The American School: 1642-2004

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ISBN: 9780072875669 | 0072875666
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/21/2004

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This current, comprehensive history of American education is designed to stimulate critical analysis and critical thinking by offering alternative interpretations of each historical period. The point of view taken by this text emphasizes 1) the role of multiculturalism and cultural domination in shaping U.S. schools, 2) the position of the school as one of many institutions that manage the distribution of ideas in society, 3) racism as a central issue in U.S. history and U.S. educational history, and 4) economic issues as an important factor in understanding the evolution of U.S. schools.

List of Time Lines

Preface

xiii

Thinking Critically about History: Ideological Management, Culture Wars, and Consumerism

(8)

There Is No Correct or Right Interpretation of History

(1)

Thematic Time Lines

(1)

My Perspective on Educational History

(1)

Cultural Domination as a Central Theme in Educational History

(1)

Schools as One Form of Ideological Management

(1)

The Role of Racism in U.S. History and in the History of Public Schools

(1)

Economic Issues in Public School History

(1)

Consumerism and Environmental Education

(2)

Religion and Authority in Colonial Education

(35)

The Role of Education in Colonial Society

(2)

Authority and Social Status in Colonial New England

(7)

Colonialism and Educational Policy

(1)

Language and Cultural Domination

(2)

Native Americans: Education as Cultural Imperialism

(3)

Early Native American Educational Programs

(2)

Enslaved Africans: Atlantic Creoles

(1)

Enslaved Africans: The Plantation System

(2)

The Idea of Secular Education: Freedom of Thought and the Establishment of Academies

(4)

Benjamin Franklin and Education as Social Mobility

(3)

The Family and the Child

(4)

Conclusion

(4)

Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Moral Reform in the New Republic

(29)

Noah Webster: Nationalism and the Creation of a Dominant Culture

(2)

Thomas Jefferson: A Natural Aristocracy

(3)

Moral Reform and Faculty Psychology

(2)

Charity Schools, the Lancasterian System, and Prisons

(6)

Institutional Change and the American College

(6)

Public versus Private Schools

(1)

Conclusion: Continuing Issues in American Education

(5)

The Ideology and Politics of the Common School

(29)

The Ideology of the Common School Movement

(9)

Workingmen and the Struggle for a Republican Education

(3)

The Whigs and the Democrats

(4)

The Birth of the High School

(1)

The Continuing Debate about the Common School Ideal

(5)

Conclusion

(5)

The Common School and the Threat of Cultural Pluralism

102

(32)

Irish Catholics: A Threat to Anglo-American Schools and Culture

103

(5)

Slavery and Freedom in the North: African Americans and Schools in the New Republic

108

(2)

Racial Segregation

110

(1)

Boston and the Struggle for Equal Educational Opportunity

111

(3)

Learning in the Plantation System

114

(1)

Native Americans

115

(3)

The Ghost Dance: The Educational Dilemma for Native Americans

118

(1)

The Civilization Act

119

(1)

Native Americans, Education, and Social Class

120

(2)

The Missionary Educators

122

(2)

Language and Native American Cultures

124

(2)

Education and the Trail of Tears

126

(4)

Conclusion

130

(4)

Organizing the American School: The Nineteenth-Century Schoolmarm

134

(34)

The American Teacher

136

(9)

The Maternal Model of Instruction

145

(5)

The Evolution of the Bureaucratic Model

150

(7)

McGuffey's Readers and the Spirit of Capitalism

157

(5)

Female Teachers Civilize the West

162

(3)

Conclusion

165

(3)

Multiculturalism and the Failure of the Common School Ideal

168

(38)

Mexican Americans: Race and Citizenship

168

(3)

Segregation, Language, and Mexican American Education

171

(4)

Asian Americans: Exclusion and Segregation

175

(2)

Asian American Citizenship

177

(2)

Education of the Coolie and Deviant

179

(3)

Native American Citizenship

182

(1)

Educational Racism and Deculturalization

183

(1)

Native Americans: Reservations and Boarding Schools

184

(5)

Citizenship for African Americans

189

(2)

The Fourteenth Amendment: Citizenship and Education

191

(1)

The Great Crusade for Literacy

192

(5)

Issues Regarding Puerto Rican Citizenship

197

(1)

Puerto Rican American Educational Issues

198

(4)

Conclusion: Setting the Stage for the Great Civil Rights Movement

202

(4)

Growth of the Welfare Function of Schools: School Showers, Kindergarten, Playgrounds, Home Economics, Social Centers, and Cultural Conflict

206

(37)

Integrated Time Line

207

(1)

The Kindergarten Movement

208

(3)

Home Economics: Education of the New Consumer Woman

211

(4)

School Cafeterias, the American Cuisine, and Processed Foods

215

(4)

The Play Movement

219

(2)

Summer School

221

(1)

Social Centers

222

(2)

The New Culture Wars

224

(2)

Resisting Segregation: African Americans

226

(1)

The Second Crusade for Black Education

227

(2)

Resisting Segregation: Mexican Americans

229

(2)

The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)

231

(2)

Native American Boarding Schools

233

(1)

Resisting Discrimination: Asian Americans

234

(2)

Educational Resistance in Puerto Rico

236

(2)

Conclusion

238

(5)

The School and the Workplace: High School, Junior High School, and Vocational Guidance and Education

243

(43)

The High School

244

(11)

Vocational Education, Vocational Guidance, and the Junior High School

255

(8)

Public Benefit or Corporate Greed?

263

(8)

Adapting the Classroom to the Workplace: Herbart, Dewey, and Thorndike

271

(10)

Conclusion: The Meaning of Equality of Opportunity

281

(5)

Meritocracy: The Experts Take Charge

286

(31)

Meritocracy and Efficient Management

288

(9)

Measurement, Democracy, and the Superiority of Anglo-Americans

297

(6)

``Backward'' Children and Special Classrooms

303

(1)

The University and Meritocracy

304

(8)

Conclusion

312

(1)

Integrated Time Line

313

(4)

The Politics of Knowledge: Teachers Unions, the American Legion, and the American Way

317

(29)

Keep the Schools Out of Politics: The Politics of Education

317

(2)

The Politics of Professionalism: Teachers versus Administrators

319

(4)

The Rise of the National Education Association

323

(3)

The Political Changes of the Depression Years

326

(8)

The Politics of Ideological Management: The American Legion

334

(1)

Selling the ``American Way'' in Schools and on Billboards

335

(2)

Propaganda and Free Speech in the Schools

337

(2)

Textbook Censorship and the American Way

339

(1)

Rugg and Advertising

340

(3)

Conclusion

343

(3)

Schools, Media, and Popular Culture: Influencing the Minds of Children and Teenagers

346

(29)

Educators and the Movies

348

(6)

The Production Code: Movies as Educators

354

(1)

Should Commercial Radio or Educators Determine National Culture?

355

(5)

Creating the Super Hero for Children's Radio

360

(4)

Controlling the Influence of Comic Books

364

(2)

Educating Children as Consumers

366

(2)

The Creation of Teenage Markets

368

(2)

Conclusion

370

(5)

Education and National Policy

375

(30)

The Cold War and National Educational Policy

377

(5)

Ideological Management: Anticommunism

382

(2)

Back to the Basics: Scholars and Conservatives Take Charge

384

(3)

The National Defense Education Act

387

(2)

The War on Poverty

389

(5)

Children's Television Workshop and Sesame Street

394

(8)

Conclusion

402

(3)

The Great Civil Rights Movement and the New Culture Wars

405

(36)

School Desegregation

406

(3)

The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

409

(2)

Native Americans

411

(2)

Indian Education: A National Tragedy

413

(2)

Asian Americans: Educating the Model Minority

415

(2)

Asian Americans: Language and the Continued Struggle for Equal Educational Opportunity

417

(2)

Hispanic/Latino Americans

419

(2)

Bilingual Education: The Culture Wars Continued

421

(3)

Multicultural Education, Immigration, and the Culture Wars

424

(4)

Schools and the Women's Movement

428

(1)

Children with Special Needs

429

(2)

The Coloring of Textbook Town

431

(4)

Liberating the Textbook Town Housewife for More Consumption

435

(1)

Conclusion: The Cold War and Civil Rights

436

(5)

Education in the Twenty-First Century

441

(1)

The Religious Right and School Prayer

441

(2)

Environmental Education: The Radical Paradigm

443

(5)

The Nixon Administration and the Conservative Reaction

448

(2)

Accountability and the Increasing Power of the Standardized Test

450

(2)

The Reagan, Bush, and Clinton Years: National Standards, Choice, and Savage Inequalities

452

(4)

The End of the Common School: Choice, Privatization, and Charter Schools

456

(5)

No Child Left Behind: Testing and the Continuation of the Culture Wars

461

(2)

The Commercialization of Schools and Education for Consumption

463

(1)

Consumer Education

464

(2)

Fast-Food Education

466

(5)

Textbooks: Environmentalism as the New Enemy

471

(1)

Conclusion

472

Index

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The American School: 1642-2004

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials