The American Nation A History of the United States, Combined Volume
, by Carnes, Mark C.; Garraty, John A.
- ISBN: 9780205790449 | 0205790445
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 1/3/2011
The American Nation#x19;s pedagogical mission is to show#xA0;readers how history connects to the experiences and expectations that mark their lives. The authors pursue that mission through a variety of distinctive features, including an innovative art program and provocative chapter-opening questions and essays to engage readers.
Mark C. Carnes
Mark C. Carnes received his undergraduate degree from Harvard and his Ph.D in history from Columbia University. He has chaired both the history and American studies departments at Barnard College and Columbia University, where he serves as the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of History. Carnes and Garraty were general editors of the 26-volume American National Biography, for which they were awarded the Waldo Leland Prize of the American Historical Association. Carnes has published numerous books on American social and cultural history, including Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989), Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies (1995), Novel History: Historians and Novelists Confront America’s Past (2001) and Invisible Giants: 50 Americans That Shaped the Nation but Missed the History Books (2002). Carnes also pioneered the Reacting to the Past pedagogy, which won the Theodore Hesburgh Award as the top outstanding pedagogical innovation in the nation (2004). In Reacting to the Past, college students play elaborate games, set in the past, their roles informed by classic texts. (For more on Reacting, see: www.barnard.edu/reacting.) In 2005 the American Historical Association named Carnes the recipient of the William Gilbert Prize for the best article on teaching history.
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PROLOGUE: BEGINNINGS
CHAPTER 1 ALIEN ENCOUNTERS: EUROPE IN THE AMERICAS
Columbus's Great Triumph and Error
Spain's American Empire
Extending Spain's Empire to the North
Disease and Population Losses
Ecological Imperialism
The Protestant Reformation
English Beginnings in America
The Settlement of Virginia
"Purifying" the Church of England
Bradford and Plymouth Colony
Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony
Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Other New England Colonies
Pequot War and King Philip's War
Maryland and the Carolinas
French and Dutch Settlements
The Middle Colonies
Cultural Collisions
Cultural Fusions
DEBATING THE PAST How Many Indians Perished with European Settlement?
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Black Robe
CHAPTER 2 AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE MAKING
Settlement of New France
Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California
The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seabord
The Chesapeake Colonies
The Lure of Land
"Solving" the Labor Shortage: Slavery
Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco
Bacon's Rebellion
The Carolinas
Home and Family in the South
Georgia and the Back Country
Puritan New England
The Puritan Family
Visable Puritan Saints and Others
Democracies without Democrats
The Dominion of New England
Salem Bewitched
Higher Education in New England
A Merchant's World
The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis
The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples
"The Best Poor Man's Country"
The Politics of Diversity
Becoming Americans
RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Crucible
CHAPTER 3 AMERICA IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE
The British Colonial System
Mercantilism
The Navigation Acts
The Effects of Mercantilism
The Great Awakening
The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards
The Enlightenment in America
Colonial Scientific Achievements
Repercussions of Distant Wars
The Great War for the Empire
Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris
Burdens of an Expanded Empire
Tightening Imperial Controls
The Sugar Act
American Colonists Demand Rights
The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling
Rioters or Rebels?
The Declaratory Act
The Townshend Duties
The Boston Massacre
The Boiling Pot Spills Over
The Tea Act Crisis
From Resistance to Revolution
AMERICAN LIVES Eunice Williams/Gannenstenhawi
DEBATING THE PAST Do Artists Depict Historical Subjects Accurately?
CHAPTER 4 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The Shot Heard Round the World
The Second Continental Congress
The Battle of Bunker Hill
The Great Declaration
1776: The Balance of Forces
Loyalists
The British Take New York City
Saratoga and the French Alliance
The War Moves South
Victory at Yorktown
Negotiating a Favorable Peace
National Government under the Articles of Confederation
Financing the War
State Republican Governments
Social Reform and Antislavery
Women and the Revolution
Growth of a National Spirit
The Great Land Ordinances
National Heroes
A National Culture
DEBATING THE PAST Was the American Revolution Rooted in Class Struggle?
RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Patriot
CHAPTER 5 THE FEDERALIST ERA: NATIONALISM TRIUMPHANT
Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation
Daniel Shays's "Little Rebellion"
To Philadelphia, and the Constitution
The Great Convention
The Compromises that Produced the Constitution
Washington as President
Congress under Way
Hamilton and Financial Reform
The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground
Revolution in France
Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parities
1794: Crisis and Resolution
Jay's Treaty
1795: All's Well that Ends Well
Washington's Farewell
The Election of 1796
The XYZ Affair
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
MAPPING THE PAST Radical Frontiersmen vs. Conservative Easterners in the 1780s
CHAPTER 6 JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Jefferson Elected President
The Federalist Contribution
Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist
Jefferson as President
Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary
The Barbary Pirates
The Louisiana Purchase
The Federalists Discredited
Lewis and Clark
The Burr Conspiracy
Napoleon and the British
The Impressment Controversy
The Embargo Act
Jeffersonian Democracy
DEBATING THE PAST Did Thomas Jefferson Father a Child by His Slave?
MAPPING THE PAST A Water Route to the Pacific?
CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL GROWING PAINS
Madison in Power
Tecumseh and Indian Resistance
Depression and Land Hunger
Opponents of War
The War of 1812
Britain Assumes the Offensive
"The Star Spangled Banner"
The Treaty of Ghent
The Hartford Convention
The Battle of New Orleans and the End of the War
Anglo-American Rapprochement
The Transcontinental Treaty
The Monroe Doctrine
The Era of Good Feelings
New Sectional Issues
New Leaders
The Missouri Compromise
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams as President
Calhoun's Exposition and Protest
The Meaning of Sectionalism
MAPPING THE PAST North-South Sectionalism Intensifies
CHAPTER 8 TOWARD A NATIONAL ECONOMY
Gentility and the Consumer Revolution
Birth of the Factory
An Industrial Proletariat?
Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers
Irish and German Immigrants
The Persistence of the Household System
Rise of Corporations
Cotton Revolutionizes the South
Revival of Slavery
Roads to Market
Transportation and the Government
Development of Steamboats
The Canal Boom
New York City: Emporium of the Western World
The Marshall Court
MAPPING THE PAST The Making of the Working Class
DEBATING THE PAST Was There a "Market Revolution" in the Early 1800s?
CHAPTER 9JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
"Democratizing" Politics
1828: The New Party System in Embryo
The Jacksonian Appeal
The Spoils System
President of All of the People
Sectional Tensions Revived
Jackson: "The Bank. . . I will Kill It!"
Jackson's Bank Veto
Jackson versus Calhoun
Indian Removals
The Nullification Crisis
Boom and Bust
The Jacksonians
Rise of the Whigs
Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism without Jackson
The Log Cabin Campaign
DEBATING THE PAST For Whom Did Jackson Fight?
AMERICAN LIVES Davy Crockett
CHAPTER 10 THE MAKING OF MIDDLE-CLASS AMERICA
Tocqueville: Democracy in America
The Family Recast
The Second Great Awakening
The Era of Associations
Backwoods Utopias
The Age of Reform
"Demon Rum"
The Abolitionist Crusade
Women's Rights
The Romantic View of Life
Emerson and Thoreau
Edgar Allan Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Walt Whitman
Reading and the Dissemination of Culture
Education for Democracy
The State of the Colleges
MAPPING THE PAST Family Size: Northeast vs. Frontier
CHAPTER 11 WESTWARD EXPANSION
Tyler's Troubles
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Texas Question
Manifest Destiny
Life on the Trail
California and Oregon
The Election of 1844
Polk as President
War with Mexico
To the Halls of Montezuma
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States
Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather
The Election of 1848
The Gold Rush
The Compromise of 1850
DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Change Women's Roles?
RE-VIEWING THE PAST The Alamo
CHAPTER 12 THE SECTIONS GO THEIR OWN WAYS
The South
The Economics of Slavery
Antebellum Plantation Life
The Sociology of Slavery
Psychological Effects of Slavery
Manufacturing in the South
The Northern Industrial Juggernaut
A Nation of Immigrants
How Wage Earners Lived
Progress and Poverty
Foreign Commerce
Steam Conquers the Atlantic
Canals and Railroads
Financing the Railroads
Railroads and the Economy
Railroads and the Sectional Conflict
The Economy on the Eve of Civil War
AMERICAN LIVES Sojourner Truth
DEBATING THE PAST Did Slaves and Masters Form Emotional Bonds?
CHAPTER 13 THE COMING OF THE CIVI WAR
Slave-Catchers Come North
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Diversions Abroad: The "Young America" Movement
Stephen Douglas: "The Little Giant"
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System
"Bleeding Kansas"
Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism
Buchanan Tries His Hand
The Dred Scott Decision
The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution
The Emergence of Lincoln
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Brown's Raid
The Election of 1860
The Secession Crisis
MAPPING THE PAST Runaway Slaves: Hard Realities
DEBATING THE PAST Was the Civil War Avoidable?
CHAPTER 14 THE WAR TO SAVE THE UNION
Lincoln's Cabinet
Fort Sumter: The First Shot
The Blue and the Gray
The Test of Battle: Bull Run
Paying for the War
Politics as Usual
Behind Confederate Lines
War in the West: Shiloh
McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior
Lee Counterattacks: Antietam
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Draft Riots
The Emancipated People
African-American Soldiers
Antietam to Gettysburg
Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg
Economic and Social Effects, North and South
Women in Wartime
Grand in the Wilderness
Sherman in Georgia
To Appomattox Court House
Winners, Losers, and the Future
DEBATING THE PAST Why Did the South Lose the Civil War?
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Glory
CHAPTER 15 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE SOUTH
The Assasination of Lincoln
Presidential Reconstruction
Republican Radicals
Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Reconstruction Acts
Congress Supreme
The Fifteenth Amendment
"Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
The Ravaged Land
Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System
-The White Backlash
Grant as President
The Disputed Election of 1876
The Compromise of 1877
DEBATING THE PAST Were Reconstruction Governments Corrupt?
MAPPING THE PAST The Politics of Reconstruction
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Cold Mountain
CHAPTER 16 THE CONQUEST OF THE WEST
The West after the Civil War
The Plains Indians
Indian Wars
The Destruction of Tribal Life
The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West
Farmers Struggle to Keep Up
Big Business and the Land Bonanza
Western Railroad Building
The Cattle Kingdom
Open-Range Ranching
Barbed-Wire Warfare
DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Promote Individualism and Democracy?
AMERICAN LIVES Nat Love
CHAPTER 17 AN INDUSTRIAL GIANT EMERGES
Essentials of Industrial Growth
Railroads: The First Big Business
Iron, Oil, and Electricity
Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads
Competition and Monopoly: Steel
Competition and Monopoly: Oil
Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities
American Ambivalence to Big Business
Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd
Reformers: The Marxists
The Government Reacts to BIg Business: Railroad Regulation
The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act
The Labor Union Movement
The American Federation of Labor
Labor Millitancy Rebuffed
Whither America, Whither Democracy?
MAPPING THE PAST Were the Railroads Indispensable?
CHAPTER 18 AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE
Middle-Class Life
Skilled and Unskilled Workers
Working Women
Working-Class Family Life
Working-Class Attitudes
Working Your Way Up
The "New" Immigration
New Immigrants Face New Nativism
The Expanding City and Its Problems
Teeming Tenements
The Cities Modernize
Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games
Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel
The Settlement Houses
Civilization and Its Discontents
DEBATING THE PAST Did Immigrants Assimilate?
MAPPING THE PAST CHOLERA A New Disease Strikes the Nation
CHAPTER 19 INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL TRENDS IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Colleges and Universities
Revolution in the Social Sciences
Progressive Education
Law and History
Realism in Literature
Mark Twain
William Dean Howells
Henry James
Realism in Art
The Pragmatic Approach
The Knowledge Revolution
AMERICAN LIVES Charlotte Perkins Gilman
CHAPTER 20 FROM SMOKE-FILLED ROOMS TO PRAIRIE WILDFIRE: 1877-1896
Congress Ascendant
Recurrent Issues
Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issues
Lackluster Presidents: From Hayes to Harrison
African Americans in the South After Reconstruction
Booker T. Washington: A "Reasonable" Champion for African Americans
City Bosses
Crops and Complaints
The Populist Movement
Showdown on Silver
The Depression of 1893
The Election of 1896
The Meaning of the Election
DEBATING THE PAST Populism--Crusade of Cranks or Potent Grass-Roots Protest?
MAPPING THE PAST Agrarian Discontent and the Populist Challenge
CHAPTER 21 THE AGE OF REFORM
Roots of Progressivism
The Muckrackers
The Progressive Mind
"Radical" Progressives: The Wave of the Future
Political Reform: Cities First
Political Reform: The States
State Social Legislation
Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement
Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House
Roosevelt and Big Business
Roosevelt and the Coal Strike
TR's Triumphs
Roosevelt Tilts Left
William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or more is Less
Breakup of the Republican Party
The Election of 1912
Wilson: The New Freedom
The Progressives and Minority Rights
Black Militancy
AMERICAN LIVES Emma Goldman
DEBATING THE PAST Were the Progressives Forward-Looking?
CHAPTER 22 FROM ISOLATION TO EMPIRE
Isolation or Imperialism?
Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies
Toward an Empire in the Pacific
Toward and Empire in Latin America
The Cuban Revolution
The "Splendid Little" Spanish-American War
Developing a Colonial Policy
The Anti-Imperialists
The Philippine Insurrection
Cuba and the United States
The United States in the Caribbean and Central America
The Open Door Policy in China
The Panama Canal
Imperialism without Colonies
AMERICAN LIVES Frederick Funston
CHAPTER 23 WOODROW WILSON AND THE GREAT WAR
Wilson's "Moral" Diplomacy
Europe Explodes in War
Freedom of the Seas
The Election of 1916
The Road to War
Mobilizing the Economy
Workers in Wartime
Paying for the War
Propaganda and Civil Liberties
Wartime Reforms
Women and Blacks in Wartime
Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top
Preparing for Peace
The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty
The Senate Rejects the League of Nations
The Red Scare
The Election of 1920
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Titanic
CHAPTER 24 POSTWAR SOCIETY AND CULTURE: CHANGE AND ADJUSTMENT
Closing the Gates to New Immigrants
New Urban Social Patterns
The Younger Generation
The "New" Woman
Popular Culture: Movies and Radio
The Golden Age of Sports
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition
The Ku Klux Klan
Literary Trends
The "New Negro"
Economic Expansion
The Age of the Consumer
Henry Ford
The Airplane
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Chicago
DEBATING THE PAST The 1920s: A Decade of Self-Absorption?
CHAPTER 25 FROM "NORMALCY" TO ECONOMIC COLLAPSE: 1921-1933
Harding and "Normalcy"
"The Business of the United States is Business"
The Harding Scandals
Coolidge Prosperity
Peace without a Sword
The Peace Movement
The Good Neighbor Policy
The Totalitarian Challenge
War Debts and Reparations
The Election of 1928
Economic Problems
The Stock Market Crash of 1929
Hoover and the Depression
The Economy Hits Bottom
The Depression and Its Victims
The Election of 1932
RE-VIEWING THE PAST There Will Be Blood
CHAPTER 26 THE NEW DEAL: 1933-1941
The Hundred Days
The National Recovery Administration (NRA)
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
The Dust Bowl
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The New Deal Spirit
The Unemployed
Literature During the Depression
Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend
The Second New Deal
The Election of 1936
Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court
The New Deal Winds Down
Significance of the New Deal
Women as New Dealers: The Network
Blacks During the New Deal
A New Deal for Indians
The Role of Roosevelt
The Triumph of Isolationism
War Again in Asia and Europe
A Third Term for FDR
The Undeclared War
DEBATING THE PAST Did the New Deal Succeed?
REVIEWING THE PAST Cinderella Man
CHAPTER 27 WAR AND PEACE: 1941-1945
The Road to Pearl Harbor
Mobilizing the Home Front
The War Economy
War and Social Change
Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians
The Treatment of German and Italian Americans
Interment of Japanese Americans
Women's Contribution to the War Effort
Allied Strategy: Europe First
Germany Overwhelmed
The Naval War in the Pacific
Island Hopping
Building the Atom Bomb
Wartime Diplomacy
Allied Suspicion of Stalin
Yalta and Potsdam
RE-VIEWING THE PAST Saving Private Ryan
DEBATING THE PAST Should A-Bombs Have Been Dropped on Japan?
CHAPTER 28 COLLISION COURSES, ABROAD AND AT HOME: 1946-1960
The Postwar Economy
Truman Becomes President
The Containment Policy
The Atom Bomb: A "winning" Weapon?
A Turning Point in Greece
The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History
The Election of 1948
Containing Communism Abroad
Hot War in Korea
The Communist Issue at Home
McCarthyism
Dwight D. Eisenhower
The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy
McCarthy Self-Destructs
Asian Policy after Korea
Israel and the Middle East
Eisenhower and Khrushchev
Latin America Aroused
Fighting the Cold War at Home
Blacks Challenge Segregation
Direct Action Protests: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Election of 1960
AMERICAN LIVES Martin Luther King, Jr.
CHAPTER 29 FROM CAMELOT TO WATERGATE: 1961-1975
Kennedy in Camelot
The Cuban Crises
JFK's Vietnam War
"We Shall Overcome": The Civil Rights Movement
Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated
Lyndon Baines Johnson: The Great Society
New Racial Turmoil
From the "Beat Movement" to Student Radicalism
Johson Escalates the War
The Election of 1968
Nixon as President: "Vietnamizing" the War
The Cambodian "Incursion"
Nixon in Triumph
Domestic Policy under Nixon
The Watergate Break-in and Cover-up
The Judgement on Watergate: "Expletive Deleted"
Nixon Resigns, Ford Becomes President
MAPPING THE PAST School Segregation after the Brown Decison
CHAPTER 30 RUNNING ON EMPTY: 1975-1991
The Oil Crisis
Ford as President
The Fall of South Vietnam
Ford versus Carter
The Carter Presidency
A National Malaise
Stagflation: The Weird Economy
"Constant Decency" in Action
The Iran Crisis: Origins
The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma
The Election of 1980
Reagan as President
Four More Years
"The Reagan Revolution"
The New Merger Movement
"A Job for Life": Layoffs Hit Home
Corporate Restructuring
Rogue Foreign Policy
Assessing the Reagan Revolution
The Election of 1988
George H.W. Bush as President
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe
The War in the Persian Gulf
Deficits
AMERICAN LIVES Bill Gates
CHAPTER 31 FROM BOOMERS TO MILLENNIALS
The New Immigration
The Emergence of Modern Feminism
Roe v. Wade
Conservative Counter-Attack
The Rise of Gay and Lesbian Rights
AIDS
Publicly Gay
Crime and Punisment
"Crack" and Urban Gangs
Violence and Popular Culture
From Main Street to Mall to Dot.Com
From Community to Facebook
Greying of the Boomers
AMERICAN LIVES Barack Obama
CHAPTER 32 SHOCKS AND RESPONSES, 1992-PRESENT
A New Face: William Clinton
The Election of 1992
A New Start: Clinton as President
Emergence of the Republican Majority
The Election of 1996
Clinton Impeached
Clinton's Legacy
The Economic Boom and the Internet
The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote
The New Terrorism
September 11, 2001
America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan
The Second Iraq War
2004-Bush Wins a Second Term
Crime: Good News and Bad
Hurricane Katrina
Iraq Insurgency and Bush's "Surge"
2008: McCain v. Obama
Financial Meltdown
"Yes We Can": Obama Elected President
Obama as President
Health Care Reform
Immigration Reform
Environmental Concerns and Disaster in the Gulf
Afghanistan, Again
The Persistent Past and Imponderable Future
AMERICAN LIVES Four Heroes
DEBATING THE PAST Do Historians Ever Get It Right?
Appendix
Glossary
Credits
Index
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