Applied Cognitive Task Analysis in Aviation

The first and only book on cognitive task analysis, useful to practitioners and researchers. It provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of cognitive task analyses to date in aviation, key methods of data collection and analysis and provides specific recommendations for designing and conducting cognitive analysis for instructional design and systems development in aviation.

Figures and tables

ix

(7)

Preface

xvi

(2)

Foreword

xviii

(6)

Captain Neil Johnston

List of abbreviations

xxiv

Part I Introduction to cognitive task analysis

1

(84)

1. Introduction

3

(17)

1.1 Definition of cognitive task analysis (CTA)

4

(3)

1.2 The cognitive view of learning and expertise

7

(1)

1.3 CTA methods

8

(1)

1.4 Recent applications of CTA in aviation

9

(5)

1.5 When to use CTA

14

(2)

1.6 Combining CTA with traditional task analysis

16

(1)

1.7 This book

17

(1)

1.8 Chapter 1 Key points

18

(2)

2. When to use cognitive task analysis

20

(23)

2.1 Types of tasks that may require CTA

21

(4)

2.2 CTA and expert performance

25

(5)

2.3 Training design

30

(4)

2.4 System design

34

(4)

2.5 Human resource management

38

(4)

2.6 Chapter 2 key points

42

(1)

3. Designing cognitive task analysis

43

(20)

3.1 Resource requirements

45

(4)

3.2 Data collection

49

(5)

3.3 Data analysis

54

(3)

3.4 Validation considerations

57

(4)

3.5 Chapter 3 key points

61

(2)

4. Methods of cognitive task analysis

63

(22)

4.1 Multiple CTA methods

64

(1)

4.2 Considerations for selecting CTA methods

65

(3)

4.3 CTA methods

68

(8)

4.4 CTA techniques

76

(6)

4.5 Chapter 4 key points

82

(3)

Part II Cognitive task analysis methods in context

85

(142)

5. Determining aviation knowledge

87

(25)

5.1 Types of aviation knowledge

88

(2)

5.2 CTA methods and knowledge analysis

90

(4)

5.3 Knowledge analysis methods

94

(3)

5.4 Steps for knowledge sorting and rating methods

97

(6)

5.5 Example: Analysis of structural knowledge in crew assessment

103

(7)

5.6 Chapter 5 key points

110

(2)

6. Determining automated skills

112

(23)

6.1 Types of aviation skills

113

(2)

6.2 Automated skills

115

(4)

6.3 Automated skills methods

119

(4)

6.4 Steps in consistent component method

123

(5)

6.5 Example of automated skills analysis

128

(5)

6.6 Chapter 6 key points

133

(2)

7. Determining procedural skills

135

(21)

7.1 Aviation skills and procedural skills

136

(3)

7.2 Procedural skills methods

139

(4)

7.3 Steps in a simplified PARI method

143

(5)

7.4 Example of procedural skills analysis

148

(7)

7.5 Chapter 7 key points

155

(1)

8. Determining representational skills

156

(22)

8.1 Forms of representational skills

157

(3)

8.2 Representational skills methods

160

(4)

8.3 Steps in the rating method

164

(6)

8.4 Example of skilled representation analysis

170

(6)

8.5 Chapter 8 key points

176

(2)

9. Determining decision making skills

178

(26)

9.1 Introduction

178

(5)

9.2 The critical decision method

183

(5)

9.3 Analysis of airport security personnel

188

(7)

9.4 Analysis of en route air traffic control

195

(8)

9.5 Chapter 9 key points

203

(1)

10. Determining high level strategies

204

(23)

10.1 Metacognition defined

204

(1)

10.2 Task management

205

(9)

10.3 Time horizon

214

(4)

10.4 Team performance

218

(2)

10.5 Steps in analyzing team communication

220

(2)

10.6 Example of team skills analysis

222

(4)

10.7 Chapter 10 key points

226

(1)

Part III Using cognitive task analysis results

227

(74)

11. The cognitive task analysis report

229

(19)

11.1 CTA objectives

230

(4)

11.2 Job and task overview

234

(2)

11.3 Description of methods

236

(5)

11.4 Reporting results

241

(5)

11.5 Stating conclusions

246

(1)

11.6 Chapter 11 key points

247

(1)

12. Training design

248

(18)

12.1 Application to training design

249

(3)

12.2 Front-end analysis

252

(4)

12.3 Curriculum design

256

(4)

12.4 Selection of instructional techniques

260

(4)

12.5 Chapter 12 key points

264

(2)

13. System design

266

(17)

13.1 Introduction to cognitive design

267

(1)

13.2 Approach to cognitive design

268

(2)

13.3 Using CTA results for systems design

270

(1)

13.4 The design and development process

271

(2)

13.5 First example of a design requirement

273

(1)

13.6 Second example of a design requirement

274

(1)

13.7 Third example of a design requirement

274

(4)

13.8 Iterative formative evaluations

278

(2)

13.9 Usability testing

280

(1)

13.10 Product deployment

281

(1)

13.11 Chapter 13 key points

282

(1)

14. Human resource management

283

(15)

14.1 Application to human resource management

284

(2)

14.2 Design tests for selection

286

(4)

14.3 Assess cognitive performance

290

(3)

14.4 Assess program effectiveness

293

(3)

14.5 Chapter 14 key points

296

(2)

15. Challenges and future directions for cognitive task analysis in aviation

298

(3)

Glossary of selected terms

301

(18)

References

319

(11)

Index

330

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Applied Cognitive Task Analysis in Aviation

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials