Asthma and Respiratory Infections

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ISBN: 9780824777104 | 0824777107
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/8/2000

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Performing a thorough and detailed study of one of the most common yet less accurately understood causes of human illness, this all-inclusive reference examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and future treatment options for asthma and respiratory infections. Contains up-to-date results from clinical trials of antiviral agents that explore new avenues of therapy-including interferons, ICAM-1 receptor blockades, vaccines, and mediator antagonists!

Series Introduction (Claude Lenfant)

iii

Preface

Contributors

vii

Part One EPIDEMIOLOGY

The Impact of Respiratory Virus Infections on the World's Children

(22)

Floyd W. Denny, Jr.

Introduction

(1)

Classification of Acute Respiratory Infections

(1)

Etiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

(4)

Role of Respiratory Viruses and Bacteria as Causes of Acute Respiratory Infections

(6)

Role of Various Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections

(2)

Role of Acute Respiratory Infections in Developing Countries

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

(4)

References

(3)

Respiratory Viruses and Asthma: Epidemiological Considerations in Evaluating Their Association

(22)

Theodore J. Witek

Introduction

(1)

Respiratory Viruses Associated with Asthma

(3)

Basic Observations

(10)

Host and Environmental Factors

(2)

Summary

(6)

References

(5)

Rates of Asthma Exacerbations During Viral Respiratory Infection

(18)

Jonathan M. Corne

Sebastian L. Johnston

Richard Beasley

Early Case Reports

(1)

Indirect Evidence---Time-Series Studies

(2)

Studies in Adults

(1)

Cross-Sectional Studies in Children

(3)

Hospital-Based Incidental Studies in Children

(1)

Hospital-Based Incidental Studies in Adults

(1)

Cohort Studies in Children

(3)

Cohort Studies in Adults

(1)

Studies Utilizing PCR---Children

(2)

Studies Utilizing PCR---Adults

(1)

Summary of Studies

(1)

Future Studies

(1)

Conclusions

(3)

References

(3)

Risk Factors for Wheezing with Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

(26)

Michael Kabesch

Erika von Mutius

Introduction

(1)

Wheezing in Infancy and Childhood

(2)

Incidence and Type of Viral Infections in Wheezing Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses

(1)

Risk Factors for Wheeze with Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

(11)

Summary

(11)

References

(10)

Part Two PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS

Mechanisms of Virus-Induced Asthma

(14)

Richard G. Hegele

James C. Hogg

Introduction

(1)

Overview of Viral Infections

(3)

The Effects of Acute Viral Infections on the Airways

(4)

Latent Viral Infections

(2)

Persistent Viral Infections

(1)

Summary

(4)

References

(4)

The Use of Experimentally Infected Volunteers in Research on the Common Cold

103

(26)

Jack M. Gwaltney

Introduction

103

(1)

History

103

(3)

Methodology

106

(4)

Applications of the Rhinovirus Challenge Model

110

(4)

Performance of the Rhinovirus Challenge Model

114

(6)

Advantage and Disadvantage of Experimental Colds in Research

120

(1)

Conclusion

121

(8)

References

121

(8)

Overview of Experimental Animal Respiratory Viral Provocation Models

129

(26)

Gert Folkerts

Henk J. Van der Linde

Frans P. Nijkamp

Introduction

129

(1)

Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Histamine and Histamine Release

130

(2)

Parasympathetic Nerves

132

(3)

Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Nerves

135

(4)

β2-Receptors

139

(1)

Epithelial Damage and Dysfunction

139

(16)

References

143

(12)

Role of Allergy and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Virus-Induced Asthma

155

(28)

James E. Gern

Robert F. Lemanske

William W. Busse

Epidemiology of Viral Infections and Asthma

155

(2)

Interactions Between Viruses and Allergy

157

(9)

Possible Mechanisms for Interaction of Viral Infection and Allergy

166

(8)

Summary

174

(9)

References

174

(9)

Limitations of Human Experimental Provocation Model for Investigating the Virus--Asthama Link

183

(10)

Deborah A. Gentile

David P. Skoner

Background

183

(3)

Severity of Infection

186

(1)

Inoculation Methodologies

186

(1)

Viral Characteristics

187

(1)

Subject Characteristics

188

(1)

Environmental Factors

188

(1)

Assessment of Outcomes

189

(1)

Conclusion

190

(3)

References

190

(3)

Stress, Viral Respiratory Infections, and Asthma

193

(16)

Sheldon Cohen

Mario Rodriguez

Introduction

193

(1)

What Is Stress?

194

(2)

How Could Stress Affect Asthma?

196

(7)

Conclusions

203

(6)

References

204

(5)

Part Three CURRENT AND FUTURE TREATMENTS

General Virology and Targets for Therapy

209

(12)

David Tyrrell

Introduction

209

(2)

Virus Diagnosis

211

(3)

Prevention or Treatment of Virus Infection

214

(4)

Further Prospects

218

(1)

General Comments

219

(2)

References

220

(1)

Advances in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Infections

221

(24)

A. J. Chauhann

Sebastian L. Johnston

Introduction

221

(1)

Specimens

222

(1)

Detection of Virus by Electron Microscopy

223

(1)

Detection of Virus by Cell Culture

223

(1)

Additional Test for Cell Culture (Rapid Culture Assays)

224

(1)

Detection of Viral Antigen

225

(1)

Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids

226

(13)

Conclusions

239

(6)

References

239

(6)

Current Modalities for Treatment of Respiratory Viruses and Virus-Induced Asthma

245

(14)

Elliot F. Ellis

Chemotherapy of Rhinovirus Infection

246

(2)

Chemotherapy of Coronaviruses

248

(1)

Chemotherapy of Influenza A

248

(2)

Chemotherapy of Paramyxoviruses (RSV and Parainfluenza)

250

(2)

Prevention/Treatment of Virus-Induced Asthma

252

(2)

Note Added in Proof

254

(5)

References

255

(4)

Previously Conducted Trials to Evaluate New Avenues of Therapy

259

(14)

Robert L. Atmar

Ronald B. Turner

Experimental Models for the Study of Viral Respiratory Pathogens

259

(2)

Rhinoviruses

261

(4)

Coronavirus Infections

265

(8)

References

266

(7)

Author Index

273

(30)

Subject Index

303

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Asthma and Respiratory Infections

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials