Aquatic Pollution : An Introductory Text

Aquatic Pollution, Third Edition, is a first-rate teaching and learning tool for courses in environmental science, zoology, oceanography, biology, and civil or sanitary engineering. It is also an excellent primer for policymakers and activists focused on environmental issues.

EDWARD A. LAWS, PhD, is Professor of Oceanography at the University of Hawaii. In addition to the earlier editions of Aquatic Pollution, he is the author of Mathematical Methods for Oceanographers, also published by Wiley.

Preface to the Third Edition

ix

Preface to the Second Edition

xiii

Fundamental Concepts

1

(15)

Simple Food Chain Theory

2

(8)

Food Webs

10

(2)

Food Webs and Ecosystem Stability

12

(1)

References

13

(1)

Questions

13

(3)

Photosynthesis

16

(20)

Light Limitation of Photosynthesis

18

(2)

Nutrient Limitation of Photosynthesis

20

(12)

References

32

(2)

Questions

34

(2)

Physical Factors Affecting Production

36

(24)

Physical Properties of Water

36

(2)

Water Column Stability and Overturning

38

(4)

Seasonal Production Cycles

42

(1)

Trophic Status

43

(1)

Susceptibility of Systems to O2 Depletion

44

(2)

Estuaries---A Special Case

46

(11)

References

57

(1)

Questions

58

(2)

Cultural Eutrophication---Case Studies

60

(57)

Lake Washington

62

(16)

Lake Erie

78

(21)

Kaneohe Bay

99

(12)

References

111

(4)

Questions

115

(2)

Nonpoint Source Pollution

117

(23)

Definitions

118

(1)

Composition of Land Runoff

118

(3)

Types of Sewer Systems

121

(1)

Corrective Measures

122

(5)

A Case Study---Lake Jackson, Florida

127

(11)

References

138

(1)

Questions

139

(1)

Sewage Treatment

140

(32)

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Treatment

141

(10)

Land Application of Sewage

151

(10)

Unconventional Sewage Treatment

161

(2)

Detergent Phosphates

163

(5)

References

168

(2)

Questions

170

(2)

Pathogens in Natural Waters

172

(27)

Sources of Pathogens

173

(1)

Types of Pathogens and Their Detection

173

(9)

Viral Pathogens

182

(5)

Tests for Pathogens

187

(4)

Treatment of Public Water Supplies

191

(4)

References

195

(3)

Questions

198

(1)

Toxicology

199

(41)

The Role of Toxicology in Water Quality Management

200

(1)

Kinds of Toxicity

201

(7)

Determination of Toxicity

208

(5)

Water Quality Standards

213

(5)

The Two-Number Criterion

218

(1)

Complicating Factors

219

(7)

Public Health

226

(6)

Protection of Wildlife

232

(1)

Commentary

233

(1)

References

234

(3)

Questions

237

(3)

Industrial Pollution

240

(34)

The Oxygen Sag

241

(2)

Innovative Strategies for Reducing Industrial Pollution

243

(2)

The Hawaiian Sugar Cane Industry

245

(11)

The Pulp and Paper Industry

256

(10)

A Case Study: The Buckeye Cellulose Corporation Pulp and Paper Mill at Perry, Florida

266

(3)

Commentary

269

(2)

References

271

(2)

Questions

273

(1)

Pesticides

274

(60)

Classification of Pesticides

277

(3)

Pesticide Use

280

(5)

Pesticide Effects on Nontarget Species

285

(3)

Exaggerated and/or Erroneous Charges Against Pesticide Use

288

(7)

Pesticide Persistence in the Biosphere and Food Chain Magnification

295

(4)

Pesticide Effects on Birds

299

(8)

Pest Resistance

307

(1)

Alternatives to Synthetic Pesticide Use

308

(8)

Commentary

316

(5)

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

321

(5)

References

326

(5)

Questions

331

(3)

Thermal Pollution and Power Plants

334

(35)

Power Plant Design

335

(3)

Toxic Effects of Effluent Waters on Biota

338

(5)

Case Study: The Florida Power and Light Power Plant at Turkey Point

343

(6)

Correctives

349

(2)

Internal Plant Kills

351

(7)

Possible Beneficial Uses of Thermal Discharges

358

(6)

References

364

(3)

Questions

367

(2)

Metals

369

(63)

The Question of Biological Magnification

373

(1)

Case Studies

374

(51)

References

425

(4)

Questions

429

(3)

Oil Pollution

432

(48)

Oil Discharges to the Marine Environment

434

(10)

The Genesis of Oil

444

(2)

What Is Oil?

446

(3)

Toxicology

449

(7)

Case Studies

456

(10)

Correctives

466

(7)

Commentary

473

(3)

References

476

(2)

Questions

478

(2)

Radioactivity

480

(59)

Physical Background

481

(3)

Radiation Toxicology

484

(11)

Nuclear Fission and Fission Reactors

495

(6)

Nuclear Fusion

501

(3)

Radiation Releases by Power Plants

504

(15)

Waste Disposal

519

(13)

Commentary

532

(1)

References

533

(3)

Questions

536

(3)

Acid Deposition

539

(25)

Acid Rain

540

(1)

History of the Acid Deposition Problem

541

(2)

Susceptibility of Lakes to Acid Deposition Effects

543

(2)

Acid Deposition Toxicology

545

(2)

Magnitude of Anthropogenic Emissions

547

(2)

Correctives

549

(6)

Legal Aspects

555

(2)

Case Study: The Netherlands

557

(2)

Commentary

559

(2)

References

561

(2)

Questions

563

(1)

Groundwater Pollution

564

(35)

Reliance on Groundwater

565

(2)

Extent of Groundwater Pollution

567

(11)

Case Study: The Rocky Mountain Arsenal

578

(5)

Legal Considerations

583

(7)

Correctives

590

(6)

References

596

(1)

Questions

597

(2)

Plastics in the Sea

599

(16)

The Nature of the Problem

599

(2)

Effects

601

(5)

Correctives

606

(6)

References

612

(2)

Questions

614

(1)

Glossary

615

(14)

Units of Measurement and Abbreviations

629

(2)

Index

631

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Aquatic Pollution : An Introductory Text

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials