An Associate's Guide to the Practice of Copyright Law
, by Kent, Meaghan Hemmings; Kaufman, Joshua J.- ISBN: 9780195373479 | 0195373472
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 8/19/2009
Meaghan Hemmings Kent is a senior associate at Venable, LLP, where she focuses her practice on intellectual property litigation, including patent, trademark and copyright claims. She also has experience in trademark prosecution before the USPTO, and proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.
Joshua Kaufman is a partner at Venable, LLP, where he is the head of the firm's Copyright and Licensing group. He counsels and litigates in the fields of copyright, e-commerce, licensing, art, intellectual property, software, on-line issues, trademark, entertainment, media and literary law. Mr. Kaufman was one of the nation's first computer and cyber lawyers. Kaufman is also one of the country's most well-known art lawyers and represents a wide variety of artists, art publishers, art licensing agents and art licensees.
About the Authors | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Brief Introduction | p. 1 |
Copyright Basics | p. 3 |
ACopyright Is a Bundle of Exclusive Rights | p. 3 |
The Law of Copyright Exists in Statutory and Case Law | p. 4 |
Copyrights Protect Original Works of Authorship | p. 7 |
Only the "Expression" of an Original Work Is Copyrightable | p. 8 |
A "Derivative" or "Compilation" of Copyrightable Works Is Itself Copyrightable | p. 8 |
Copyright Protection Exists with Creation | p. 9 |
Registration Enhances Copyright Protection and Remedies | p. 10 |
Registration Is a Prerequisite to Copyright Litigation | p. 10 |
Copyrights Are Usually Owned by the Author | p. 11 |
Under the "Work for Hire" Doctrine, the Employer or Commissioner Owns the Copyright | p. 11 |
When the Author Cannot Be Located or Identified, the Work Is Called an "Orphan Work" | p. 13 |
Copyright Protection Lasts for Varying Amounts of Time | p. 14 |
"Publication" Is a Central Event for a Copyrighted Work | p. 15 |
Copyright Registration and Notice | p. 19 |
Copyright Registrations: Explaining the Benefits to a Client | p. 21 |
The Cost of Registration Is Low | p. 21 |
The Benefits of Early Registration Are Significant | p. 23 |
Registration Is Required Before Litigation | p. 24 |
Registration Allows Recordation with U.S. Customs | p. 25 |
Copyright Registration: The Guidelines | p. 25 |
Copyright Registration: The Application | p. 25 |
The Forms Vary Depending on the Work | p. 25 |
The Deposit Material Requirements Vary Depending on the Type of Work | p. 26 |
The Fees Vary Depending on the Method of Registration | p. 28 |
Copyright Registration: The Method | p. 28 |
Copyright Registration: Completing the Application | p. 30 |
The Work Being Registered | p. 30 |
1a: Work Being Registered | p. 30 |
1b: Title of the Work | p. 31 |
1c: Serial Issues | p. 31 |
1d: Previous or Alternative Titles | p. 31 |
1e: Year of Completion | p. 31 |
1f: Date of Publication | p. 31 |
1g: ISBN | p. 32 |
1h: Nation of Publication | p. 32 |
1i: Published as a Contribution in a Larger Work | p. 32 |
1j: More Regarding Serial Issues | p. 32 |
1k: Preregistered Works | p. 32 |
Author | p. 33 |
2a: Personal Name/2b: Organization Name | p. 33 |
2c: Doing Business As | p. 33 |
2d: Year of Birth/2e: Year of Death | p. 33 |
2f: Citizenship, Domicile | p. 33 |
2g: Author's Contribution | p. 33 |
2h: What the Author Created | p. 34 |
Claimant | p. 34 |
3a: Personal Name/3b: Organization Name | p. 34 |
3c: Doing Business As | p. 34 |
3d: Address | p. 34 |
3e: Where Claimant Is Not an Author | p. 34 |
Limitation of Copyright Claim | p. 34 |
4a: Material Excluded from the Claim | p. 35 |
4b: Previous Registrations | p. 35 |
4c: New Materials Included in the Claim | p. 36 |
Rights and Permissions Contact | p. 36 |
Correspondence Contact | p. 37 |
Registration Certificate Contact | p. 37 |
Certification | p. 37 |
Copyright Registration of Computer Programs | p. 37 |
Expediting Registration | p. 40 |
Preregistration | p. 41 |
After the Registration Certificate Issues | p. 43 |
Copyright Notice Should Be Included on All Works | p. 43 |
A Copyright Notice Includes Three Elements | p. 44 |
Copyright Transfer: Licenses and Assignments | p. 47 |
Ownership of Copyrights | p. 48 |
Copyright Transfer | p. 48 |
Assignments | p. 49 |
Licenses | p. 49 |
Ownership of the Work Is Not the Same as Ownership of the Copyright | p. 50 |
An Effective Transfer Requires Two Main Elements | p. 50 |
A Nonexclusive License Is Not Technically a "Transfer" | p. 51 |
A Transfer Can Be Recorded with the Copyright Office | p. 52 |
Effecting a Recordation | p. 52 |
Advantages of Recordation | p. 53 |
A Transfer May Be Terminated to Recapture the Renewal Period | p. 54 |
Drafting Agreements | p. 55 |
Work for Hire Agreement | p. 55 |
Assignment | p. 56 |
Exclusive License | p. 57 |
Nonexclusive License | p. 59 |
Licensing in Specific Fields | p. 60 |
Music Licensing | p. 60 |
Obtaining the Rights | p. 60 |
Rates | p. 62 |
Art Licensing | p. 63 |
Book Licensing | p. 65 |
Obtaining Permission to Use a Book or Portions of a Book | p. 65 |
Publication Agreements and Book Deals | p. 67 |
Licenses in Educational Settings | p. 69 |
Licensing in Religious Settings | p. 72 |
Use of a Person's Image-The Right of Publicity | p. 72 |
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Take-Down Notices | p. 75 |
Service Provider Protection through the Safe Harbor | p. 76 |
Drafting the Take-Down Notice | p. 77 |
Determine the Designated Agent | p. 77 |
Required Elements of the Take-Down Notice | p. 77 |
When to Use This Alternative | p. 78 |
There Are Negative Implications for Those Who Abuse the Process | p. 79 |
How to React When a Client's Materials Have Been Subject to a Take-Down Notice | p. 79 |
Drafting the Counter Notice | p. 80 |
Preventing a DMCA Take-Down Notice | p. 81 |
Ensuring Compliance with the DMCA if Your Client Is a Service Provider | p. 81 |
Cease and Desist Letters | p. 85 |
The Pros and Cons of a Cease and Desist Letter | p. 86 |
The Cost of a Cease and Desist Letter Is Lower Than Litigation | p. 86 |
Cease and Desist Letters Can Garner a Speedier Result Than Litigation | p. 87 |
Cease and Desist Letters Lack Teeth | p. 87 |
Cease and Desist Letters Can Instigate Litigation that Your Client May Not Be Prepared For | p. 87 |
Weighing the Pros and Cons | p. 89 |
Consider Filing a Complaint Before Sending a Cease and Desist Letter | p. 89 |
Research to Conduct Before Sending a Cease and Desist Letter | p. 91 |
Verify that the Work Is Copyrightable | p. 91 |
Verify the Copyright Ownership | p. 92 |
Question Any Licensing History | p. 92 |
Consider the Accused Infringer's Potential Defenses | p. 93 |
Evaluate Registration | p. 93 |
Make Sure There Is an Infringement | p. 93 |
Research the Extent of the Infringement | p. 94 |
Research the Recipient | p. 94 |
The Potential Outcomes and Repercussions | p. 94 |
Drafting the Letter | p. 95 |
Determining Who Should Receive the Letter | p. 95 |
Elements to Include in the Letter | p. 97 |
How to Respond to a Cease and Desist Letter | p. 98 |
Provide Your Client with a Litigation Hold Notice | p. 100 |
Copyright Litigation | p. 103 |
Steps to Take Prior to Filing a Claim for Copyright Infringement | p. 107 |
Register the Copyright | p. 108 |
Evaluate Whether There Is a Claim | p. 109 |
Determine the Ownership of the Copyright | p. 109 |
Ensure That the Copyright Is Valid | p. 110 |
Determine Whether You Can Show Copying | p. 111 |
Access to the Copyrighted Work | p. 111 |
Substantial Similarity | p. 112 |
Consider Problems with Your Case and Any Defenses | p. 115 |
Evaluate the Strength of the Infringement Case | p. 115 |
Consider the Strength of the Copyright | p. 115 |
Nonprotectable Elements of a Copyrighted Work | p. 115 |
The Merger Doctrine | p. 115 |
Thin Copyrights | p. 116 |
Consider the Strength of the Infringement | p. 117 |
Comparing the Works for Substantial Similarity | p. 117 |
Evaluating the Extent of the Infringement | p. 118 |
Determine and Research the Defendant(s) | p. 119 |
Consider Where to File | p. 120 |
Impose a Litigation Hold | p. 121 |
Drafting, Filing, and Serving a Complaint | p. 122 |
Venue and Jurisdiction | p. 122 |
Subject Matter Jurisdiction | p. 122 |
Personal Jurisdiction | p. 123 |
Venue | p. 124 |
Factual Background | p. 125 |
Causes of Action | p. 125 |
Filing the Complaint and Additional Materials | p. 128 |
Civil Cover Sheet | p. 128 |
Summons | p. 129 |
Corporate Interest and Financial Interest Disclosure Statement | p. 129 |
Copyright Form-AO121 | p. 129 |
Service | p. 130 |
Amending the Complaint | p. 131 |
Preliminary Injunctive Relief | p. 131 |
Temporary Restraining Orders | p. 131 |
Preliminary Injunctions | p. 132 |
When Your Client Receives a Complaint | p. 133 |
Service | p. 133 |
Insurance Issues | p. 134 |
Litigation Hold | p. 136 |
Receiving an Amended Complaint | p. 136 |
Initial Dispositive Motions | p. 137 |
Motions That Must Be Filed Before Answering | p. 137 |
Personal Jurisdiction | p. 137 |
Improper Venue | p. 138 |
Motions That May Be Filed Before Answering | p. 138 |
Subject Matter Jurisdiction Can Be Raised Before Answering or Any Time Thereafter | p. 139 |
Timing of Motions and Answers | p. 139 |
Answering, Defenses, Counterclaims | p. 140 |
Answering | p. 140 |
Affirmative Defenses | p. 142 |
Statute of Limitations | p. 143 |
Abandonment or Forfeiture of Copyright | p. 144 |
The Work Is in the Public Domain | p. 144 |
Independent Creation | p. 145 |
Fair Use | p. 146 |
License or Implied License | p. 147 |
Merger Doctrine or Unprotectable Elements | p. 148 |
Fraud on the Copyright Office | p. 149 |
Unclean Hands | p. 150 |
Copyright Misuse | p. 150 |
Innocent Intent | p. 150 |
Equitable Estoppel | p. 151 |
Counterclaims and Crossclaims | p. 151 |
Remedies | p. 153 |
Monetary Damages | p. 153 |
Costs and Attorneys' Fees | p. 156 |
Injunctions | p. 156 |
Destruction of the Infringing Goods | p. 158 |
Discovery | p. 158 |
Rule 26 Disclosures | p. 160 |
Written Discovery | p. 160 |
Plaintiff's General Requests | p. 161 |
Defendant's General Requests | p. 163 |
Interrogatories | p. 164 |
Creation of the Work | p. 165 |
Validity | p. 166 |
Ownership | p. 166 |
Infringement | p. 167 |
Damages | p. 168 |
Defenses | p. 169 |
General Discovery | p. 170 |
Counterclaims | p. 170 |
Requests for Admission | p. 171 |
Requests for Production of Documents and Things | p. 175 |
Creation of the Work and Validity | p. 177 |
Ownership | p. 178 |
Infringement | p. 178 |
Damages | p. 180 |
Defenses | p. 181 |
General Discovery | p. 181 |
Counterclaims | p. 182 |
Confidentiality Agreements/Protective Orders | p. 182 |
Responding to Written Discovery | p. 182 |
Interrogatories | p. 183 |
Requests for Admission | p. 186 |
Requests for Production of Things and/or Documents | p. 187 |
Subpoenas | p. 189 |
Issuing a Subpoena | p. 189 |
Responding to a Subpoena | p. 192 |
Depositions | p. 192 |
Who to Depose | p. 192 |
When to Take the Depositions | p. 193 |
Noticing the Deposition | p. 194 |
Depositions of an Organization | p. 195 |
Preparing to Take a Deposition | p. 195 |
Creation of the Work | p. 196 |
Validity | p. 196 |
Ownership | p. 196 |
Infringement | p. 197 |
Damages | p. 197 |
Defenses and Counterclaims | p. 197 |
Taking a Deposition | p. 198 |
Defending a Deposition | p. 203 |
Discovery Disputes | p. 205 |
Motions to Compel | p. 205 |
Protective Orders | p. 206 |
Experts | p. 207 |
Types of Experts | p. 207 |
Locating an Expert | p. 208 |
Communications with an Expert | p. 210 |
Expert Reports | p. 211 |
Deposition of an Expert | p. 212 |
Motions to Exclude Experts | p. 213 |
Dispositive Motions | p. 214 |
Hearings | p. 216 |
Settlement and Mediation | p. 217 |
Pretrial | p. 220 |
Trial and Preparing for Trial | p. 222 |
Post-Trial | p. 223 |
Equitable Relief | p. 223 |
Relief from Judgment | p. 224 |
Collecting on a Judgment | p. 225 |
Recovering Fees and Costs | p. 225 |
United States Customs and the International Trade Commission | p. 231 |
U.S. Customs Recordal | p. 232 |
Recordal | p. 232 |
Enforcement | p. 234 |
International Trade Commission | p. 235 |
Appendix | p. 239 |
Table of Cases | p. 307 |
Index | p. 313 |
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