | p. 37 |
Legislative Branch | p. 38 |
The Executive Branch and the Bureaucracy | p. 40 |
Government Failure | p. 42 |
Improving the Collective-Choice Process | p. 46 |
Implications of Public-Choice Theory for Agricultural Policy | p. 49 |
The Changing Agricultural Agenda | p. 49 |
Bias of Collective-Choice Process in Agriculture | p. 52 |
The Breakdown of Budget Discipline | p. 54 |
Reducing the Overspending Bias | p. 56 |
The Farm Problem and Economic Justice | p. 60 |
Economic Growth versus Market Power | p. 60 |
Farm versus Nonfarm Incomes | p. 62 |
Income Inequality and Economic Justice | p. 66 |
The Role of Government in U.S. Agriculture | p. 71 |
Roots of Current Farm Programs | p. 71 |
The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 and the Great Depression | p. 72 |
Cause of the Great Depression | p. 73 |
New Deal Measures in Agriculture | p. 74 |
The Growth of Government in U.S. Agriculture | p. 74 |
Price Supports, Parity; and Cost of Production | p. 81 |
Parity Price | p. 81 |
Cost of Production | p. 84 |
Price Setting to Increase Market Stability | p. 87 |
Market Models and Overview of Production Controls and Marketing Quotas | p. 91 |
Price Supports Alone | p. 91 |
Price Supports with Restrictions on Output or Input Use | p. 92 |
Compensatory Payments | p. 96 |
History and Operation of Production Control Programs | p. 96 |
Mandatory versus Voluntary Production Controls | p. 99 |
Production Controls and Current Price Support Programs | p. 103 |
Programs where Participation Is Optional | p. 103 |
Payment-in-Kind (PIK) Programs | p. 107 |
Farmer-Owned Reserve | p. 109 |
Other Programs | p. 110 |
The Tobacco Program: Participation Mandatory | p. 112 |
The Peanut Program | p. 116 |
Cooperatives and Marketing Orders | p. 120 |
Marketing and Supply Cooperatives | p. 120 |
Capper-Volstead Act | p. 120 |
Incentive Problems | p. 121 |
Tax Treatment of Cooperatives | p. 122 |
Marketing Orders | p. 124 |
Marketing Orders as a "Self-Help" Program | p. 125 |
Milk Marketing | p. 125 |
Marketing Orders for Fruit and Vegetables | p. 131 |
Factors Affecting Development and Life of Marketing Orders | p. 133 |
Effects of Marketing Orders | p. 133 |
Effects of Agricultural Commodity Programs | p. 138 |
Who are the Short-Run Beneficiaries? | p. 138 |
Indirect Effects of Price Support Programs | p. 143 |
Short-Run versus Long-Run Effects | p. 145 |
Restrictions on Competition | p. 147 |
Subsidized Food Programs | p. 150 |
Brief History | p. 150 |
Food Stamps | p. 151 |
School-Lunch Program | p. 151 |
Other Food-Assistance Programs | p. 152 |
Food-Stamp Reform | p. 153 |
Nutrition and Health Policies | p. 154 |
Implementation Problems | p. 155 |
Agricultural Price Supports and Food Assistance | p. 156 |
International Trade and Trade Restrictions | p. 159 |
Comparative Advantage | p. 160 |
Barriers to Trade | p. 161 |
Export Subsidies and Restrictions | p. 164 |
GATT, Protectionism, and Agricultural Price Supports | p. 167 |
Crop Insurance, Market Stabilization, and Risk Management | p. 173 |
Crop Insurance: An Expensive Disappointment | p. 173 |
Market Stabilization and Risk Management | p. 177 |
Subsidized Credit in U.S. Agriculture | p. 184 |
The Farm Credit System (FCS) | p. 184 |
Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) | p. 187 |
CCC Loans | p. 189 |
The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) | p. 190 |
Economic Analysis of Subsidized Credit Programs | p. 190 |
Effects of Easy Credit Policies in U.S. Agriculture | p. 192 |
Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources | p. 199 |
What is Conservation? | p. 199 |
Conservation and the Market | p. 200 |
Soil Erosion | p. 202 |
Preservation of Agricultural Land | p. 207 |
The Market versus Central Direction in Land-Use Decisions | p. 210 |
Agricultural Research and Extension Activities | p. 214 |
The Beginning | p. 214 |
Change in Scope of USDA Activities over Time | p. 215 |
Who Are the Beneficiaries? | p. 215 |
Rationale for Public Funding of Research and Education | p. 218 |
The Theory of Bureaucracy and Agricultural Research | p. 221 |
Taxation in Agriculture | p. 227 |
Marginal Tax Rates and the Progressive Income Tax | p. 227 |
The Federal Income Tax and Agriculture | p. 229 |
The Estate Tax | p. 232 |
Corporate Farming | p. 232 |
Farming as a Tax Shelter | p. 233 |
Implications for Agriculture | p. 233 |
The Effects of Government Farm Programs | p. 236 |
Programs that Increase Product Prices to Farmers | p. 236 |
Programs that Reduce Prices | p. 238 |
Net Effects: Who Wins? Who Loses? | p. 240 |
Policy Implications | p. 245 |
Index | p. 251 |
About the Author | p. 259 |
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |
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