Anderson’s Business Law and The Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume

, by Twomey, David P.; Jennings, Marianne M.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780324271126 | 0324271123
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/28/2004

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

A true landmark in legal education, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment has long guided learners to a practical understanding of business law.

Preface

xxiv

About the Authors

viii

PART 1 The Legal and Social Environment of Business

(242)

The Nature and Sources of Law

(9)

Nature of Law and Legal Rights

(1)

Legal Rights

(1)

Individual Rights

(1)

The Right of Privacy

(2)

Ethics & The Law

(1)

Privacy and Technology

(1)

Sources of Law

(1)

Uniform State Laws

(1)

Classifications of Law

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(3)

The Court System and Dispute Resolution

(21)

The Court System

(1)

The Types of Courts

(1)

The Federal Court System

(3)

State Court Systems

(1)

Court Procedure

(1)

Participants in the Court System

(1)

Which Law Applies---Conflicts of Law

(1)

Initial Steps in a Lawsuit

(2)

The Trial

(1)

Ethics & The Law

(2)

Thinking Things Through

(1)

Posttrial Procedures

(1)

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

(1)

Arbitration

(3)

Mediation

(1)

MedArb

(1)

Reference to a Third Person

(1)

Association Tribunals

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(1)

Summary Jury Trial

(1)

Rent-a-Judge

(1)

Minitrial

(1)

Judicial Triage

(1)

Contract Provisions

(1)

Disposition of Complaints and Ombudsmen

(3)

Business Ethics, Social Forces, and the Law

(29)

What Is Business Ethics?

(1)

The Law as the Standard for Business Ethics

(1)

The Notion of Universal Standards for Business Ethics

(1)

The Standard of Situational Business Ethics or Moral Relativism

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

The Business Stakeholder Standard of Behavior

(2)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Why Is Business Ethics Important?

(1)

The Importance of Trust

(1)

Business Ethics and Financial Performance

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(2)

Thinking Things Through

(2)

The Importance of a Good Reputation

(1)

Business Ethics and Business Regulation: Public Policy, Law, and Ethics

(5)

How to Recognize and Resolve Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Categories of Ethical Behavior

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Ethics & The Law

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Ethics & The Law

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(5)

The Constitution as the Foundation of the Legal Environment

(19)

The U.S. Constitution and the Federal System

(1)

What a Constitution Is

(1)

The Branches of Government

(1)

The U.S. Constitution and the States

(1)

Delegated and Shared Powers

(1)

Other Powers

(1)

Federal Supremacy

(1)

Interpreting and Amending the Constitution

(1)

Conflicting Theories

(1)

Amending the Constitution

(1)

The Living Constitution

(1)

Federal Powers

(1)

The Power to Regulate Commerce

(1)

The Financial Powers

(3)

Constitutional Limitations on Government

(1)

Due Process

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(1)

Equal Protection of the Law

(1)

Privileges and Immunities

(1)

Protection of the Person

(2)

The Bill of Rights and Business as a Person

(5)

Thinking Things Through

(5)

Government Regulation of Competition and Prices

(15)

Power to Regulate Business

(1)

Regulation, Free Enterprise, and Deregulation

(1)

Regulation of Production, Distribution, and Financing

(1)

Regulation of Unfair Competition

(1)

Regulation of Markets and Competition

(1)

Regulation of Prices

(3)

Thinking Things Through

(1)

Ethics & the Law

(1)

Prevention of Monopolies and Combinations

(4)

Power to Protect Business

(1)

Thinking Things Through

(1)

Remedies for Anticompetitive Behavior

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

(4)

Administrative Agencies

(20)

Nature of the Administrative Agency

(1)

Purpose of Administrative Agencies

(1)

Uniqueness of Administrative Agencies

(1)

Open Operation of Administrative Agencies

(2)

Legislative Power of the Agency

(1)

Agency's Regulations as Law

(1)

Agency Adoption of Regulations

100

(1)

Executive Power of the Agency

101

(1)

Enforcement or Execution of the Law

102

(1)

Constitutional Limitations on Administrative Investigation

102

(2)

Thinking Things Through

103

(1)

Ethics & The Law

104

(1)

Thinking Things Through

105

(1)

Judicial Power of the Agency

105

(1)

The Agency as a Specialized Court

105

(2)

Ethics & the Law

107

(1)

Punishment and Enforcement Powers of Agencies

107

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

108

(1)

Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies

108

(1)

Appeal from Administrative Action and Finality of Administrative Determination

108

(4)

Liability of the Agency

112

(3)

The Legal Environment of International Trade

115

(24)

General Principles

116

(1)

The Legal Background

116

(2)

International Trade Organizations, Conferences, and Treaties

118

(3)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

121

(1)

Forms of Business Organizations

122

(2)

Governmental Regulation

124

(1)

Export Regulations

124

(1)

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

125

(1)

Antitrust

126

(3)

Securities Regulation in an International Environment

129

(1)

Barriers to Trade

130

(1)

Relief Mechanisms for Economic Injury Caused by Foreign Trade

131

(2)

Expropriation

133

(1)

Government-Assisted Export Programs

133

(1)

Ethics & The Law

134

(1)

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

135

(4)

Crimes

139

(35)

General Principles

140

(1)

Nature and Classification of Crimes

141

(1)

Basis of Criminal Liability

141

(1)

Responsibility for Criminal Acts

141

(5)

Thinking Things Through

145

(1)

Thinking Things Through

146

(1)

Indemnification of Crime Victims

146

(2)

White-Collar Crimes

148

(1)

Conspiracies

148

(1)

Crimes Related to Production, Competition, and Marketing

148

(1)

Money Laundering

149

(1)

Ethics & The Law

150

(1)

Racketeering

150

(1)

Bribery

151

(1)

Commercial Bribery

151

(1)

Ethics & the Law

152

(1)

Extortion and Blackmail

152

(1)

Corrupt Influence

153

(1)

Counterfeiting

153

(1)

Forgery

153

(1)

Perjury

154

(1)

False Claims and Pretenses

154

(1)

Bad Checks

155

(1)

Credit Card Crimes

155

(1)

Embezzlement

156

(1)

Obstruction of Justice: Sarbanes-Oxley

156

(1)

Corporate Fraud: Sarbanes-Oxley

156

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

157

(1)

The Common Law Crimes

157

(6)

Thinking Things Through

158

(5)

Criminal Law and the Computer

163

(1)

What Is a Computer Crime?

163

(1)

The Computer as Victim

163

(1)

Unauthorized Use of Computers

164

(1)

Computer Raiding

164

(1)

Diverted Delivery by Computer

164

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

165

(1)

Economic Espionage by Computer

165

(1)

Electronic Fund Transfer Crimes

166

(1)

Circumventing Copyright Protection Devices via Computer

166

(1)

Spamming

166

(1)

Criminal Procedure Rights for Businesses

167

(1)

Fourth Amendment Rights for Businesses

167

(1)

Fifth Amendment Self-Incrimination Rights for Businesses

168

(1)

Due Process Rights for Businesses

169

(5)

Torts

174

(21)

General Principles

175

(1)

What Is a Tort?

175

(1)

Tort and Crime Distinguished

176

(1)

The Types of Torts

176

(1)

Intentional Torts

177

(1)

False Imprisonment

177

(1)

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

178

(1)

Invasion of Privacy

178

(2)

Thinking Things Through

179

(1)

Defamation

180

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

180

(2)

Product Disparagement

182

(1)

Wrongful Interference with Contracts

182

(1)

Spoliation of Evidence

183

(1)

Trespass

183

(1)

Ethics & the Law

184

(1)

Negligence

184

(1)

Elements of Negligence

184

(3)

Defenses to Negligence

187

(1)

Liability for Negligence

188

(1)

Strict Liability

189

(1)

What Is Strict Liability?

190

(1)

Imposing Strict Liability

190

(1)

Tort Reform

190

(5)

Thinking Things Through

191

(4)

Intellectual Property Rights and the Internet

195

(25)

Trademarks and Service Marks

196

(1)

Introduction

196

(1)

Registrable Marks

197

(2)

Trade Dress Protection

199

(1)

Limited Lanham Act Protection of Product Design

200

(1)

Injunction against Improper Use of Mark

200

(1)

Abandonment of Exclusive Right to Mark

201

(1)

Prevention of Dilution of Famous Marks

201

(1)

Internet Domain Names and Trademark Rights

202

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

203

(1)

Copyrights

204

(1)

Duration of Copyright

204

(1)

205

(1)

What Is Copyrightable?

206

(1)

206

(1)

Rights of Copyright Holders

206

(1)

Limitation on Exclusive Character of Copyright

207

(1)

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

208

(1)

Patents

208

(1)

Types, Duration, and Notice

208

(1)

Patentability and Exclusive Rights

209

(1)

Patentable Internet Business Methods

210

(1)

Secret Business Information

211

(1)

Trade Secrets

211

(1)

Loss of Protection

211

(1)

Defensive Measures

212

(1)

Criminal Sanctions

212

(1)

Protection of Computer Software and Mask Works

212

(1)

212

(1)

Patent Protection of Programs

213

(1)

Trade Secrets

213

(1)

Restrictive Licensing

213

(1)

Semiconductor Chip Protection

214

(1)

Ethics & the Law

215

(5)

Cyberlaw

220

(23)

Introduction to Cyberlaw

221

(1)

What Is Cyberlaw?

221

(2)

What Are the Issues in Cyberlaw?

223

(1)

Tort Issues in Cyberspace

223

(1)

Privacy Issues in Cyberlaw

223

(4)

Thinking Things Through

226

(1)

Ethics & the Law

227

(1)

Appropriation in Cyberspace

228

(1)

Defamation in Cyberspace

229

(1)

Contract Issues in Cyberspace

230

(1)

Formation of Contracts in Cyberspace

230

(1)

Misrepresentation and Fraud in Cyberspace

231

(1)

Intellectual Property Issues in Cyberspace

232

(2)

Criminal Law Issues in Cyberspace

234

(1)

Nature and Types of Cyberspace Crimes

234

(1)

Criminal Procedure and Rights in Cyberspace

235

(1)

Constitutional Restraints and Protections in Cyberspace

235

(1)

First Amendment Rights in Cyberspace

236

(1)

Commerce Clause Issues in Cyberspace

236

(1)

Due Process Issues in Cyberspace

237

(1)

Securities Law Issues in Cyberspace

238

(1)

Ethics & the Law

238

(5)

PART 2 CONTRACTS

243

(158)

Nature and Classes of Contracts: Contracting on the Internet

244

(14)

Nature of Contracts

245

(1)

Definition of a Contract

245

(1)

Elements of a Contract

246

(1)

Subject Matter of Contracts

246

(1)

Parties to a Contract

246

(1)

How a Contract Arises

247

(1)

Intent to Make a Binding Agreement

247

(1)

Freedom of Contract

247

(1)

Classes of Contracts

247

(1)

Formal and Informal Contracts

247

(1)

Express and Implied Contracts

248

(1)

Valid and Voidable Contracts and Void Agreements

248

(1)

Executed and Executory Contracts

249

(1)

Bilateral and Unilateral Contracts

249

(2)

Quasi Contracts

251

(3)

Thinking Things Through

253

(1)

Contracting on the Internet

254

(4)

Formation of Contracts: Offer and Acceptance

258

(20)

Requirements of an Offer

259

(1)

Contractual Intention

259

(1)

Definiteness

260

(5)

Thinking Things Through

261

(4)

Communication of Offer to Offeree

265

(1)

Termination of Offer

265

(1)

Revocation of Offer by Offeror

266

(1)

Counteroffer by Offeree

267

(1)

Rejection of Offer by Offeree

267

(1)

Lapse of Time

267

(1)

Death or Disability of Either Party

268

(1)

Subsequent Illegality

268

(1)

Acceptance of Offer

268

(1)

What Constitutes an Acceptance?

268

(1)

Privilege of Offeree

268

(1)

Effect of Acceptance

268

(1)

Nature of Acceptance

269

(1)

Who May Accept?

269

(1)

Manner and Time of Acceptance

270

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

270

(2)

Communication of Acceptance

272

(2)

Auction Sales

274

(1)

Ethics & the Law

274

(4)

Capacity and Genuine Assent

278

(20)

Contractual Capacity

279

(1)

Contractual Capacity Defined

279

(1)

Minors

280

(3)

Mentally Incompetent Persons

283

(1)

Intoxicated Persons

284

(1)

Ethics & The Law

285

(1)

Mistake

285

(1)

Unilateral Mistake

285

(2)

Mutual Mistake

287

(1)

Mistake in the Transcription or Printing of the Contract: Reformation

287

(1)

Deception

288

(1)

Intentional Misrepresentation

288

(1)

Fraud

288

(3)

Nondisclosure

291

(1)

Pressure

292

(1)

Undue Influence

292

(1)

Duress

293

(5)

Consideration

298

(14)

General Principles

299

(1)

Consideration Defined and Explained

299

(1)

Gifts

300

(1)

Adequacy of Consideration

300

(1)

Forbearance as Consideration

301

(1)

Illusory Promises

302

(1)

Third Parties

303

(1)

Special Situations

303

(1)

Preexisting Legal Obligation

303

(2)

Past Consideration

305

(1)

Moral Obligation

306

(1)

Ethics & the Law

306

(1)

Exceptions to the Laws of Consideration

306

(1)

Exceptions to Consideration

307

(5)

Legality and Public Policy

312

(15)

General Principles

313

(1)

Effect of Illegality

313

(1)

Exceptions to Effect of Illegality

314

(1)

Partial Illegality

314

(1)

Crimes and Civil Wrongs

315

(1)

Good Faith and Fairness

315

(1)

Unconscionable Clauses

315

(2)

Agreements Affecting Public Welfare

317

(1)

Agreements Contrary to Public Policy

317

(2)

Thinking Things Through

318

(1)

Gambling, Wagers, and Lotteries

319

(1)

Regulation of Business

319

(1)

Effect of Violation

319

(1)

Statutory Regulation of Contracts

320

(1)

Licensed Callings or Dealings

320

(1)

Contracts in Restraint of Trade

320

(1)

Agreements Not to Compete

320

(2)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

322

(1)

Ethics & the Law

322

(1)

Usurious Agreements

323

(4)

Thinking Things Through

323

(4)

Writing, Electronic Forms, and Interpretation of Contracts

327

(21)

Statute of Frauds

328

(1)

Validity of Oral Contracts

328

(1)

Contracts That Must Be Evidenced by a Writing

329

(4)

Note or Memorandum

333

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

334

(2)

Effect of Noncompliance

336

(1)

Parol Evidence Rule

337

(1)

Exclusion of Parol Evidence

337

(1)

When the Parol Evidence Rule Does Not Apply

338

(1)

Rules of Construction and Interpretation

339

(1)

Intention of the Parties

339

(1)

Ethics & The Law

340

(1)

Whole Contract

341

(1)

Contradictory and Ambiguous Terms

341

(2)

Implied Terms

343

(1)

Conduct and Custom

343

(1)

Avoidance of Hardship

344

(4)

Third Persons and Contracts

348

(16)

Third-Party Beneficiary Contracts

349

(1)

Definition

349

(1)

Modification or Termination of Intended Third-Party Beneficiary Contract

350

(1)

Limitations on Intended Third-Party Beneficiary

351

(1)

Incidental Beneficiaries

351

(1)

Ethics & The Law

352

(1)

Assignments

352

(1)

Definitions

352

(1)

Form of Assignment

353

(1)

Notice of Assignment

353

(1)

Assignment of Right to Money

354

(2)

Nonassignable Rights

356

(1)

Rights of Assignee

356

(1)

Continuing Liability of Assignor

357

(1)

Liability of Assignee

357

(1)

Warranties of Assignor

358

(1)

Delegation of Duties

359

(5)

Discharge of Contracts

364

(18)

Conditions Relating to Performance

365

(1)

Classifications of Conditions

365

(1)

Ethics & the Law

366

(1)

Discharge by Performance

367

(1)

Normal Discharge of Contracts

367

(1)

Nature of Performance

367

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

368

(1)

Time of Performance

368

(2)

Adequacy of Performance

370

(2)

Discharge by Action of Parties

372

(1)

Discharge by Unilateral Action

372

(1)

Discharge by Agreement

372

(1)

Discharge by External Causes

373

(1)

Discharge by Impossibility

373

(2)

Developing Doctrines

375

(2)

Temporary Impossibility

377

(1)

Discharge by Operation of Law

378

(4)

Breach of Contract and Remedies

382

(19)

What Constitutes a Breach of Contract?

383

(1)

Definition of Breach

383

(1)

Anticipatory Breach

383

(2)

Ethics & The Law

385

(1)

Waiver of Breach

386

(1)

Cure of Breach by Waiver

386

(1)

Existence and Scope of Waiver

386

(1)

Reservation of Rights

387

(1)

Remedies for Breach of Contract

388

(1)

Remedies upon Anticipatory Repudiation

388

(1)

Remedies in General and the Measure of Damages

388

(1)

Monetary Damages

388

(3)

Rescission

391

(1)

Action for Specific Performance

391

(1)

Action for an Injunction

392

(1)

Reformation of Contract by a Court

392

(2)

Contract Provisions Affecting Remedies and Damages

394

(1)

Limitation of Remedies

394

(1)

Liquidated Damages

394

(1)

Limitation of Liability Clauses

395

(6)

PART 3 SALES AND LEASES OF GOODS

401

(150)

Personal Property and Bailments

402

(19)

Personal Property

403

(1)

Personal Property in Context

403

(1)

Title to Personal Property

404

(1)

Gifts

404

(5)

Finding of Lost Property

409

(1)

Occupation of Personal Property

409

(1)

Escheat

410

(1)

Multiple Ownership of Personal Property

411

(2)

Community Property

413

(1)

Bailments

413

(1)

Definition

413

(1)

Elements of Bailment

413

(1)

Nature of the Parties' Interests

414

(1)

Classification of Ordinary Bailments

414

(1)

Renting of Space Distinguished

415

(1)

Duties and Rights of the Bailee

415

(1)

Breach of Duty of Care: Burden of Proof

416

(1)

Liability for Defects in Bailed Property

417

(1)

Contract Modification of Liability

417

(4)

Legal Aspects of Supply Chain Management

421

(19)

Warehousers

422

(1)

Definitions

422

(1)

Rights and Duties of Warehousers

422

(1)

Warehouse Receipts

423

(1)

Rights of Holders of Warehouse Receipts

423

(2)

Field Warehousing

425

(1)

Limitation of Liability of Warehouser

426

(1)

Common Carriers

427

(1)

Definitions

427

(1)

Bills of Lading

427

(2)

Rights of Common Carrier

429

(1)

Duties of Common Carrier

429

(1)

Liabilities of Common Carrier

430

(2)

Ethics & the Law

432

(1)

Factors and Consignments

433

(1)

Definitions

433

(1)

Effect of Factor Transaction

433

(1)

Hotelkeepers

433

(1)

Definitions

433

(1)

Duration of Guest Relationship

434

(1)

Hotelkeeper's Liability for Guest's Property

434

(1)

Hotelkeeper's Lien

435

(1)

Boarders or Lodgers

435

(5)

Nature and Form of Sales

440

(28)

Nature and Legality

442

(1)

Subject Matter of Sales

442

(1)

Sale Distinguished from Other Transactions

442

(2)

Formation of Sales Contracts

444

(6)

Terms in the Formed Contract

450

(3)

Bulk Transfers

453

(1)

Form of Sales Contract

453

(1)

Amount

453

(1)

Nature of the Writing Required

453

(2)

Effect of Noncompliance

455

(1)

Exceptions to Requirement of a Writing

455

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

456

(2)

Thinking Things Through

457

(1)

Noncode Requirements

458

(1)

Ethics & the Law

458

(1)

Bill of Sale

459

(1)

Uniform Law for International Sales

459

(1)

Scope of the CISG

459

(1)

Irrevocable Offers

459

(1)

Statute of Frauds

460

(1)

The Mirror-Image Rule Returns under CISG

460

(1)

Leases of Goods

460

(1)

Types of Leases

461

(1)

Form of Lease Contract

461

(1)

Warranties

461

(2)

Irrevocable Promises: Commercial Finance Leases

463

(1)

Default

463

(5)

Title and Risk of Loss

468

(21)

Types of Potential Problems and Transactions

470

(1)

Damage to Goods

470

(1)

Creditors' Claims

470

(1)

Insurance

470

(1)

Determining Rights: Identification of Goods

470

(1)

Existing Goods

471

(1)

Future Goods

471

(1)

Fungible Goods

471

(1)

Effect of Identification

471

(1)

Determining Rights: Passage of Title

472

(1)

Passage of Title Using Documents of Title

472

(1)

Passage of Title in Nonshipment Contracts

473

(1)

Passage of Title in Warehouse Arrangements

473

(1)

Passage of Title in Bailments and Other Forms of Possession

473

(2)

Delivery and Shipment Terms

475

(1)

Passage of Title in Shipment Contracts

476

(2)

Determining Rights: Risk of Loss

478

(1)

Risk of Loss in Nonshipment Contracts

478

(1)

Risk of Loss in Shipment Contracts

479

(1)

Damage to or Destruction of Goods

479

(1)

Effect of Seller's Breach in Risk of Loss

480

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

481

(1)

Determining Rights: Special Situations

481

(1)

Returnable Goods Transactions

481

(2)

Consignments and Factors

483

(1)

Self-Service Stores

483

(1)

Auction Sales

484

(5)

Product Liability: Warranties and Torts

489

(25)

General Principles

490

(1)

Theories of Liability

490

(1)

Nature of Harm

491

(1)

Who Is Liable in Product Liability

491

(2)

Express Warranties

493

(1)

Definition of Express Warranty

493

(1)

Form of Express Warranty

494

(1)

Time of Making Express Warranty

494

(1)

Seller's Opinion or Statement of Value

494

(1)

Warranty of Conformity to Description, Sample, or Model

495

(1)

Federal Regulation of Express Warranties

495

(1)

Effect of Breach of Express Warranty

496

(1)

Implied Warranties

496

(1)

Definition of Implied Warranty

497

(1)

Implied Warranties of Sellers

497

(1)

Additional Implied Warranties of Merchant Sellers

498

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

499

(1)

Implied Warranties in Particular Sales

500

(1)

Necessity of Defect

501

(1)

Warranties in the International Sale of Goods

502

(1)

Disclaimer of Warranties

502

(1)

Validity of Disclaimer

502

(2)

Particular Language for Disclaimers

504

(1)

Exclusion of Warranties by Examination of Goods

504

(1)

Postsale Disclaimer

504

(1)

Other Theories of Product Liability

504

(1)

Negligence

505

(1)

Fraud

505

(1)

Strict Tort Liability

506

(1)

Cumulative Theories of Liability

507

(1)

Ethics & the Law

508

(6)

Thinking Things Through

509

(5)

Obligations and Performance

514

(17)

General Principles

515

(1)

Obligation of Good Faith

515

(1)

Time Requirements of Obligations

515

(1)

Repudiation of the Contract

515

(1)

Adequate Assurance of Performance

516

(1)

Duties of the Parties

517

(1)

Seller's Duty to Deliver

517

(1)

Buyer's Duty upon Receipt of Goods

518

(3)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

521

(1)

Buyer's Duty to Accept Goods

521

(2)

Buyer's Duty to Pay

523

(1)

Ethics & the Law

524

(1)

When Duties Are Excused

524

(1)

Ethics & The Law

525

(6)

Thinking Things Through

526

(5)

Remedies for Breach of Sales Contracts

531

(20)

Statute of Limitations

532

(1)

Time Limits for Suits under the UCC

532

(1)

Time Limits for Other Suits

533

(1)

Remedies of the Seller

533

(1)

Seller's Lien

533

(1)

Seller's Remedy of Stopping Shipment

534

(1)

Resale by Seller

534

(1)

Cancellation by Seller

535

(1)

Seller's Action for Damages under the Market Price Formula

535

(1)

Seller's Action for Lost Profits

535

(1)

Other Types of Damages

535

(1)

Seller's Action for the Purchase Price

536

(1)

Seller's Nonsale Remedies

536

(1)

Remedies of the Buyer

536

(1)

Rejection of Improper Tender

536

(1)

Revocation of Acceptance

537

(1)

Buyer's Action for Damages for Nondelivery---Market Price Recovery

537

(1)

Buyer's Action for Damages for Nondelivery---Cover Price Recovery

538

(1)

Other Types of Damages

538

(1)

Action for Breach of Warranty

539

(1)

Cancellation by Buyer

540

(1)

Buyer's Resale of Goods

540

(1)

Action for Specific Performance

541

(1)

Nonsale Remedies of the Buyer

541

(1)

Contract Provisions on Remedies

541

(1)

Limitation of Damages

542

(1)

Ethics & the Law

543

(1)

Down Payments and Deposits

544

(1)

Limitation of Remedies

544

(1)

Thinking Things Through

544

(1)

Waiver of Defenses

545

(1)

Preservation of Defenses

545

(1)

Remedies in the International Sale of Goods

545

(1)

Remedies of the Seller

545

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

545

(1)

Remedies of the Buyer

546

(5)

PART 4 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS

551

(84)

Kinds of Instruments, Parties, and Negotiability

552

(17)

Types of Negotiable Instruments and Parties

553

(1)

Definition

553

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

554

(1)

Kinds of Instruments

554

(1)

Parties to Instruments

555

(1)

Negotiability

556

(1)

Definition of Negotiability

557

(1)

Requirements of Negotiability

557

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

557

(2)

Ethics & the Law

559

(5)

Factors Not Affecting Negotiability

564

(1)

Ambiguous Language

564

(1)

Statute of Limitations

564

(5)

Transfers of Negotiable Instruments and Warranties of Parties

569

(20)

Transfer of Negotiable Instruments

570

(1)

Effect of Transfer

570

(1)

Definition of Negotiation

571

(1)

How Negotiation Occurs: The Order or Bearer Character of an Instrument

571

(1)

How Negotiation Occurs: Bearer Instruments

571

(2)

How Negotiation Occurs: Order Instruments

573

(1)

Blank Indorsement

573

(1)

Special Indorsement

574

(1)

Qualified Indorsement

574

(1)

Restrictive Indorsement

575

(1)

Correction of Name by Indorsement

576

(1)

Bank Indorsement

576

(1)

Multiple Payees and Indorsements

576

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

577

(1)

Agent or Officer Indorsement

578

(1)

Missing Indorsement

578

(1)

Thinking Things Through

579

(1)

Problems in Negotiation of Instruments

579

(1)

Forged and Unauthorized Indorsements

579

(1)

Quasi Forgeries: The Imposter Rule

579

(2)

Ethics & The Law

581

(1)

Effect of Incapacity or Misconduct on Negotiation

582

(1)

Lost Instruments

582

(1)

Warranties in Negotiation

583

(1)

Warranties of Unqualified Indorser

583

(1)

Warranties of Other Parties

584

(5)

Liability of the Parties Under Negotiable Instruments

589

(19)

Parties to Negotiable Instruments: Rights and Liabilities

590

(1)

Types of Parties

590

(1)

Ordinary Holders and Assignees

591

(1)

The Holder-in-Due-Course Protections

591

(5)

Ethics & the Law

596

(1)

Defenses to Payment of a Negotiable Instrument

597

(1)

Classification of Defenses

597

(1)

Defenses against Assignee or Ordinary Holder

597

(1)

Limited Defenses Not Available against a Holder in Due Course

597

(1)

Universal Defenses Available against All Holders

598

(4)

Thinking Things Through

600

(2)

Denial of Holder-in-Due-Course Protection

602

(1)

Liability Issues: How Payment Rights Arise and Defenses are Used

603

(1)

The Role of Parties and Liability

603

(1)

Attaching Liability of the Primary Parties: Presentment

603

(1)

Dishonor and Notice of Dishonor

603

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

604

(4)

Checks and Funds Transfers

608

(27)

Checks

610

(1)

Nature of a Check

610

(2)

Certified Checks

612

(1)

Presentment for Obtaining Payment on a Check

612

(2)

Dishonor of a Check

614

(1)

The Customer-Bank Relationship

614

(2)

Stopping Payment of a Check

616

(1)

Wrongful Dishonor of a Check

617

(1)

Agency Status of Collecting Bank

618

(1)

Bank's Duty of Care

618

(1)

Liability of a Bank

619

(1)

Premature Payment of a Postdated Check

619

(1)

Payment over a Stop Payment Order

619

(1)

Payment on a Forged Signature of Drawer

620

(1)

Payment on a Forged or Missing Indorsement

620

(1)

Alteration of a Check

621

(1)

Unauthorized Collection of a Check

621

(1)

Time Limitations

622

(1)

Consumer Funds Transfers

623

(1)

Electronic Funds Transfer Act

623

(1)

Kinds of Electronic Funds Transfer Systems

623

(1)

Consumer Liability

624

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

625

(1)

Funds Transfers

625

(1)

What Law Governs?

626

(1)

Characteristics of Funds Transfers

626

(1)

Pattern of Funds Transfers

626

(1)

Scope of UCC Article 4A

626

(1)

Ethics & the Law

627

(1)

Definitions

627

(1)

Form of Payment Order

628

(1)

Manner of Transmitting Payment Order

628

(1)

Security Procedure

628

(1)

Regulation by Agreement and Funds Transfer System Rules

629

(1)

Acceptance of Payment Order

629

(1)

Reimbursement of the Bank

630

(1)

Refund on Noncompletion of Transfer

630

(1)

Error in Funds Transfer

630

(1)

Liability for Loss

631

(4)

PART 5 Debtor-Creditor Relationships

635

(114)

Nature of the Debtor-Creditor Relationship

636

(17)

Creation of the Credit Relationship

637

(1)

Suretyship and Guaranty

637

(1)

Definitions

638

(1)

Indemnity Contract Distinguished

638

(1)

Creation of the Relationship

638

(1)

Rights of Sureties

639

(1)

Thinking Things Through

640

(1)

Defenses of Sureties

640

(3)

Letters of Credit

643

(1)

Ethics & The Law

644

(1)

Definition

644

(3)

Parties

647

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

648

(1)

Duration

648

(1)

Form

648

(1)

Duty of Issuer

648

(1)

Reimbursement of Issuer

649

(4)

Consumer Protection

653

(26)

General Principles

654

(1)

Expansion of Protection

654

(1)

Proof of Consumer Status

655

(1)

Who Is Liable under Consumer Protection Statutes?

655

(1)

Fault of the Business

656

(1)

Consumer Fault

656

(1)

Consumer Remedies

656

(2)

Civil and Criminal Penalties

658

(1)

Areas of Consumer Protection

659

(1)

Advertising

659

(1)

Seals of Approval

660

(1)

Labeling

660

(1)

Selling Methods

661

(3)

The Consumer Contract

664

(1)

Ethics & the Law

665

(1)

Credit Cards

666

(1)

Payments

667

(1)

Preservation of Consumer Defenses

667

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

668

(1)

Product Safety

668

(1)

Credit, Collection, and Billing Methods

668

(3)

Thinking Things Through

671

(1)

Protection of Credit Standing and Reputation

671

(2)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

673

(1)

New Consumer Protections

674

(5)

Secured Transactions in Personal Property

679

(26)

Creation of Secured Transactions

680

(1)

Definitions

681

(1)

Creation of a Security Interest

681

(2)

Purchase Money Security Interest

683

(1)

The Nature and Classification of Collateral

683

(2)

Perfection of Secured Transactions

685

(1)

Perfection by Creditor's Possession

685

(1)

Perfection for Consumer Goods

685

(1)

Perfection for Health Care Insurance Receivables

685

(1)

Automatic Perfection

686

(1)

Temporary Perfection

686

(1)

Perfection by Control

686

(1)

Perfection for Motor Vehicles

686

(1)

Perfection by Filing a Financing Statement

687

(3)

Loss of Perfection

690

(1)

Rights of Parties Before Default

691

(1)

Status of Creditor before Default

691

(1)

Status of Debtor before Default

691

(1)

Statement of Account

691

(1)

Termination Statements

691

(1)

Correction Statements

692

(1)

Priorities

692

(1)

Unsecured Party versus Unsecured Party

692

(1)

Secured Party versus Unsecured Party

692

(1)

Secured Party versus Secured Party

693

(1)

Perfected Secured Party versus Secured Party

693

(1)

Perfected Secured Party versus Perfected Secured Party

693

(2)

Secured Party versus Buyer of Collateral from Debtor

695

(2)

Rights of Parties After Default

697

(1)

Creditor's Possession and Disposition of Collateral

697

(1)

Creditor's Retention of Collateral

698

(1)

Thinking Things Through

699

(1)

Ethics & the Law

699

(1)

Debtor's Right of Redemption

699

(1)

Disposition of Collateral

700

(1)

Postdisposition Accounting

700

(5)

Bankruptcy

705

(23)

Bankruptcy Law

706

(1)

The Federal Law

706

(1)

Kinds of Bankruptcy Proceedings

707

(1)

How Bankruptcy Is Declared

707

(1)

Declaration of Voluntary Bankruptcy

707

(1)

Declaration of Involuntary Bankruptcy

708

(1)

Automatic Stay

708

(1)

If the Creditors Are Wrong: Rights of Debtor in an Involuntary Bankruptcy

709

(1)

Administration of the Bankruptcy Estate

709

(1)

The Order of Relief

710

(1)

List of Creditors

710

(1)

Ethics & the Law

711

(1)

Trustee in Bankruptcy

712

(1)

The Bankrupt's Estate

712

(1)

Voidable Transfers

713

(1)

Proof of Claim

714

(1)

Priority of Claims

714

(1)

Debtor's Duties and Exemptions

715

(1)

Debtor's Duties

715

(1)

Debtor's Exemptions

716

(1)

Debtor's Protection against Discrimination

716

(1)

Discharge in Bankruptcy

716

(1)

Denial of Discharge

717

(4)

Reorganization Plans under Chapter 11

721

(1)

Contents of the Plan

721

(1)

Confirmation of the Plan

721

(1)

Payment Plans under Chapter 13

721

(1)

Contents of the Plan

722

(1)

Confirmation of the Plan

722

(1)

Discharge of the Debtor

722

(6)

Thinking Things Through

722

(6)

Insurance

728

(21)

The Insurance Contract

729

(1)

The Parties

729

(1)

Insurable Interest

729

(2)

The Contract

731

(1)

Antilapse and Cancellation Statutes and Provisions

731

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

732

(1)

Modification of Contract

732

(1)

Interpretation of Contract

732

(1)

Ethics & the Law

733

(1)

Burden of Proof

734

(1)

Insurer Bad Faith

734

(1)

Time Limitations on Insured

735

(1)

Subrogation of Insurer

735

(1)

Ethics & the Law

736

(1)

Kinds of Insurance

737

(1)

Business Liability Insurance

737

(2)

Marine Insurance

739

(1)

Fire and Homeowners Insurance

740

(1)

Automobile Insurance

741

(1)

Life Insurance

742

(7)

PART 6 AGENCY AND EMPLOYMENT

749

(100)

Agency

750

(23)

Nature of the Agency Relationship

751

(1)

Definitions and Distinctions

752

(2)

Classification of Agents

754

(1)

Agency Coupled with an Interest

754

(1)

Creating the Agency

754

(1)

Authorization by Appointment

754

(1)

Authorization by Conduct

755

(1)

Agency by Ratification

755

(1)

Proving the Agency Relationship

756

(1)

Agent's Authority

757

(1)

Scope of Agent's Authority

757

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

758

(1)

Effect of Proper Exercise of Authority

759

(1)

Duty to Ascertain Extent of Agent's Authority

759

(1)

Limitations on Agent's Authority

759

(1)

Ethics & the Law

760

(1)

Duties and Liabilities of Principal and Agent

761

(1)

Duties and Liabilities of Agent during Agency

761

(2)

Duties and Liabilities of Agent after Termination of Agency

763

(1)

Duties and Liabilities of Principal to Agent

763

(2)

Termination of Agency

765

(1)

Termination by Act of Parties

765

(1)

Termination by Operation of Law

765

(1)

Disability of the Principal under the UDPAA

766

(1)

Termination of Agency Coupled with an Interest

767

(1)

Protection of Agent from Termination of Authority

767

(1)

Effect of Termination of Authority

767

(6)

Third Persons in Agency

773

(20)

Liability of Agent to Third Person

774

(1)

Action of Authorized Agent of Disclosed Principal

774

(1)

Unauthorized Action

775

(1)

Disclosure of Principal

775

(2)

Assumption of Liability

777

(1)

Execution of Contract

777

(1)

Torts and Crimes

778

(1)

Ethics & the Law

778

(1)

Liability of Principal to Third Person

779

(1)

Agent's Contracts

779

(1)

Payment to Agent

780

(1)

Agent's Statements

781

(1)

Agent's Knowledge

781

(1)

Liability of Principal for Torts and Crimes of Agent

781

(1)

Vicarious Liability for Torts and Crimes

781

(2)

Negligent Hiring and Retention of Employees

783

(3)

Negligent Supervision and Training

786

(1)

Agent's Crimes

786

(1)

Owner's Liability for Acts of an Independent Contractor

786

(2)

Enforcement of Claim by Third Person

788

(1)

Transactions with Sales Personnel

788

(1)

Soliciting and Contracting Agents

789

(4)

Regulation of Employment

793

(33)

The Employment Relationship

795

(1)

Characteristics of Relationship

795

(1)

Creation of Employment Relationship

795

(1)

Duration and Termination of Employment Contract

796

(2)

Duties of the Employee

798

(1)

Rights of the Employee

798

(1)

Ethics & the Law

799

(2)

Labor Relations Laws

801

(1)

The National Labor Relations Act

801

(1)

National Labor Relations Board

801

(2)

Election Conduct

803

(1)

Union Activity on Private Property

803

(1)

Ethics & The Law

804

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

805

(1)

Firing Employees for Union Activity

805

(2)

Duty of Employer to Bargain Collectively

807

(1)

Right to Work

807

(1)

Strike and Picketing Activity

807

(1)

Regulation of Internal Union Affairs

808

(1)

Pension Plans and Federal Regulation

809

(1)

Erisa

809

(2)

Unemployment Benefits, Family Leaves, and Social Security

811

(1)

Unemployment Compensation

811

(1)

Family and Medical Leaves of Absence

812

(1)

Social Security

813

(1)

Employees' Health and Safety

813

(1)

Standards

813

(1)

Thinking Things Through

814

(1)

Employer Duties

814

(1)

Enforcement

814

(2)

State ``Right-to-Know'' Legislation

816

(1)

Compensation for Employees' Injuries

816

(1)

Common Law Status of Employer

816

(1)

Statutory Changes

816

(2)

Employee Privacy

818

(1)

Source of Privacy Rights

818

(1)

Monitoring Employee Telephone Conversations

818

(1)

E-Mail Monitoring

819

(1)

Property Searches

819

(1)

Drug and Alcohol Testing

820

(1)

Employer-Related Immigration Laws

820

(1)

Employer Liability

820

(1)

Employer Verification and Special Hiring Programs

820

(6)

Thinking Things Through

821

(5)

Equal Employment Opportunity Law

826

(23)

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as Amended

827

(1)

Theories of Discrimination

827

(1)

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

828

(1)

Protected Classes and Exceptions

829

(1)

Race and Color

829

(2)

Religion

831

(1)

Sex

832

(1)

Sexual Harassment

832

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

833

(2)

National Origin

835

(1)

Title VII Exceptions

835

(2)

Affirmative Action and Reverse Discrimination

837

(1)

Ethics & the Law

838

(1)

Other Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws

839

(1)

Equal Pay

839

(1)

Age Discrimination

839

(1)

Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

840

(5)

Thinking Things Through

844

(1)

Extraterritorial Employment

845

(4)

PART 7 Business Organizations

849

(170)

Types of Business Organizations

850

(15)

Principal Forms of Business Organizations

851

(1)

Individual Proprietorships

851

(1)

Partnerships, LLPs, and LLCs

851

(1)

Corporations

852

(1)

Specialized Forms of Organizations

853

(1)

Joint Ventures

853

(1)

Unincorporated Associations

853

(1)

Cooperatives

854

(1)

The Franchise Business Format

855

(1)

Definition and Types of Franchises

855

(1)

The Franchise Agreement

856

(1)

Special Protections under Federal Laws

857

(1)

Disclosure

858

(1)

Vicarious Liability Claims against Franchisors

859

(6)

Thinking Things Through

860

(5)

Partnerships

865

(27)

Nature and Creation

866

(1)

Definition

867

(1)

Characteristics of a Partnership

867

(1)

Rights of Partners

868

(1)

Partnership Agreement

868

(1)

Ethics & The Law

868

(3)

Determining the Existence of a Partnership

871

(2)

Partners as to Third Persons

873

(1)

Partnership Property

874

(1)

Tenancy in Partnership

874

(1)

Assignment of a Partner's Interest

874

(1)

Authority of Partners

875

(1)

Authority of Majority of Partners

875

(1)

Express Authority of Individual Partners

876

(1)

Customary Authority of Individual Partners

876

(1)

Limitations on Authority

877

(1)

Prohibited Transactions

877

(2)

Duties, Rights, and Liabilities of Partners

879

(1)

Duties of Partners

879

(1)

Rights of Partners as Owners

880

(1)

Liability of Partners and Partnership

881

(1)

Enforcement and Satisfaction of Creditors' Claims

882

(1)

Dissolution and Termination

883

(1)

Effect of Dissolution

883

(1)

Dissolution by Act of the Parties

883

(1)

Dissolution by Operation of Law

884

(1)

Dissolution by Decree of Court

884

(1)

Application under the RUPA

884

(1)

Notice of Dissolution

885

(1)

Winding Up Partnership Affairs

886

(1)

Distribution of Assets

886

(1)

Continuation of Partnership Business

887

(5)

LPs, LLCs, and LLPs

892

(15)

The Arrival of Partnership Limited Liability

893

(1)

Limited Partnerships

893

(1)

Formation of Limited Partnerships

893

(1)

Characteristics of Limited Partnerships

894

(2)

Limited Liability Companies

896

(1)

Characteristics of LLCs

896

(6)

LLCs and Other Entities

902

(1)

Limited Liability Partnerships

902

(1)

Extent of Limited Liability

902

(1)

Registration and Usage

903

(1)

Ethics & The Law

903

(4)

Corporation Formation

907

(20)

Nature and Classes

908

(1)

The Corporation as a Person

908

(1)

Classifications of Corporations

909

(1)

Corporations and Governments

910

(1)

Corporate Powers

911

(1)

Particular Powers

911

(2)

Ultra Vires Acts

913

(1)

Creation and Termination of the Corporation

914

(1)

Promoters

914

(1)

Incorporation

915

(1)

Application for Incorporation

915

(1)

The Certificate of Incorporation

915

(1)

Proper and Defective Incorporation

916

(1)

Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Reorganization

917

(1)

Forfeiture of Charter

917

(1)

Judicial Dissolution

918

(1)

Consolidations, Mergers, and Conglomerates

919

(1)

Definitions

919

(2)

Legality

921

(1)

Liability of Successor Corporations

921

(1)

Ethics & The Law

922

(5)

Shareholder Rights in Corporations

927

(23)

Corporate Stocks and Bonds

928

(1)

Nature of Stock

928

(1)

Certificates of Stock and Uncertificated Shares

929

(1)

Kinds of Stock

929

(1)

Characteristics of Bonds

930

(1)

Terms and Control

930

(1)

Acquisition of Shares

931

(1)

Nature of Acquisition

931

(1)

Statute of Frauds

931

(1)

Subscription

931

(1)

Transfer of Shares

932

(1)

Mechanics of Transfer

933

(1)

Effect of Transfer

933

(2)

Lost, Destroyed, and Stolen Share Certificates

935

(1)

Rights of Shareholders

935

(1)

Ownership Rights

935

(1)

Right to Vote

936

(1)

Preemptive Offer of Shares

937

(1)

Inspection of Books

937

(2)

Dividends

939

(1)

Capital Distribution

940

(1)

Shareholders' Actions

940

(2)

Thinking Things Through

941

(1)

Liability of Shareholders

942

(1)

Limited Liability

942

(1)

Ignoring the Corporate Entity

942

(2)

Other Exceptions to Limited Liability

944

(1)

The Professional Corporation

945

(5)

Securities Regulation

950

(25)

State Regulation

951

(1)

State Blue Sky Laws

951

(1)

National Securities Markets Improvement Act

951

(1)

Federal Regulation

952

(1)

Federal Laws Regulating the Securities Industry

952

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

953

(1)

Definition of Security

953

(2)

Thinking Things Through

954

(1)

Securities Act of 1933

955

(4)

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

959

(5)

Trading on Insider Information

964

(3)

Disclosure of Ownership and Short-Swing Profits

967

(1)

Tender Offers

967

(1)

Regulation of Accountants and Attorneys by the SEC

968

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

969

(1)

Industry Self-Regulation

969

(1)

Arbitration of Securities Disputes

969

(6)

Accountants' Liability and Malpractice

975

(23)

General Principles of Accountants' Liability

976

(1)

What Constitutes Malpractice?

976

(2)

Choice of Remedy

978

(1)

The Environment of Accountants' Malpractice Liability

978

(1)

Limitation of Liability

979

(1)

Accountants' Liability to Third Parties: Beyond Privity

980

(1)

Status of the Accountant

980

(1)

Conflicting Theories of Accountants' Third-Party Liability

980

(4)

Nonliability Parties

984

(2)

Ethics & the Law

986

(1)

Defenses to Accountants' Liability: Contributory and Comparative Negligence of the Client or Third Party

986

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

987

(1)

Thinking Things Through

988

(1)

Accountants' Fraud Malpractice Liability to Third Persons

988

(1)

Ethics & the Law

989

(2)

Sarbanes-Oxley Auditor and Accounting-Related Provisions

991

(1)

Auditor Independence

991

(2)

Audit Committees

993

(1)

Records Retention

993

(5)

Management of Corporations

998

(21)

Shareholders

999

(1)

Extent of Management Control by Shareholders

999

(1)

Meetings of Shareholders

999

(1)

Action without Meeting

1000

(1)

Directors

1000

(1)

Qualifications

1001

(1)

Powers of Directors

1001

(1)

Conflict of Interest

1001

(2)

Meetings of Directors

1003

(1)

Liability of Directors

1003

(3)

Officers, Agents, and Employees

1006

(1)

Powers of Officers

1006

(1)

Liability Relating to Fiduciary Duties

1007

(2)

Agents and Employees

1009

(1)

Liability

1009

(1)

Liability of Management to Third Persons

1009

(1)

Criminal Liability

1009

(1)

Ethics & The Law

1010

(2)

Indemnification of Officers, Directors, Employees, and Agents

1012

(1)

Thinking Things Through

1012

(1)

Liability for Corporate Debts

1013

(1)

Protection of Shareholders

1013

(1)

Civil Liability of the Corporation

1013

(6)

PART 8 Real Property and Estates

1019

(1)

Real Property

1020

(22)

Nature of Real Property

1022

(1)

Land

1022

(1)

Easements

1022

(2)

Thinking Things Through

1023

(1)

Profits

1024

(1)

Licenses

1024

(1)

Liens

1024

(1)

Fixtures

1024

(2)

Nature and Form of Real Property Ownership

1026

(1)

Fee Simple Estate

1027

(1)

Life Estate

1027

(1)

Future Interests

1027

(1)

Liability to Third Persons for Condition of Real Property

1027

(1)

Common Law Rule

1027

(1)

Modern Changes

1028

(1)

Ethics & the Law

1029

(1)

Co-Ownership of Real Property

1029

(1)

Multiple Ownership

1029

(1)

Condominiums

1029

(1)

Transfer of Real Property by Deed

1030

(1)

Definitions

1030

(1)

e-Commerce and Cyberlaw

1031

(1)

Classification of Deeds

1031

(1)

Execution of Deeds

1031

(1)

Delivery and Acceptance of Deeds

1031

(2)

Recording of Deeds

1033

(1)

Additional Protection of Buyers

1034

(1)

Grantor's Warranties

1034

(1)

Grantee's Covenants

1035

(1)

Other Methods of Transferring Real Property

1035

(1)

Eminent Domain

1035

(1)

Adverse Possession

1035

(1)

Mortgages

1036

(1)

Characteristics of a Mortgage

1036

(1)

Property Subject to Mortgage

1036

(1)

Form of Mortgage

1036

(1)

Creative Forms of Financing

1036

(1)

Recording or Filing of Mortgage

1037

(1)

Responsibilities of the Parties

1037

(1)

Transfer of Interest

1037

(1)

Rights of Mortgagee after Default

1038

(1)

Right of Mortgagor after Default

1038

(4)

Environmental Law and Land Use Controls

1042

(18)

Statutory Environmental Law

1043

(1)

Air Pollution Regulation

1043

(1)

Water Pollution Regulation

1044

(1)

Solid Waste Disposal Regulation

1045

(1)

Environmental Quality Regulation

1046

(1)

Other Environmental Regulations

1047

(1)

Thinking Things Through

1048

(1)

State Environmental Regulation

1048

(1)

Enforcement of Environmental Laws

1049

(1)

Parties Responsible for Enforcement

1049

(1)

Criminal Penalties

1049

(1)

Civil Remedies

1049

(1)

Private Remedies: Nuisance

1050

(2)

Private Remedies: Due Diligence

1052

(1)

Land Use Controls

1053

(1)

Restrictive Covenants in Private Contracts

1053

(1)

Public Zoning

1054

(2)

Thinking Things Through

1055

(1)

Ethics & the Law

1056

(4)

Leases

1060

(18)

Creation and Termination

1061

(1)

Definition and Nature

1061

(1)

Creation of the Lease Relationship

1062

(1)

Classification of Tenancies

1062

(1)

Termination of Lease

1063

(1)

Notice of Termination

1064

(1)

Renewal of Lease

1064

(1)

Rights and Duties of Parties

1064

(1)

Possession

1064

(2)

Use of Premises

1066

(1)

Rent

1067

(1)

Repairs and Condition of Premises

1067

(2)

Improvements

1069

(1)

Taxes and Assessments

1069

(1)

Tenant's Deposit

1069

(1)

Protection from Retaliation

1069

(1)

Remedies of Landlord

1070

(1)

Liability for Injury on Premises

1070

(1)

Landlord's Liability to Tenant

1071

(2)

Landlord's Liability to Third Persons

1073

(1)

Tenant's Liability to Third Persons

1073

(1)

Transfer of Rights

1073

(1)

Transfer of Landlord's Reversionary Interest

1073

(1)

Tenant's Assignment of Lease and Sublease

1073

(5)

Decedents' Estates and Trusts

1078

(1)

Wills

1079

(1)

Definitions

1080

(1)

Parties to Will

1080

(1)

Testamentary Intent

1081

(1)

Form

1081

(1)

Modification of Will

1082

(1)

Revocation of Will

1082

(1)

Election to Take against the Will

1083

(1)

Disinheritance

1084

(1)

Special Kinds of Wills

1084

(1)

Administration of Decedents' Estates

1084

(1)

Definitions

1084

(2)

Probate of Will

1086

(1)

Will Contest

1086

(1)

Ethics & the Law

1087

(1)

When Administration Is Not Necessary

1088

(1)

Appointment of Personal Representative

1088

(1)

Proof of Claims against the Estate

1088

(1)

Construction of a Will

1088

(1)

Testate Distribution of an Estate

1088

(1)

Intestate Distribution of an Estate

1089

(2)

Trusts

1091

(1)

Definitions

1092

(1)

Creation of Trusts

1092

(1)

Nature of Beneficiary's Interest

1093

(1)

Powers of Trustee

1093

(1)

Duties of Trustee

1093

(1)

Remedies for Breach of Trust

1094

(1)

Termination of Trust

1095

Appendices

1 How to Find the Law

(4)

2 The Constitution of the United States

(8)

3 Uniform Commercial Code

(140)

4 Revised Uniform Partnership Act (excerpts)

153

(8)

5 Revised Model Business Corporation Act as Amended in 1986 and 1987 (excerpts)

161

(10)

6 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (excerpts)

171

Glossary

(1)

Case Index

(1)

Subject Index

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