Antennas From Theory to Practice

Practical, concise and complete reference for the basics of modern antenna designAntennas: from Theory to Practice discusses the basics of modern antenna design and theory. Developed specifically for engineers and designers who work with radio communications, radar and RF engineering, this book offers practical and hands-on treatment of antenna theory and techniques, and provides its readers the skills to analyse, design and measure various antennas.Key features:Provides thorough coverage on the basics of transmission lines, radio waves and propagation, and antenna analysis and design Discusses industrial standard design software tools, and antenna measurement equipment, facilities and techniques Covers electrically small antennas, mobile antennas, UWB antennas and new materials for antennas Also discusses reconfigurable antennas, RFID antennas, Wide-band and multi-band antennas, radar antennas, and MIMO antennas Design examples of various antennas are provided Written in a practical and concise manner by authors who are experts in antenna design, with experience from both academia and industryThis book will be an invaluable resource for engineers and designers working in RF engineering, radar and radio communications, seeking a comprehensive and practical introduction to the basics of antenna design. The book can also be used as a textbook for advanced students entering a profession in this field.

Dr Yi Huang, Liverpool, UK
Yi Huang received the BSc in Physics from Wuhan University and MSc in RF/Microwave Engineering from Nanjing, China in 1984 and 1987 respectively, and a DPhil in Communications and Electromagnetics from the University of Oxford in 1993. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool in 1995, where he is now a Senior Lecturer in RF/Microwave Engineering.
Dr Huang's main research interests are antennas, radio propagation, computational electromagnetics, EMC, electromagnetic measurements, ground penetrating radar, medical imaging, software radio, and indoor wireless communications. He has published over 100 research papers and provided technical consultancy to industry on many occasions.

Dr Kevin Boyle, UK
Kevin Boyle has been employed within the Wireless Systems Group of Philips Research Laboratories (PRL), Redhill since 1997, where he is currently a Principal Research Scientist and a Project Leader for antenna and propagation related activities. His areas of interest include antenna design for mobile communication systems, diversity, propagation modelling and related areas of mobile system design. Prior to joining PRL he was with Marconi Communications Systems Ltd. from 1989 to 1997 working on all aspects of antenna system design from LF to UHF.

Preface	p. xi
Acronyms and Constants	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
A Short History of Antennas	p. 1
Radio Systems and Antennas	p. 4
Necessary Mathematics	p. 6
Complex Numbers	p. 6
Vectors and Vector Operation	p. 7
Coordinates	p. 10
Basics of Electromagnetics	p. 11
The Electric Field	p. 12
The Magnetic Field	p. 15
Maxwell's Equations	p. 16
Boundary Conditions	p. 19
Summary	p. 21
References	p. 21
Problems	p. 21
Circuit Concepts and Transmission Lines	p. 23
Circuit Concepts	p. 23
Lumped and Distributed Element Systems	p. 25
Transmission Line Theory	p. 25
Transmission Line Model	p. 25
Solutions and Analysis	p. 28
Terminated Transmission Line	p. 32
The Smith Chart and Impedance Matching	p. 41
The Smith Chart	p. 41
Impedance Matching	p. 44
The Quality Factor and Bandwidth	p. 51
Various Transmission Lines	p. 55
Two-wire Transmission Line	p. 56
Coaxial Cable	p. 57
Microstrip Line	p. 60
Stripline	p. 63
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)	p. 66
Waveguide	p. 68
Connectors	p. 70
Summary	p. 74
References	p. 74
Problems	p. 74
Field Concepts and Radio Waves	p. 77
Wave Equation and Solutions	p. 77
Discussion on Wave Solutions	p. 79
The Plane Wave, Intrinsic Impedance and Polarization	p. 80
The Plane Wave and Intrinsic Impedance	p. 80
Polarization	p. 82
Radio Wave Propagation Mechanisms	p. 83
Reflection and Transmission	p. 83
Diffraction and Huygens's Principle	p. 91
Scattering	p. 92
Radio Wave Propagation Characteristics in Media	p. 93
Media Classification and Attenuation	p. 93
Radio Wave Propagation Models	p. 97
Free Space Model	p. 97
Two-ray Model/Plane Earth Model	p. 98
Multipath Models	p. 99
Comparison of Circuit Concepts and Field Concepts	p. 101
Skin Depth	p. 101
Summary	p. 104
References	p. 104
Problems	p. 104
Antenna Basics	p. 107
Antennas to Radio Waves	p. 107
Near Field and Far Field	p. 108
Antenna Parameters from the Field Point of View	p. 112
Antennas to Transmission Lines	p. 122
Antenna Parameters from the Circuit Point of View	p. 122
Summary	p. 125
References	p. 126
Problems	p. 126
Popular Antennas	p. 129
Wire-Type Antennas	p. 129
Dipoles	p. 129
Monopoles and Image Theory	p. 137
Loops and the Duality Principle	p. 141
Helical Antennas	p. 147
Yagi-Uda Antennas	p. 152
Log-Periodic Antennas and Frequency-Independent Antennas	p. 157
Aperture-Type Antennas	p. 163
Fourier Transforms and the Radiated Field	p. 163
Horn Antennas	p. 169
Reflector and Lens Antennas	p. 175
Slot Antennas and Babinet's Principle	p. 180
Microstrip Antennas	p. 184
Antenna Arrays	p. 191
Basic Concept	p. 192
Isotropic Linear Arrays	p. 193
Pattern Multiplication Principle	p. 199
Element Mutual Coupling	p. 200
Some Practical Considerations	p. 203
Transmitting and Receiving Antennas: Reciprocity	p. 203
Baluns and Impedance Matching	p. 205
Antenna Polarization	p. 206
Radomes, Housings and Supporting Structures	p. 208
Summary	p. 211
References	p. 211
Problems	p. 212
Computer-Aided Antenna Design and Analysis	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
Computational Electromagnetics for Antennas	p. 217
Method of Moments (MoM)	p. 218
Finite Element Method (FEM)	p. 228
Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method	p. 229
Transmission Line Modeling (TLM) Method	p. 230
Comparison of Numerical Methods	p. 230
High-Frequency Methods	p. 232
Examples of Computer-Aided Design and Analysis	p. 233
Wire-type Antenna Design and Analysis	p. 233
General Antenna Design and Analysis	p. 243
Summary	p. 251
References	p. 251
Problems	p. 252
Antenna Manufacturing and Measurements	p. 253
Antenna Manufacturing	p. 253
Conducting Materials	p. 253
Dielectric Materials	p. 255
New Materials for Antennas	p. 255
Antenna Measurement Basics	p. 256
Scattering Parameters	p. 256
Network Analyzers	p. 258
Impedance, S[subscript 11], VSWR and Return Loss Measurement	p. 261
Can I Measure These Parameters in My Office?	p. 261
Effects of a Small Section of a Transmission Line or a Connector	p. 262
Effects of Packages on Antennas	p. 262
Radiation Pattern Measurements	p. 263
Far-Field Condition	p. 264
Open-Area Test Sites (OATS)	p. 265
Anechoic Chambers	p. 267
Compact Antenna Test Ranges (CATR)	p. 268
Planar and Cylindrical Near-Field Chambers	p. 270
Spherical Near-Field Chambers	p. 270
Gain Measurements	p. 272
Comparison with a Standard-Gain Horn	p. 272
Two-Antenna Measurement	p. 272
Three-Antenna Measurement	p. 273
Miscellaneous Topics	p. 273
Efficiency Measurements	p. 273
Reverberation Chambers	p. 274
Impedance De-embedding Techniques	p. 275
Probe Array in Near-Field Systems	p. 276
Summary	p. 281
References	p. 281
Problems	p. 282
Special Topics	p. 283
Electrically Small Antennas	p. 283
The Basics and Impedance Bandwidth	p. 283
Antenna Size-Reduction Techniques	p. 299
Mobile Antennas, Antenna Diversity and Human Body Effects	p. 304
Introduction	p. 304
Mobile Antennas	p. 305
Antenna Diversity	p. 318
User Interaction	p. 325
Multiband and Ultra-Wideband Antennas	p. 334
Introduction	p. 334
Multiband Antennas	p. 334
Wideband Antennas	p. 337
RFID Antennas	p. 340
Introduction	p. 340
Near-Field Systems	p. 343
Far-Field Systems	p. 349
Reconfigurable Antennas	p. 352
Introduction	p. 352
Switching and Variable-Component Technologies	p. 352
Resonant Mode Switching/Tuning	p. 354
Feed Network Switching/Tuning	p. 355
Mechanical Reconfiguration	p. 355
Summary	p. 356
References	p. 356
Index	p. 357
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Antennas From Theory to Practice

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