The Arts And Human Development With A New

A revised edition of Gardner's classic on the development of creativity. Illustrated throughout with children's art, this book is a systematic examination of the relation between youthful participation in the arts and the ultimate craftsmanship attained by gifted artists.

Howard Gardner is the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor in Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Among numerous honors, Gardner received a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1981. In 1990, he was the first American to receive the University of Louisville's Grawemeyer Award in education. In 2000, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Figures, Tables, and Works of Art

viii

Preface and Overview

xi

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction to the Paperback Edition

xxi

The Relationship of Art to Human Development

1

(52)

Developmental Research

1

(6)

Previous Psychological Studies in Aesthetics

7

(13)

A Developmental Study of the Arts: Questions and Issues

20

(5)

The Artistic Process

25

(5)

Characteristics of the Arts

30

(7)

The Three Systems

37

(6)

A Brief Glossary

43

(1)

Cognition, Animals, and the Artistic Process

44

(9)

The Three Systems in Animals and Infants

53

(35)

Primate Painting and Avian Song

53

(6)

The Making System

59

(4)

The Perceiving System

63

(6)

The Feeling System

69

(9)

The Interaction of Systems

78

(5)

The Threshold of Symbol Use

83

(5)

From Mode to Symbol

88

(37)

Characteristics of Early Childhood

89

(2)

Relations Between Persons and the Development of the Self

91

(2)

Imitation and the Self

93

(2)

Generalized Feelings

95

(3)

Modes and Vectors

98

(9)

Modes, Objects, and Symbols

107

(3)

A Convergence of Orientations

110

(6)

Infant Art

116

(9)

The World of Symbols

125

(53)

The Broken Cookie

125

(1)

Symbols

126

(7)

Conceptualizing Change

133

(3)

Language

136

(4)

Linguistic Play by the Young Child

140

(6)

Modal Play

146

(4)

Feeling

150

(4)

Perceiving

154

(4)

Making

158

(3)

Interaction of Systems

161

(2)

Play

163

(3)

The Young Child as Artist

166

(2)

Research on General Aspects of the Arts

168

(4)

Summary

172

(6)

Experimental Research on Artistic Development

178

(64)

Methods, Problems, and Prospects

178

(9)

Music

187

(11)

Literature

198

(17)

Making of Pictorial Art

215

(8)

Perceiving of Pictorial Art

223

(2)

General Remarks

225

(5)

Individual Differences

230

(12)

Achieving Mastery

242

(59)

Sartre's Childhood

242

(4)

The Artist's Background

246

(10)

Artistic Training During Middle Childhood and Adolescence

256

(4)

Personal and Stylistic Aspects of the Young Artists

260

(5)

Universals and Modes

265

(2)

Inspiration and Discipline in the Creative Process

267

(3)

Problem-solving in a Medium

270

(7)

Creating from the Artist's Viewpoint

277

(2)

Studies of Creativity

279

(4)

The Development of Artistic Skills

283

(4)

Training Methods

287

(5)

Concluding Remarks

292

(9)

The Relationship of the Arts to Science, Illness, and Truth

301

(50)

Scientific Development as Described by Piaget

301

(5)

Formal Operations and Art

306

(5)

The Artistic and the Scientific Processes

311

(5)

Creativity in Art and Science

316

(2)

Personality Traits of Artists and Scientists

318

(5)

The Audience Member

323

(3)

The Critic

326

(3)

The Performer

329

(6)

The Artist and his Work

335

(4)

Art and Neurosis

339

(4)

Art and Psychosis

343

(3)

Art and Truth

346

(5)

Bibliographical Notes

351

(32)

Author Index

383

(6)

Subject Index

389

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The Arts And Human Development With A New Introduction By The Author

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials