Ancient Egyptian : A Linguistic Introduction

The language of Ancient Egypt has been the object of careful investigation since its decipherment in the nineteenth century, but this is the first accessible account that uses the insight of modern linguistics. Antonio Loprieno discusses the hieroglyphic system and its cursive varieties, and the phonology, morphology and syntax of Ancient Egyptian, as well as looking at its genetic ties with other languages of the Near East. This book will be indispensable for both linguists and Egyptologists.

Preface

xi

Major chronological divisions of Egyptian history

xiv

The language of Ancient Egypt

The genetic frame

1

(4)

History of the Egyptian language

5

(3)

A brief look at Egyptological linguistics

8

(3)

Further reading

10

(1)

Egyptian graphemics

Introduction

11

(1)

The basic principles of hieroglyphic writing

12

(6)

Connotational devices in the hieroglyphic system

18

(1)

The historical development of Egyptian writing

19

(5)

The end of the system and its rediscovery

24

(4)

Further reading

27

(1)

Egyptian phonology

Introduction

28

(1)

Heuristic criteria

29

(2)

The prehistory of Egyptian phonology

31

(1)

The phonological system of earlier Egyptian

32

(6)

Consonants

32

(3)

Vowels

35

(1)

Syllabic structures

36

(2)

The phonological system of later Egyptian

38

(2)

Consonants

38

(1)

Vowels

38

(1)

Syllabic structures

39

(1)

The phonological system of Coptic

40

(11)

Consonants

41

(5)

Vowels

46

(2)

Syllabic structures

48

(2)

Further reading

50

(1)

Elements of historical morphology

Introduction

51

(1)

Root, stem, word

52

(3)

Nominal morphology

General features

55

(1)

Compound nouns

56

(1)

The feminine

57

(1)

Plural and dual

58

(2)

Feminine and plural in later Egyptian

60

(3)

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

63

(3)

Personal pronouns in later Egyptian

66

(2)

Deictic, interrogative, and relative pronouns

68

(3)

Numerals

71

(1)

The verb

Introduction

72

(1)

General features of verbal morphology

73

(4)

Verbal morphology in earlier Egyptian

77

(9)

Non-finite verbal forms

86

(3)

Negative verbal forms

89

(1)

Verbal morphology in later Egyptian

90

(9)

Prepositions, conjunctions, particles

99

(4)

Further reading

101

(2)

Nominal syntax

Introduction

103

(1)

Bipartite vs. tripartite patterns

Classifying and identifying patterns

104

(2)

Specifying patterns

106

(3)

Entire clauses as predicate of pw: ``thetic'' statements

109

(3)

Sentences with adjectival predicate and cleft sentences

Qualifying patterns

112

(2)

Identifying (cleft) sentences

114

(4)

Possessive and interrogative patterns

Possessive constructions

118

(3)

Interrogative constructions

121

(1)

Existential sentences and temporal-modal features

122

(3)

Negative patterns

125

(6)

Nominal sentences in later Egyptian

131

(2)

Old and new cleft sentences

133

(4)

Interrogative, possessive, and existential patterns

137

(3)

Negation in later Egyptian

140

(4)

Further reading

142

(2)

Adverbial and pseudoverbal syntax

Introduction

144

(2)

Adverbial and pseudoverbal patterns

146

(4)

Adverbial conversions

Adverbial clauses

150

(5)

Adverbial phrases

155

(3)

Converted vs. unconverted relative clauses

158

(4)

Initial vs. non-initial clauses

General features

162

(4)

The proclitic particles jw and mk

166

(2)

Negation in adverbial and pseudoverbal patterns

Negation in adverbial and pseudoverbal sentences

168

(2)

Negation of adverbial phrases

170

(2)

Adverbial sentences in later Egyptian

The Present I and its conversions

172

(4)

The fate of pseudoverbal patterns

176

(2)

Main vs. subordinate clauses

178

(2)

Later Egyptian negative patterns

180

(3)

Further reading

182

(1)

Verbal syntax

Introduction

183

(1)

The independent verbal sentence

184

(2)

Initial vs. non-initial main clauses

186

(3)

Verbal clauses embedded as adverbial phrases

189

(3)

The Verbal sentence with topicalized predicate

General characteristics

192

(3)

Topicalized vs. adverbialized verbal forms

195

(1)

The ``balanced'' sentence

196

(2)

Other focalizing uses of the topicalized VP

198

(1)

Verbal clauses embedded as noun phrases

199

(3)

Converted relative clauses

General features

202

(2)

Relative conversion of agentless sentences

204

(5)

Negation in verbal clauses

Contradictory negation in main verbal clauses

209

(1)

Modal negation

210

(3)

Contrary negation in verbal clauses

213

(1)

Negation of verbal predicates embedded as AP

214

(1)

Negation of verbal predicated embedded as NP

215

(2)

Negation of adjectival conversions

217

(3)

Verbal syntax in later Egyptian

General features

220

(1)

Initial verbal clauses and parataxis

221

(4)

Non-initial verbal clauses and hypotaxis

225

(4)

Dependent clauses and subordination

229

(2)

From embedding to conversion

231

(5)

Further reading

236

(1)

Epilogue

237

(3)

Notes

240

(39)

References

279

(14)

Index of passages

293

(8)

Index of morphemes

301

(3)

Index of lexemes

304

(9)

Index of topics

313

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Ancient Egyptian : A Linguistic Introduction

Summary

Table of Contents

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Ancient Egyptian : A Linguistic Introduction

Summary

Table of Contents

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