Animal Eyes

, by Land, Michael F.; Nilsson, Dan-Eric

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ISBN: 9780199581139 | 0199581134
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/4/2012

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Offers an introductory, but comprehensive, account of all known types of eye, in a book whose size and style made it accessible to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as established researchers in the field. This edition is updated throughout to include developments made within the last 10 years, whilst retaining the structure and scope that has made it so popular.

The origin of vision	p. 1
The first eyes	p. 1
Evolution of the essential components of visual systems	p. 6
Evolution of visual function	p. 10
The diversity of eye design	p. 18
Summary	p. 21
Light and vision	p. 23
The nature of light	p. 24
Light intensity	p. 26
Contrast	p. 31
Wavelength and colour	p. 32
Polarization	p. 39
Summary	p. 44
What makes a good eye?	p. 46
Fundamentals	p. 46
Resolution	p. 49
Sensitivity	p. 62
Conclusions	p. 69
Summary	p. 70
Aquatic eyes: the evolution of the lens	p. 72
Evolutionary origins	p. 72
Pinhole eyes: giant clams and Nautilus	p. 73
Under-focused lens eyes	p. 76
Forming a sharp image	p. 79
Eyes of fish and cephalopods	p. 83
Matching eye to environment	p. 86
Eyes with non-spherical lenses	p. 91
Summary	p. 93
Lens eyes on land	p. 94
A new optical surface	p. 94
Basic optics of cornea and lens	p. 95
Variations on the lens/cornea theme in land vertebrates	p. 104
Amphibious eyes	p. 117
Invertebrate eyes with corneal optics	p. 119
Summary	p. 128
Mirrors in animals	p. 130
Mirrors in eyes	p. 130
The physical optics of animal reflectors	p. 143
Uses of photonic reflectors in structures other than eyes	p. 150
Summary	p. 155
Apposition compound eyes	p. 157
Origins	p. 157
A little history: apposition and neural superposition	p. 160
Basic optics	p. 164
Ecological variations in apposition design	p. 176
The anomalous eyes of strepsipterans and trilobites	p. 188
Summary	p. 189
Superposition eyes	p. 191
Introduction-the nature of superposition imagery	p. 191
Refracting superposition	p. 194
Superposition and afocal apposition: the eyes of butterflies	p. 204
Reflecting superposition	p. 208
Parabolic superposition	p. 212
Summary	p. 213
Movements of the eyes	p. 215
Sampling the world in space and time	p. 215
How humans acquire visual information	p. 218
Are other animals like us?	p. 223
Insect flight behaviour seen as eye movement	p. 226
Translational saccades: head-bobbing in birds	p. 227
Why not let the eyes wander? Some consequences of image motion	p. 228
Exceptions: rotational scanning by one-dimensional retinae	p. 235
Summary	p. 241
Principal symbols used in the text	p. 243
References	p. 244
Index	p. 265
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Animal Eyes

Summary

Table of Contents

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