The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering & Contract Administration

, by Hackett, Mark; Robinson, Ian; Statham, Gary

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ISBN: 9781405131988 | 1405131985
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/21/2006

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The period from starting a college course to successful completion of professional examinations represents a long and steep learning curve. The range of skills and the knowledge required to perform work efficiently and effectively might, at first, seem rather daunting. This guide will provide you with sufficient understanding and hold you in good stead for your early years in professional practice.

Foreword by Rob Smith, Davis Langdon LLP

xvi

Introduction

xviii

Part I Briefing the Building Team

(18)

1 The Building Team

(9)

Introduction

(1)

Parties to a building contract and their supporting teams

(1)

Rights, duties and responsibilities

(4)

The employer

(1)

The architect/contract administrator

(1)

The quantity surveyor

(1)

The status of named consultants

(1)

Unnamed consultants with delegated powers

(1)

The project manager

(1)

The planning supervisor

(1)

The principal contractor

(1)

Sub-contractors

(1)

The clerk of works

(1)

Statutory requirements

(2)

The CDM Regulations

(1)

Avoiding disputes

(1)

Communications

(1)

2 Assessing the Needs

(7)

The structure

(1)

The brief

(2)

The initial programme

(2)

The appointment

(5)

Appointment documents

(1)

Collateral warranties

(2)

Part II Available Procurement Methods

(102)

3 Principles of Procurement

(9)

Simple theory - complex practice

(1)

The eternal triangle

(4)

Other considerations

(1)

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994

(1)

Risk

(1)

Accountability

(1)

Making the contract

(2)

Type of contract

(1)

Selection of the contractor - the tendering procedure

(1)

Establishing price and time

(1)

The dynamics of tendering

(2)

4 Basic Concepts

(8)

Economic use of resources

(1)

Labour

(1)

Materials

(1)

Plant

(1)

Capital

(1)

Contractor's contribution to design and contract programme

(1)

Production cost savings

(1)

Continuity

(1)

Risk and accountability

(1)

Accountability

(1)

Summary

(2)

5 Accountability

(5)

Background

(1)

The modern concept of public accountability

(1)

Contract documentation

(1)

Proper price

(1)

Dispensing with competition

(1)

Inflation

(1)

Value for money

(1)

Summary

(1)

6 Value and Risk Management

(14)

Value management

(3)

Value articulation and project definition

(1)

Optimisation of benefits and costs

(1)

Learning lessons and performance optimisation

(1)

Risk management

(4)

Risk must be managed

(1)

Nothing ventured nothing gained

(1)

Understanding the project

(2)

Risk management strategies

(1)

Allocating management actions

(1)

Value and risk are complementary

(5)

Similarities in the processes

(1)

The integrated process

(4)

7 Fixed Price and Cost Reimbursement

(7)

Fixed price

(1)

Cost reimbursement

(1)

Application to contract elements

(1)

Fluctuations

(1)

Target cost contracts

(1)

Use

(2)

The employer's position

(1)

The contractor's position

(1)

Programme

(1)

Summary

(2)

8 Fixed Price Contracts

(7)

JCT fixed price contracts

(6)

The Standard Building Contract

(1)

Design and Build Contract

(1)

Major Project Construction Contract

(1)

Intermediate Building Contract

(1)

Minor Works Building Contract

(1)

Advantages and disadvantages of fixed price contracts

(1)

Advantages

(1)

Disadvantages

(1)

9 Cost Reimbursement Contracts

(8)

The fee

(1)

The Prime Cost building contract

(1)

Characteristics of the form

(1)

Advantages and disadvantages

(1)

Advantages

(1)

Disadvantages

(1)

Budget and cost control

(1)

Administering the contract

(1)

Procedure for keeping prime costs

(2)

Labour resources

(1)

Materials

(1)

Plant

(1)

Credits

(1)

Sub-letting

(1)

Defective work

(1)

Cost control

(1)

Final account

(1)

10 Target Cost Contracts

(5)

Guaranteed maximum price contracts

(1)

Competition

(1)

Contract

(1)

Advantages and disadvantages

(1)

Use

(1)

11 Management and Construction Management Contracts

(10)

Payment and cost control

(2)

Selection and appointment of the contractor

(1)

Contract conditions

(1)

Contract administration

(1)

Professional advisers

(1)

Advantages and disadvantages

(2)

Advantages

(1)

Disadvantages

(1)

Construction Management

(1)

Use

(1)

Programme

(2)

12 Design and Build Contracts

(10)

The Contract

(2)

Where to use design and build (and when not to do so)

(1)

Managing the design process

(1)

Novation

(1)

Evaluation of submissions

(1)

Post-contract administration

100

(1)

Financial administration

100

(1)

Programme

101

(1)

Advantages and disadvantages

102

(2)

Advantages

102

(1)

Disadvantages

102

(2)

13 Continuity Contracts

104

(9)

Serial contracting

104

(3)

Purpose and use

105

(1)

Operation

106

(1)

Continuation contracts

107

(3)

Purpose and use

108

(1)

Operation

108

(2)

Term contracts

110

(3)

Purpose and use

110

(1)

JCT Measured Term Contract

110

(1)

Operation

111

(2)

14 Partnering

113

(8)

A definition

114

(1)

When to adopt a partnering approach

115

(1)

The agreement

116

(1)

JCT Framework Agreement

116

(1)

The partnering workshop

117

(1)

The benefits

117

(1)

The risks

118

(1)

Future of partnering

119

(2)

Part III Preparing for and Inviting Tenders

121

(92)

15 Procedure from Brief to Tender

123

(11)

Initial brief

123

(3)

Developing the brief

123

(1)

Feasibility stage

124

(1)

Sketch scheme

124

(1)

Costs

125

(1)

Procurement

126

(1)

Detail design

127

(1)

Programming

128

(1)

Design team meetings

129

(1)

Drawings

129

(1)

Specifications

130

(1)

Bills of quantities

130

(1)

Specialist sub-contractors and suppliers

131

(1)

Quality assurance

132

(1)

Obtaining tenders

133

(1)

16 Pre-Contract Cost Control

134

(20)

Cost control

134

(1)

Reporting

134

(2)

Establishing a budget

136

(1)

Approximate estimates

136

(3)

Preliminary estimate

137

(1)

Element unit quantities estimate

137

(1)

Approximate quantities estimate

138

(1)

Accurate quantities estimate

139

(1)

Cost plan

139

(12)

Substructure

140

(1)

Superstructure

140

(2)

Internal finishes

142

(1)

Fittings and furnishings

143

(1)

Services

143

(6)

External works

149

(1)

Development of the cost plan

150

(1)

Life cycle costing

151

(1)

Cash flow

152

(2)

17 Drawings and Schedules

154

(25)

The role of drawings and documents

154

(1)

Quality

155

(3)

Quality manuals

156

(1)

Quality procedure codes

156

(1)

Quality review

157

(1)

Types, sizes and layout of drawings

158

(3)

Size

158

(1)

Layout and revision

159

(1)

Scale

159

(2)

Nature and sequence of drawing production

161

(3)

Drawings for SBC contracts

161

(1)

Drawings for design and build or management contracts

162

(1)

Design intent information

163

(1)

Computer aided design

164

(1)

Drawing file formats and translation

165

(1)

Project extranets

165

(3)

Contents of drawings

168

(5)

Survey plan

168

(1)

Site plan, layout and drainage

169

(1)

General arrangement

169

(2)

Elevations of all parts of the building

171

(1)

Descriptive sections

171

(1)

Ceiling plans at all floor levels

171

(1)

Construction details (scale 1:20 and 1:10)

172

(1)

Large-scale details (scale 1:10 and 1:15)

172

(1)

Schedules

173

(1)

Drawings and schedules for records

174

(5)

18 Specifications

179

(12)

The use of specifications

179

(2)

Prescriptive specifications

180

(1)

Performance specifications

180

(1)

Descriptive specifications

181

(1)

Specification writing

181

(4)

Decide on format

181

(1)

Collect information

182

(1)

Input information

183

(1)

Check and test

183

(1)

Deliver

184

(1)

The specification as a contract document

185

(6)

19 Bills of Quantities

191

(10)

Tender and contract document

191

(1)

The wider role

192

(1)

Basic information

192

(2)

Preliminaries

192

(2)

Preambles

194

(1)

Measured works

194

(1)

Formats

194

(7)

20 Sub-contractors

201

(4)

Sub-contractors

201

(1)

Specialist sub-contractors

201

(1)

Design by the sub-contractor

202

(1)

The SBC and sub-contract agreements

203

(2)

SBC provisions under the main contract

204

(1)

21 Obtaining Tenders

205

(8)

Introduction

205

(1)

Tender list

206

(1)

Preliminary enquiry

207

(1)

Tender documents and invitation

208

(1)

Tender period

209

(1)

Tender compliance

209

(1)

Late tenders

209

(1)

Opening tenders

210

(1)

Examination and adjustment of the priced document

210

(1)

Negotiated reduction of a tender

211

(1)

Notification of results

211

(1)

Tender analysis

212

(1)

Part IV Contract Administration

213

(154)

22 Placing the Contract

215

(12)

Preparing and signing the contract documents

215

(4)

Sectional completion

216

(1)

Contractor's designed portion

217

(2)

Executing the contract

219

(1)

Performance bonds and parent company guarantees

219

(1)

Collateral warranties

220

(1)

Third party rights

220

(1)

Issue of documents

220

(2)

Insurances

222

(5)

23 Rights, Duties and Liabilities under the SBC

227

(19)

Introduction

227

(18)

The employer

227

(13)

The architect/contract administrator

240

(3)

The quantity surveyor

243

(1)

The planning supervisor

244

(1)

The clerk of works

244

(1)

The person-in-charge

245

(1)

Conclusion

245

(1)

24 Meetings

246

(11)

Initial meeting

246

(5)

Introductions

247

(1)

Factors affecting the carrying out of the works

247

(1)

Programme

248

(1)

Sub-contractors and suppliers

249

(1)

Lines of communication

249

(1)

Financial matters

249

(2)

Procedure to be followed at subsequent meetings

251

(2)

Contractor's meetings

253

(1)

Employer's meetings

253

(4)

25 Site Duties

257

(22)

The architect on site

257

(1)

Supervision and inspection

258

(6)

Routine site visits

259

(1)

Consultants' site visits

260

(1)

Inspections by statutory officials

260

(1)

Records and reports

261

(2)

Samples and testing

263

(1)

Considerate Constructors Scheme

264

(1)

Site safety

265

(4)

Health and Safety Policy

265

(4)

Fire precautions on site

269

(10)

Regulatory control

269

(1)

The Joint Fire Code

269

(1)

Means of escape

270

(1)

Fire-fighting equipment

271

(1)

Emergency plans

272

(1)

Providing information

272

(7)

26 Instructions

279

(5)

Architect/contract administrator's instructions

279

(5)

27 Variations and Post-Contract Cost Control

284

(7)

Variations

284

(1)

Valuing variations

285

(3)

Dayworks

285

(3)

Cost control

288

(3)

28 Interim Payments

291

(14)

Introduction

291

(2)

Payments of pre-determined amounts at regular intervals

292

(1)

Pre-determined payments at pre-determined stages

293

(1)

Regular payments by detailed valuation

293

(1)

Certificates and payments under the SBC

293

(4)

The architect/contract administrator

294

(1)

The quantity surveyor

294

(1)

The employer

294

(2)

The contractor

296

(1)

Interim certificates under the SBC

297

(2)

Unfixed materials and goods on site

298

(1)

Unfixed materials and goods off site

298

(1)

Retention under the SBC

299

(1)

Payments to sub-contractors under the SBC

300

(1)

Value added tax

300

(1)

Valuation and certificate forms

300

(5)

29 Completion, Defects and the Final Account

305

(13)

Practical completion

305

(3)

Partial possession

308

(1)

Possession of the building

309

(1)

Defects and making good

309

(1)

Final account

310

(4)

Adjustment of the contract sum

311

(2)

Practical considerations

313

(1)

Final certificate

314

(4)

30 Delays and Disputes

318

(21)

Introduction

318

(1)

Delays caused by the contractor

319

(1)

Delays caused by employers or their representatives

319

(1)

Delays caused by events outside the control of either party

320

(2)

Force majeure

321

(1)

Exceptionally adverse weather conditions

322

(1)

SBC procedure in the event of delay

322

(4)

Best endeavours

322

(1)

Notification of delay

323

(1)

New completion dates

323

(1)

Final adjustment

324

(1)

Duties and decisions

325

(1)

Reimbursement of loss and/or expense under the SBC

326

(1)

Liquidated damages

327

(1)

Disputes and dispute resolution

328

(11)

Mediation

329

(1)

Adjudication

329

(5)

Arbitration

334

(2)

Litigation

336

(3)

31 Insolvency

339

(18)

Introduction

339

(1)

Insolvency practitioners

339

(1)

Liquidation

340

(1)

Receivership

341

(1)

Administration

341

(2)

After the Enterprise Act 2002

342

(1)

Voluntary arrangements and compositions

343

(1)

Debentures

344

(1)

Procedure upon the insolvency of the contractor

344

(8)

The SBC provisions

345

(1)

Early warning signs and precautionary measures

346

(2)

Completion of the works

348

(2)

Completion documentation

350

(1)

Sub-contractors

351

(1)

Bonds

352

(1)

Final accounts

352

(2)

The procedure upon the insolvency of the contractor

354

(3)

32 Capital Allowances

357

(10)

Introduction

357

(2)

Eligibility for capital allowances

358

(1)

The worth of capital allowances

358

(1)

Tax deductions for property refurbishment schemes

359

(3)

Capital or revenue?

359

(1)

Incidental capital expenditure

360

(1)

Deferred revenue expenditure

360

(1)

Action summary

361

(1)

Energy saving plant and machinery

362

(3)

Key features

362

(1)

Key exclusions

363

(1)

How to claim ECAs

364

(1)

Qualifying products and items

364

(1)

Pre-contract planning to optimise capital allowances

365

(1)

Some questions and answers

365

(2)

Index

367

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The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering & Contract Administration

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials