The Articulated Peasant: Household Economies

"The Articulated Peasant" presents an overview of Enrique Mayer's foundational contribution to an understanding of peasant economies in the Andes from Inca times to the present, stressing the underlying basic elements that define a peasant economy within a changing cultural context of the Inca and colonial tributary economy to today's neo-liberal market dominated economies.

Enrique Mayer is professor of anthropology at Yale University.

List of Illustrations

xi

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

The Household in Perspective

1

(46)

House, Field, and Money

1

(3)

The Household in the Andes

4

(31)

The Household in the Community

35

(12)

Redistribution and Trade in Inca Society

47

(28)

The Ethnic Group

49

(3)

Economic Organization of the Inca State

52

(2)

Evidence for Trade

54

(1)

Trade in Luxuries

55

(3)

Marketplaces in Cities and Towns

58

(2)

Interecological Trade

60

(8)

The Growth of Trading in Colonial Times

68

(2)

Postscript

70

(5)

A Tribute to the Household: Domestic Economy and the Encomienda in Colonial Peru

75

(30)

Saturday, February 14, 1562

78

(1)

The Testimony

79

(10)

Household Types

89

(5)

The Burden of Tribute

94

(5)

Conclusions

99

(3)

Postscript

102

(3)

The Rules of the Game in Andean Reciprocity

105

(38)

How Reciprocity Works

105

(3)

Forms of Andean Reciprocity

108

(4)

Plowing and Harvesting

112

(4)

Exploitation with Reciprocity

116

(2)

Ceremonial Exchanges

118

(3)

Reciprocity, Redistribution and Symbolic Capital

121

(2)

Taxation

123

(5)

Counting and Sharing

128

(3)

The Limits of Reciprocity

131

(4)

Postscript

135

(8)

Aspects of Barter

143

(30)

Impurities

143

(2)

Harvest Failure

145

(3)

Strategies Intended to Overcome the Crisis

148

(3)

Barter: A Generalized Exchange System

151

(2)

Forms of Barter

153

(4)

Why Barter?

157

(11)

Postscript

168

(5)

Coca as Commodity: Local Use and Global Abuse

173

(32)

Coca's Economic Functions

174

(3)

Social Roles of Coca

177

(4)

Access to Coca and Ethnic Domination

181

(3)

Coca Substitution

184

(2)

The New Context in the Late 1990s

186

(5)

Aggressive Marketing

191

(4)

Respect for Coca

195

(2)

Undue Appropriation

197

(2)

Postscript

199

(6)

Alguito Para Ganar (``A Little Something To Earn''): Profits and Losses in Peasant Economies (with Manuel Glave)

205

(34)

Tulumayo and Paucartambo Valleys

210

(2)

Real Losses (Total Balances)

212

(5)

Monetary Balances and the Illusion of Profits

217

(3)

Subsistence Production Costs Money

220

(5)

Ethnography of Accounting

225

(5)

The Question of Subsidies

230

(4)

Postscript

234

(5)

Production Zones

239

(40)

A Myth

239

(1)

Introduction

240

(2)

Organization of Production Zones

242

(7)

The Dynamics in Production Zones

249

(12)

The Limitations of Village-Based Verticality

261

(5)

Individual Interest Groups in Villages

266

(4)

Conclusions

270

(2)

Postscript

272

(7)

Land Tenure and Communal Control in Laraos

279

(34)

The Community

281

(1)

The Puna and the Grazing Estancias

282

(1)

The Agricultural Zones

283

(8)

Diachronic Variation

291

(8)

Old Liberalism

299

(5)

Postscript

304

(9)

Household Economies Under Neo-Liberalism

313

(20)

Structural Readjustment

313

(3)

Neo-Liberalism

316

(2)

The Poor Household

318

(5)

Property

323

(4)

Neo-Liberal Approaches to Environmental Conservation

327

(6)

Glossary

333

(8)

References Cited

341

(34)

Index

375

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The Articulated Peasant: Household Economies In The Andes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials