Anthropology With Infotrac

, by Haviland, William A.

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ISBN: 9780534610203 | 053461020X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/1/2002

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Supplemental Materials

Preface

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxix

Putting the World in Perspective

xxx

PART I THE STUDY OF HUMANKIND

(84)

The Nature of Anthropology

(28)

The Development of Anthropology

(1)

Frank Hamilton Cushing (1857--1900), Matilda Coxe Stevenson (1849--1915)

(1)

Anthropology and the Other Sciences

(1)

The Discipline of Anthropology

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Forensic Anthropology

(6)

Physical Anthropology

(1)

Cultural Anthropology

(2)

Archaeology

(1)

Linguistic Anthropology

(1)

Ethnology

(1)

Original Study: Encountering Environmentalism in Rural Costa Rica

(4)

Anthropology and Science

(6)

Franz Boas (1858--1942), Fredric Ward Putnam (1839--1915), John Wesley Powell (1834--1902)

(1)

Difficulties of the Scientific Approach

(2)

Comparison in Anthropology

(1)

George Peter Murdock (1897--1985)

(1)

Anthropology and the Humanities

(1)

Questions of Ethics

(1)

Anthropology and Contemporary Life

(4)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Classic Readings

(1)

Methods of Studying the Human Past

(26)

Methods of Data Recovery

(2)

The Nature of Fossils

(1)

Original Study: Whispers from the Ice

(4)

Sites and Fossil Localities

(4)

Site and Locality Identification

(2)

Site and Locality Excavation

(1)

Archaeological Excavation

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Cultural Resource Management

(4)

Excavation of Fossils

(1)

State Of Preservation of Archaeological and Fossil Evidence

(1)

Sorting Out the Evidence

(6)

Dating the Past

(1)

Methods of Relative Dating

(1)

Methods of Chronometric Dating

(2)

Chance and the Study of the Past

(2)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Classic Readings

(1)

Biology and Evolution

(28)

The Classification of Living Things

(1)

The Discovery of Evolution

(3)

Charles R. Darwin (1809--1882)

(1)

Original Study: The Unsettling Nature of Variational Change

(1)

Heredity

(4)

The Transmission of Genes

(1)

Genes

(2)

Gregor Mendel (1822--1884)

(1)

Chromosomes

(1)

Anthropology Applied: The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project

(4)

Cell Division

(2)

Polygenetic Inheritance

(1)

Populations Genetics

(1)

The Stability of the Population

(1)

Evolutionary Forces

(5)

Mutation

(2)

Genetic Drift

(1)

Gene Flow

(1)

Interspecies Gene Transfer

(1)

Natural Selection

(2)

Adaptation

(4)

The Case of Sickle-Cell Anemia

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Classic Reading

(1)

PART II PRIMATE EVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE HOMININES

(82)

Monkeys, Apes, and Humans: The Modern Primates

(30)

The Primate Order

(2)

Characteristics

(8)

The Primate Brain

(1)

Primate Sense Organs

(1)

Primate Dentition

(1)

The Primate Skeleton

(3)

Reproduction and Care of Young

(1)

Establishing Evolutionary Relationships

(1)

Modern Primates

100

(4)

Strepsirhines

100

(1)

Haplorhines

100

(1)

Tarsiers

101

(1)

New World Monkeys

101

(1)

Old World Monkeys

101

(1)

Small and Great Apes

102

(2)

The Social Behavior of Primates

104

(6)

The Group

104

(1)

Jane Goodall (B. 1934)

105

(1)

Individual Interaction

105

(1)

Sexual Behavior

106

(3)

Play

109

(1)

Communication

109

(1)

Home Ranges

109

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Primate Conservation

110

(3)

Learning

110

(1)

Use of Objects as Tools

111

(1)

Hunting

112

(1)

The Question of Culture

113

(1)

Original Study: The Culture of Chimpanzees

113

(3)

Primate Behavior and Human Evolution

115

(1)

Chapter Summary

116

(1)

Classic Reading

117

(1)

Macroevolution and the Early Primates

118

(26)

Speciation

120

(5)

Isolating Mechanisms

120

(2)

Divergence and Convergence

122

(1)

Linear Evolution

123

(1)

The Nondirectedness of Evolution

123

(2)

Early Mammals

125

(1)

Rise of the Primates

126

(7)

Paleocene Primates

127

(1)

Eocene Primates

128

(1)

Oligocene Monkeys and Apes

129

(1)

Miocene Apes

130

(3)

Original Study: Will the Real Human Ancestor Please Stand Up?

133

(4)

Miocene Apes and Human Origins

137

(4)

Hominoid Adaptations and Late Miocene Climatic Change

138

(3)

Early Apes and Human Evolution

141

(1)

Early Primate: Evolution: an Overview

141

(1)

Chapter Summary

142

(1)

Classic Readings

143

(1)

The Earliest Hominines

144

(24)

Australopithecus

146

(11)

Gracile Australopithecines

147

(7)

Robust Australopithecines

154

(1)

Louis S. B. Leakey (1903--1972), Mary Leakey (1913--1996)

155

(2)

Australopithecine Predecessors

157

(2)

Environment, Diet, and Australopithecine Origins

159

(3)

Humans Stand on Their Own Two Feet

161

(1)

Original Study: The Naked and the Bipedal

162

(4)

Chapter Summary

166

(1)

Classic Readings

167

(1)

PART III EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS HOMO AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY HUMAN CULTURE

168

(98)

Humo habilis and Cultural Origins

170

(22)

Early Representatives of the Genus Homo

172

(4)

Relations Between Homo Habits and Australopithecus

174

(2)

Lower Paleolithic Tools

176

(5)

Olduvai Gorge

176

(2)

Oldowan Tools

178

(3)

Tools, Meat, and Brains

181

(1)

Original Study: Cat in the Human Cradle

181

(6)

Adrienne Zihlman (B. 1940)

185

(2)

The Earliest Signs of Culture: Tools

187

(2)

Cooperation and Sharing

189

(1)

Language Origins

190

(1)

Chapter Summary

190

(1)

Classic Reading

191

(1)

Homo erectus and the Emergence of Hunting and Gathering

192

(24)

Homo Erectus Fossils

194

(6)

Homo erectus from Java

194

(1)

Homo erectus from China

195

(2)

Homo erectus from Africa

197

(1)

Homo erectus from Europe

198

(1)

Physical Characteristics of Homo Erectus

199

(1)

Relationship between Homo Erectus and Homo Erectus

200

(1)

The Culture of Homo Erectus

200

(3)

The Acheulean Tool Tradition

201

(2)

Original Study: Homo Erectus and the Use of Bamboo

203

(6)

Use of Fire

208

(1)

Other Aspects of Homo Erectus' Culture

209

(3)

The Question of Language

212

(2)

Chapter Summary

214

(1)

Classic Readings

215

(1)

Archaic Homo sapiens and the Middle Paleolithic

216

(24)

The Appearance of Homo Sapiens

218

(6)

Levalloisian Technique

221

(1)

Archaic Homo sapiens

221

(2)

African, Chinese, and Javanese Populations

223

(1)

The Culture of Archaic Homo Sapiens

224

(3)

Middle Paleolithic

224

(1)

The Mousterian Tradition

224

(2)

The Symbolic Life of Neandertals

226

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Forensic Archaeology

227

(3)

Neandertals and Spoken Language

228

(2)

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Modern Human Origins

230

(5)

The Multiregional Hypothesis

230

(1)

Franz Weidenreich (1873--1948)

231

(2)

The ``Eve'' or ``Out of Africa'' Hypothesis

233

(2)

Original Study: African Original or Ancient Population Size Differences?

235

(3)

Chapter Summary

238

(1)

Classic Readings

239

(1)

Homo sapiens and the Upper Paleolithic

240

(26)

Upper Paleolithic Peoples: The First Modern Humans

242

(1)

Upper Paleolithic Tools

243

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Stone Tools for Modern Surgeons

245

(2)

Upper Paleolithic Art

247

(5)

Original Study: Paleolithic Paint Job

252

(4)

Other Aspects of Upper Paleolithic Culture

256

(1)

The Spread of Upper Paleolithic Peoples

256

(4)

Where Did Upper Paleolithic People Come From?

260

(2)

Major Paleolithic Trends

262

(2)

Chapter Summary

264

(1)

Classic Readings

265

(1)

PART IV HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION SINCE THE OLD STONE AGE

266

(94)

Cultivation and Domestication

268

(32)

The Mesolithic Roots of Farming and Pastoralism

270

(3)

Mesolithic Tools and Weapons

270

(1)

Cultural Diversity in the Mesolithic

271

(2)

The Neolithic Revolution

273

(4)

Domestication: What Is It?

273

(1)

Evidence of Early Plant Domestication

274

(2)

Evidence of Early Animal Domestication

276

(1)

Beginnings of Domestication

276

(1)

Why Humans Became Food Producers

277

(6)

V. Gordon Childe (1892--1957)

278

(5)

Other Centers of Domestication

283

(3)

Anthropology Applied: Archaeology for and by Native Americans

286

(1)

The Spread of Food Production

287

(2)

Culture of Neolithic Settlements

289

(4)

Earliest Full-Fledged Farming Settlements

289

(1)

Jericho: An Early Farming Community

290

(1)

Neolithic Technology

290

(1)

Pottery

291

(1)

Housing

292

(1)

Clothing

292

(1)

Social Structure

293

(1)

Neolithic Culture in the New World

293

(1)

The Neolithic and Human Biology

294

(1)

Original Study: History of Mortality and Physiological Stress

294

(2)

The Neolithic and the Idea of Progress

296

(2)

Chapter Summary

298

(1)

Classic Readings

299

(1)

The Rise of Cities and Civilization

300

(30)

What Civilization Means

302

(4)

Tikal: A Case Study

306

(3)

Surveying the Site

306

(1)

Evidence from the Excavation

307

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Economic Development and Tropical Forests

309

(1)

Cities and Cultural Change

309

(8)

Agricultural Innovation

310

(1)

Diversification of Labor

311

(2)

Central Government

313

(1)

Evidence of Centralized Authority

313

(2)

The Earliest Governments

315

(1)

Social Stratification

316

(1)

Evidence of Social Stratification

317

(1)

Original Study: Finding the Tomb of a Moche Priestess

317

(6)

The Making of Civilizations

323

(3)

Theories of Civilizations Emergence

323

(1)

Irrigation Systems

323

(1)

Trade Networks

323

(1)

Environmental and Social Circumscription

324

(1)

Religion

324

(2)

Civilization and its Discontents

326

(2)

Chapter Summary

328

(1)

Classic Readings

329

(1)

Modern Human Diversity

330

(30)

Variations and Evolutions

332

(1)

Physical Variability

332

(1)

The Meaning of Race

333

(3)

Ashley Montagu (1905--1999)

335

(1)

Race at a Biological Concept

336

(1)

Original Study: Race Without Color

336

(5)

The Concept of Human Races

341

(6)

Some Physical Variables

343

(1)

Skin Color: A Case Study in Adaptation

344

(3)

The Social Significance of Race: Racism

347

(5)

Race and Behavior

348

(1)

Race and Intelligence

348

(2)

Intelligence: What Is It?

350

(2)

Continuing Human Biological Evolution

352

(5)

Anthropology Applied: Studying the Emergence of New Diseases

357

(1)

Chapter Summary

358

(1)

Classic Readings

359

(1)

PART V CULTURE AND SURVIVAL: COMMUNICATING, RAISING CHILDREN, AND STAYING ALIVE

360

(144)

The Nature of Culture

362

(22)

The Concept of Culture

364

(1)

Characteristics of Culture

364

(4)

Culture Is Shared

364

(4)

Anthropology Applied: New Houses for Apache Indians

368

(5)

Culture Is Learned

370

(1)

Culture Is Based on Symbols

371

(1)

Culture Is Integrated

371

(1)

Leslie A. White (1900--1975)

372

(1)

A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1881--1955)

373

(1)

Studying Culture in the Field

373

(1)

Original Study: The Importance of Trobriand Women

374

(3)

Culture and Adaptation

377

(3)

Bronislaw Malinowski (1884--1942)

377

(1)

Functions of Culture

377

(1)

Culture and Change

378

(2)

Culture, Society, and the Individual

380

(1)

Evaluation of Culture

380

(2)

Chapter Summary

382

(1)

Classic Readings

383

(1)

Language and Communication

384

(28)

The Nature of Language

387

(4)

The Sound and Shape of Language

388

(1)

Phonology

388

(1)

Morphology

389

(1)

Grammar and Syntax

390

(1)

The Gesture-Call System

391

(4)

Kinesics

392

(2)

Paralanguage

394

(1)

Voice Qualities

394

(1)

Vocalizations

395

(1)

Linguistic Change

395

(3)

Anthropology Applied: Language Renewal among the Northern Ute

398

(2)

Language in its Cultural Setting

400

(3)

Language and Thought

400

(2)

Kinship Terms

402

(1)

Language and Gender

402

(1)

Social Dialects

403

(1)

Original Study: The Great Ebonics Controversy

403

(3)

The Original of Language

406

(4)

Chapter Summary

410

(1)

Classic Readings

411

(1)

Growing Up Human

412

(30)

The Self and the Behavioral Environment

414

(5)

The Self

414

(2)

The Behavioral Environment

416

(2)

The Penobscot

418

(1)

Original Study: The Blessed Curse

419

(4)

Personality

423

(5)

The Development of Personality

423

(2)

Margaret Mead (1901--1978)

425

(1)

Dependence Training

425

(1)

Independence Training

426

(1)

Combined Dependence/Independence Training

427

(1)

Group Personality

428

(5)

Modal Personality

429

(2)

Ruth Fulton Benedict (1887--1947)

431

(1)

National Character

431

(1)

The Japanese

431

(1)

Objections to National Character Studies

432

(1)

Normal And Abnormal Personality

433

(3)

Anthropology Applied: Anthropologists and Mental Health

436

(4)

Chapter Summary

440

(1)

Classic Readings

441

(1)

Patterns of Subsistence

442

(32)

Adaptation

444

(7)

The Unit of Adaptation

446

(1)

Evolutionary Adaptation

447

(1)

Culture Areas

448

(2)

Julian H. Steward (1902--1972)

450

(1)

Culture Core

450

(1)

The Food-Foraging Way of Life

451

(8)

Characteristics of the Food-Foraging Life

453

(2)

The Impact of Food Foraging on Human Society

455

(1)

Subsistence and Gender

455

(1)

Food Sharing

456

(1)

Cultural Adaptations and Material Technology

457

(1)

Egalitarian Society

458

(1)

Food-Producing Society

459

(2)

The Settled Life of Farmers

460

(1)

Original Study: Gardens of the Mekranoti Kayapo

461

(5)

Pastoralism: The Bakhtiari

464

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Agricultural Development and the Anthropologist

466

(5)

Intensive Agriculture and Nonindustrial Cities

467

(1)

Aztec City Life

468

(3)

Nonindustrial Cities in the Modern World

471

(1)

Chapter Summary

472

(1)

Classic Readings

473

(1)

Economic Systems

474

(30)

Economic Anthropology

478

(1)

Resources

478

(10)

Patterns of Labor

478

(1)

Division of Labor by Gender

479

(1)

Age Division of Labor

480

(1)

Cooperation

481

(1)

Craft Specialization

482

(1)

Control of Land and Water

483

(1)

Technology

484

(1)

Leveling Mechanisms

484

(4)

Distribution and Exchange

488

(5)

Reciprocity

486

(2)

Barter and Trade

488

(1)

The Kula Ring

489

(2)

Redistribution

491

(1)

Distribution of Wealth

492

(1)

Original Study: Prestige Economics in Papua Mew Guinea

493

(6)

Market Exchange

496

(3)

Economics, Culture, and the World of Business

499

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Anthropology and the World of Business

501

(1)

Chapter Summary

502

(1)

Classic Readings

503

(1)

PART VI THE FORMATION OF GROUPS: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF COOPERATION

504

(112)

Sex and Marriage

506

(30)

Control of Sexual Relations

509

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Anthropology and Aids

511

(8)

Rules of Sexual Access

513

(2)

The Incest Taboo

515

(2)

Endogamy and Exogamy

517

(1)

Claude Levi-Strauss (B. 1908)

518

(1)

The Distinction Between Marriage and Mating

518

(1)

Marriage and the Family

519

(1)

Forms of Marriage

519

(5)

The Levirate and the Sororate

522

(1)

Serial Monogamy

522

(1)

Choice of Spouse

523

(1)

Original Study: Arranging Marriage in India

524

(8)

Cousin Marriage

527

(1)

Marriage Exchanges

528

(2)

Same-Sex Marriage

530

(2)

Divorce

532

(2)

Chapter Summary

534

(1)

Classic Readings

535

(1)

Family and Household

536

(26)

Family and Society

539

(1)

Original Study: The Ever-Changing Family in North America

540

(2)

Functions of the Family

542

(2)

Nurturance of Children

542

(1)

Economic Cooperation

543

(1)

Family and Household

544

(1)

Form of the Family

545

(7)

The Nuclear Family

545

(2)

The Extended Family

547

(1)

Residence Patterns

548

(4)

Problems of Family and Household Organization

552

(3)

Polygamous Families

552

(1)

Extended Families

553

(1)

Nuclear Families

554

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Dealing with Infant Mortality

555

(5)

Female-Headed Households

556

(4)

Chapter Summary

560

(1)

Classic Readings

561

(1)

Kinship and Descent

562

(28)

Decent Groups

564

(2)

Unilineal Descent

565

(1)

Patrilineal Descent and Organization

566

(1)

Traditional China: A Patrilineal Society

566

(1)

Original Study: Coping as a Woman in a Man's World

566

(8)

Matrilineal Descent and Organization

570

(1)

The Hopi: A Matrilineal Society

570

(2)

Double Descent

572

(1)

Ambilineal Descent

573

(1)

Ambilineal Descent Among New York City Jews

573

(1)

Forms and Functions of Descent Groups

574

(3)

Lineage

574

(1)

Clan

575

(1)

Phratries and Moieties

576

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Resolving a Native American Tribal Membership Dispute

577

(5)

Bilateral Kinship and the Kindred

579

(1)

Evolution of the Descent Group

580

(2)

Kinship Terminology and Kinship Groups

582

(6)

Eskimo System

582

(1)

Hawaiian System

583

(1)

Iroquois System

583

(1)

Lewis Henry Morgan (1818--1881)

584

(1)

Crow System

584

(2)

Omaha System

586

(1)

Sudanese or Descriptive System

586

(2)

Chapter Summary

588

(1)

Classic Readings

589

(1)

Groupings by Sex, Age, Common Interest, and Class

590

(26)

Grouping by Gender

592

(1)

Age Grouping

593

(3)

Institutions of Age Grouping

595

(1)

Age Grouping in African Societies

595

(1)

Common-Interest Associations

596

(4)

Kinds of Common-Interest Associations

597

(1)

Men's and Women's Associations

598

(1)

Associations in the Postindustrial World

599

(1)

Original Study: Digital Revolution: Indigenous Peoples in Cyberia

600

(2)

Social Stratification

602

(2)

Class and Caste

603

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Anthropologists and Social Impact Assessment

604

(10)

Mobility

607

(2)

Gender Stratification

609

(5)

Development of Stratification

614

(1)

Chapter Summary

614

(1)

Classic Readings

615

(1)

PART VII THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DISORDER

616

(94)

Political Organization and Social Control

618

(36)

Kinds of Political Systems

620

(13)

Uncentralized Political Systems

620

(1)

Band Organization

620

(2)

Tribal Organization

622

(3)

Kinship Organization

625

(1)

Age-Grade Organization

626

(1)

Association Organization

626

(1)

Centralized Political Systems

627

(1)

Chiefdoms

627

(2)

State Systems

629

(2)

Political Leadership and Gender

631

(2)

Political Organizations and the Maintenance of Order

633

(3)

Internalized Controls

633

(1)

Externalized Controls

634

(2)

Original Study: Limits on Power in Bedouin Society

636

(2)

Social Control Through Law

638

(5)

Definition of Law

639

(1)

Functions of Law

640

(1)

Crime

641

(2)

Anthropology Applied: Dispute Resolution and the Anthropologist

643

(1)

Political Organization and External Affairs

644

(4)

War

644

(4)

Political Systems and the Questions of Legitimacy

648

(1)

Reflection and Politics

648

(3)

Chapter Summary

651

(2)

Classic Readings

653

(1)

Cultural and the Supernatural

654

(28)

The Anthropological Approach to Religion

658

(1)

The Practice of Reflection

658

(8)

Supernatural Beings and Powers

659

(1)

Gods and Goddesses

659

(2)

Ancestral Spirits

661

(1)

Sir Edward B. Tylor (1832--1917)

662

(1)

Animism

662

(1)

Animatism

662

(2)

Religious Specialists

664

(1)

Priests and Priestesses

664

(1)

Shamans

664

(2)

Original Study: Healing Among the Ju/`Hoansi of the Kalahari

666

(5)

Rituals and Ceremonies

668

(1)

Rites of Passage

668

(2)

Rites of Intensification

670

(1)

Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft

671

(4)

Witchcraft

672

(1)

Ibibio Witchcraft

673

(1)

The Functions of Witchcraft

674

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Reconciling Modern Medicine with Traditional Beliefs in Swaziland

675

(1)

Psychological Functions of Witchcraft Among the Navaho

676

(1)

The Functions of Religion

676

(2)

Religion and Cultural Change

678

(2)

Revitalization Movements

679

(1)

Chapter Summary

680

(1)

Classic Readings

681

(1)

The Arts

682

(28)

The Anthropological Study of Art

686

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Protecting Cultural Heritages

687

(1)

Verbal Arts

688

(6)

Myth

688

(2)

Legend

690

(2)

Tale

692

(1)

Other Verbal, Arts

693

(1)

The Art of Music

694

(6)

Ferdercia De Laguna (B. 1906)

695

(2)

Functions of Music

697

(3)

Pictorial Art

700

(6)

Southern African Rock Art

701

(5)

Original Study: Bushman Rock Art and Political Power

706

(2)

Chapter Summary

708

(1)

Classic Readings

709

(1)

PART VIII CHANGE AND THE FUTURE: SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF ADJUSTING TO CHANGED CONDITIONS

710

(71)

Cultural Change

712

(34)

Mechanisms of Change

715

(6)

Innovation

715

(3)

Diffusion

718

(2)

Cultural Loss

720

(1)

Repressive Change

721

(6)

Acculturation

721

(2)

Genocide

723

(3)

Directed Change

726

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Development Anthropology and Dams

727

(2)

Franz Boas (1858--1942)

728

(1)

Reactions to Repressive Change

729

(5)

Revitalization Movements

734

(1)

Rebellion and Revolution

734

(1)

Modernization

734

(4)

Skolt Lapps and the Snowmobile Revolution

736

(1)

The Shuar Solution

737

(1)

Original Study: Violence on Indian Day in Brazil 1997

738

(6)

Modernization and the ``Underdeveloped'' World

741

(1)

Modernization: Must It Always Be Painful?

742

(2)

Chapter Summary

744

(1)

Classic Readings

745

(1)

Anthropology and the Future

746

(35)

The Cultural Future of Humanity

748

(6)

Global Culture

749

(2)

The Rise of the Multinational Corporations

751

(3)

Original Study: Standardizing the Body: The Question of Choice

754

(12)

Global Culture: A Good Idea or Not?

758

(1)

Ethnic Resurgence

759

(1)

Cultural Pluralisms

760

(1)

Guatemalan Cultural Pluralism

760

(4)

Ethnocentrism

764

(1)

Global Apartheid

765

(1)

Anthropology Applied: Advocacy for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

766

(2)

Problems of Structural Violence

768

(10)

World Hunger

769

(2)

Pollution

771

(3)

Population Control

774

(3)

The Culture of Discontent

777

(1)

Chapter Summary

778

(1)

Classic Readings

779

(2)

Glossary

781

(11)

Bibliography

792

(23)

Photo Credits

815

(4)

Literary Credits

819

(3)

Index

822

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