- ISBN: 9780073384023 | 007338402X
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 1/13/2012
ARGUMENT!marries solid instruction in critical reading and analysis, argument, and research strategies with a visually engaging and dynamic design. ARGUMENT!teaches students how to read with a critical eye, how to think about and respond to the ideas of others, and ultimately how to craft their own effective, relevant, and engaging arguments.With ARGUMENT!students will learn how to acknowledge and respond to the complex arguments (both visual and textual) that exist all around them in addition to entering debates with their own strong and thoughtful voice.
ArgumentPART ONE [Understanding Arguments]
1 The Basics of Argument 2 Responding Critically to the Arguments of OthersPART TWO[Writing Arguments]
3 Writing Effective Arguments 4 More about Arguments: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacy 5 Refuting an Argument 6 Taking a Position 7 Writing a Casual Analysis 8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
[Understanding Arguments]
1 The Basics of Argument 2 Responding Critically to the Arguments of OthersPART TWO[Writing Arguments]
3 Writing Effective Arguments 4 More about Arguments: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacy 5 Refuting an Argument 6 Taking a Position 7 Writing a Casual Analysis 8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
3 Writing Effective Arguments 4 More about Arguments: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacy 5 Refuting an Argument 6 Taking a Position 7 Writing a Casual Analysis 8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
4 More about Arguments: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacy 5 Refuting an Argument 6 Taking a Position 7 Writing a Casual Analysis 8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
6 Taking a Position 7 Writing a Casual Analysis 8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
8 Writing the Problem/Solution Essay 9 Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
10 Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals and Statistics in Argument PART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
[Writing A Researched Argument]
11 Planning the Researched Argument 12 Evaluating and Utilizing Sources 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument 14 Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More)PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
15 The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture 16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
16 The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World 17 Violent Media or Violent Society? 18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
18 Arguing About Politics: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly19 Students, Teachers, and Schools in the 21st Century20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
20 Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century 21 Enduring Controversies in a New Age: Abortion, Animal Rights, Capital Punishment, and Health Care 22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
22 Marriage and Gender Roles: Changing Attitudes vs. Traditional Values 23 Arguing About Science: Policy, Politics, and Culture 24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
24 Competing Perspectives on the American Economic and Financial Crisis c h a p t e r 1The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
The Basics of Argument What Does an Argument Look Like? Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Recognizing Purpose in Everyday Arguments Understanding Audience in Everyday Arguments Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Why You Need to Learn to Read and Write Arguments. Right Now. PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
PHYLLIS KORKKI“Young Workers: U Nd 2 Improve Ur Writing Skills”
What You Can Expect from Your Writing Assignments Why Read and Respond to the Work of Others? Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Critical Reading and the Contexts of Argument Active Reading: Use Your Mind! Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Understanding the Arguments of Others LEHIGHVALLEYLIVE.COM “Find the Right Punishment for Teen-Age ‘Sexting’”
Characteristics of Argument Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Argument is Conversation with a GoalArgument Takes a Stand on an Arguable IssueArgument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Argument Uses Reasons and EvidenceArgument Incorporates ValuesArgument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Argument Recognizes the Topic’s ComplexityThe Shape of Argument The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
The Aristotelian Model The Toulmin Model The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
The Language of Claims and Support Types of ClaimsSupport for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Support for Claims RICHARD MORIN “Paradise Lost”
Using Toulmin’s Terms to Analyze Arguments LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
LES SCHOBERT “Let the Zoo’s Elephants Go”
c h a p t e r 2Responding Critically to the Arguments of Others Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Responding to Arguments Responding to Content: What Does It Say? Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Writing Summaries ABRAHAM LINCOLN “The Gettysburg Address”
Writing Paraphrases BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
BERTRAND RUSSELL From “A Free Man’s Worship”
The Analytic Response: How Is It Written? Understanding Purpose and Audience in a Style Analysis Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Planning a Style Analysis Drafting a Style Analysis ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
ELLEN GOODMAN “Choosing Our Families”
Student Essay: “Goodman’s Feast of Style”
The Evaluation Response: Does It Achieve Its Purpose? Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Critique or Review Knowing Your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Understanding Your Purpose Establishing a General Plan Drafting the Critique or Review The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
The Research Response: How Does It Help Me Understand Other Works, Ideas, and Events? MEDICAL NEWS TODAY “Grim Warning for America’s Fast Food Consumers Offered by ‘Supersize Me’ Mice Research”
HANY RASHWAN “Communication Key to Egypt’s Uprising”
PART TWO[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
[Writing Arguments]
c h a p t e r 3Writing Effective ArgumentsHILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
HILARY RODHAM CLINTON “Remarks on Internet Freedom”
Understand Your Writing PurposeKnow Your Audience Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Who Is My Audience?What Will My Audience Already Know about My Topic?Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?How Should I Speak to My Audience?Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Move from Topic to Claim to Possible SupportSelecting a TopicDrafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Drafting a Claim or ThesisListing Possible GroundsListing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Listing Grounds for the Other Side or Another PerspectiveConsidering the Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Planning Your Approach Organizing and Drafting Your Argument Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Writing the Introduction and the ConclusionRevising Your DraftEditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
EditingWord Choice and ToneProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
ProofreadingA Checklist for Revision/Editing/ProofreadingDEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
DEBORAH TANNEN“We Need Higher Quality Outrage”
c h a p t e r 4More About Argument: Induction, Deduction, Analogy, and Logical Fallacies InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
InductionDeductionAnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
AnalogyArguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Causes of Illogic Fallacies That Result from OversimplifyingLIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
LIVESCIENCE STAFF “Why Teens Are Lousy at Chores” The Aristotelian Model
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue GREGORY KANE “To Murder Victims’ Families, Executing Killers is Justice”
DAVE BARRY “How to Argue Effectively”
Letter: Better Things to Worry about Than Smoking
c h a p t e r 5Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Refuting an ArgumentWhat Is a Refutation Essay? Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Guidelines for Writing a Refutation Essay DAVID SADKER “Gender Games”
MIKE ALLEYWAY “A refutation piece defending punk culture”
Using Research in Refutation Arguments BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
BOB HERBERT “Flailing after Muslims”
COLBERT I. KING “You Can’t Fight Terrorism with Racism”
c h a p t e r 6 Taking a PositionCharacteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Characteristics of a Position Argument Writing a Position Essay Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Planning and Organizing the Position Essay Counterarguments and Finding Common Ground Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Editorial: “Ultimately We Control Our Own Privacy Levels on Facebook”
Drafting the Position Essay BRANDON KEIM “Brain-Enhancing Drugs: Legalize ’Em, Scientists Say”
c h a p t e r 7Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Writing a Casual Analysis What Is a Causal Essay? Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Characteristics of Causal Arguments Recognizing Relationships in Causal Arguments Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Mill’s Methods for Investigating Causes Planning and Drafting a Causal Argument Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Planning the Causal Argument Using Visuals in the Causal EssayDrafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Drafting the Causal ArgumentCounterarguments in Causal Essays A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
A Checklist for Revision GREGG EASTERBROOK “TV Really Might Cause Autism”
Guidelines for Analyzing Causal Arguments EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
EUGENE ROBINSON “A Specious ‘Experiment’”
c h a p t e r 8 Writing the Problem/Solution EssayCharacteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Characteristics of Problem/Solution Arguments Planning and Writing a Problem/Solution Argument Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Drafting A Checklist for Revision Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Editorial:“Reviewing Criminal Justice”
Guidelines for Analyzing Problem/Solution Arguments PETER MOSKOS AND “NEILL” FRANKLIN “It’s Time to Legalize Drugs”
c h a p t e r 9Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWhat is a Rhetorical Analysis?Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Examining the Context of an ArgumentWho is the Author?Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Who is the Audience? What is the Author’s Purpose?What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
What Are the Writer’s Sources of Information?Understanding an Author’s Attitude and ToneDenotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Denotative and Connotative Word ChoiceRecognizing ToneAnalyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing an Author’s ToneAnalyzing for Tone: Word Choice Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing for Tone: Sentence Structure Analyzing for Tone: Metaphors Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing for Tone: Organization and Examples Analyzing for Tone: Repetition Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing for Tone: Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony Analyzing for Tone: Visuals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: LogosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Analyzing for Persuasive Appeals: EthosAnalyzing for Persuasive Appeals: PathosSome Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
Some Final Thoughts on Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisPART THREE[Writing A Researched Argument]
c h a p t e r 10Reading, Analyzing, and Using Visuals in Argument Responding to Visual ArgumentsReading Graphics Understanding How Graphics DifferTechniques for Interpreting Graphics The Uses of Authority and Statistics Judging Authorities Understanding and Evaluating Statistics Sample Student Essay with GraphicsJOE NAVARRO “Every Body’s Talking”
c h a p t e r 11Planning the Researched ArgumentFinding a Workable and Manageable Topic Who is My Audience?What Are the Assignment’s Time and Length Constraints? What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?How Can I Select a Good Topic?Writing a Tentative Claim or Research ProposalLocating Effective Print and Online Sources Preparing a Working Bibliography Basic Form for BooksBasic Form for ArticlesKnowing Your LibraryLocating BooksUsing the Reference CollectionBasic Reference ToolsUsing Indexes to Periodicals: In Print and Online Using Indexes to Academic Journals: In Print and Online Searching the Internet Conducting Field Research Federal, State, and Local Government DocumentsCorrespondence InterviewsLecturesFilms, Tapes, Television, Online Multimedia SourcesSurveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research c h a p t e r 12Evaluating and Utilizing Sources Finding Sources Evaluating Sources and Maintaining Credibility Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism What Is Common Knowledge? Taking Notes on SourcesUsing “Tags” or “Signal Phrases” to Avoid Misleading Documentation c h a p t e r 13 Drafting and Revising the Researched Argument Organizing the PaperThe Format Outline Drafting the Paper Plan Your TimeHandle Documentation As You DraftChoose and Maintain an Appropriate Writing Style Avoid Ineffective OpeningsCompose Solid, Unified Paragraphs Provide Unity and CoherenceGuide Readers through Source Material Synthesize Source Material and Your Own IdeasAvoid Ineffective ConclusionsWrite Effective Conclusions Choose an Effective Title The Completed PaperRevising the Paper: A Checklist RevisingEditingProofreadingc h a p t e r 14Documenting Sources (MLA, APA, and More) MLA Style MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation Nonprint or Internet Sources Preparing MLA Citations for a “Works Cited” PageSample Student Essay in MLA Style APA StyleAPA Style: In-Text Citations APA Style: Preparing a List of References Sample Student Essay in APA Style Footnote or Endnote Style In-Text Citations Footnote/Endnote Form: First (Primary) Reference Sample Footnotes/Endnotes Footnote/Endnote Form: Short FormsSample Bibliography PART FOUR[An Anthology of Contemporary Arguments]
c h a p t e r 15The Myth and Reality of the Image in American Consumer Culture HUGH GRAHAM “The End of Consumer Culture?”
NINA POWER “Capitalism, Consumerism and Feminism”
Kia Advertisements
ANDY COGHLAN1“Consumerism Is ‘Eating the Future’”
CARLA FRIED“McDonald’s Hit by Happy Meal Toy Ban”
JEFF HOWE“Why The Music Industry Hates Guitar Hero”
c h a p t e r 16The Challenges of Living in a High-Tech, Multimedia World Maps of Facebook, Internet, and Cell Penetration in North Africa and Middle East
[Writing A Researched Argument]