Attention, Genes and ADHD

Recent advances in genetic methodology are providing important aetiological and developmental information to the growing literature on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related conditions.Attention, Genes and ADHDis the first book to review and integrate both behaviour-genetic and molecular-genetic advances in this area. It brings together international researchers to show how modern techniques may be applied to the investigation of ADHD, and reviews current findings in the field of ADHD and related conditions.

List of contributors

xi

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgements

xv

Introduction

1

(6)

Florence Levy

Introduction to the genetic analysis of attentional disorders

7

(28)

David A. Hay

Michael McStephen

Florence Levy

The aims of behaviour genetics

7

(2)

Why are people different?

9

(1)

The tools of behaviour genetics

10

(4)

An example of genetic analysis of ADHD

14

(11)

Is ADHD a continuum or a discrete category?

25

(5)

Discussion

30

(2)

References

32

(3)

The diagnostic genetics of ADHD symptoms and subtypes

35

(23)

Florence Levy

Michael McStephen

David A. Hay

Introduction

35

(1)

Diagnostic genetics

36

(1)

Categorical versus dimensional systems

37

(1)

Heritability

38

(1)

Australian Twin ADHD Project (ATAP)

38

(1)

Concordance data

39

(3)

Genetic analysis

42

(3)

Item analysis

45

(1)

Univariate item analysis

46

(3)

Multivariate item analysis

49

(3)

Discussion

52

(3)

References

55

(3)

The developmental genetics of ADHD

58

(22)

David A. Hay

Michael McStephen

Florence Levy

Introduction

58

(4)

Stability and changes in symptomatology

62

(6)

The long-term outcome of ADHD

68

(3)

Psychopathology in adult relatives of young people with ADHD

71

(1)

Trends in molecular studies

72

(1)

Discussion

73

(3)

References

76

(4)

Familial and genetic bases of speech and language disorders

80

(19)

Barbara A. Lewis

The search for phenotype definitions

81

(1)

Studies of phenotypes

82

(2)

Incidence/prevalence

84

(1)

Gender as a risk factor

84

(1)

Familial aggregation

85

(1)

Studi that suggest a genetic component/genetic studies

85

(2)

Comorbid disorders

87

(3)

Pilot data

90

(2)

Genetic explanations

92

(2)

Summary

94

(1)

References

94

(5)

Comorbidity of reading/spelling disability and ADHD

99

(16)

Jim Stevenson

Defining reading and spelling disabilities

99

(2)

Epidemiological evidence for the high comorbidity of ADHD and RSD

101

(3)

Quantitative genetic studies of RSD

104

(3)

Molecular genetic studies of RSD

107

(1)

Evidence for shared genetic influences on ADHD and RSD

108

(2)

Conclusions

110

(1)

References

110

(5)

Causes of the overlap among symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder

115

(24)

Irwin D. Waldman

Soo Hyun Rhee

Florence Levy

David A. Hay

Method

119

(5)

Results

124

(9)

Discussion

133

(3)

References

136

(3)

Aetiology of the sex difference in the prevalence of DSM-III-R ADHD: a comparison of two models

139

(18)

Soo Hyun Rhee

Irwin D. Waldman

David A. Hay

Florence Levy

Differences between ADHD boys and girls

139

(2)

Sex differences in the prevalence of ADHD

141

(4)

Present study

145

(6)

Results

151

(1)

Discussion

152

(2)

References

154

(3)

Single gene studies of ADHD

157

(16)

Alan Zametkin

Monique Ernst

Robert Cohen

Introduction

157

(1)

Genetics

157

(1)

Molecular studies

158

(3)

Recent studies investigating single genes

161

(1)

Gene to brain

162

(1)

Fragile-X syndrome

163

(4)

References

167

(6)

Molecular genetics of ADHD

173

(23)

Cathy Barr

James Swanson

James Kennedy

Introduction

173

(3)

Characterisation of the ADHD phenotype for genetic studies

176

(5)

Design of studies for molecular genetics

181

(1)

Molecular genetics

182

(2)

Genetic data analyses

184

(2)

Molecular genetic studies of ADHD

186

(2)

Summary and future directions

188

(1)

References

189

(7)

The genetic relationship between ADHD and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

196

(18)

David Pauls

Nancy Fredine

Kimberly Lynch

Charles R. Hurst

John P. Alsobrook II

Phenomenology and natural history of ADHD

197

(1)

Neuropsychological assessment of GTS and ADHD

198

(10)

Molecular genetic studies of GTS and ADHD

208

(1)

Summary

208

(1)

References

209

(5)

Implications of genetic studies of attention problems for education and intervention

214

(11)

David A. Hay

Florence Levy

Diagnosis

215

(1)

Comorbidity

216

(1)

Intervention

216

(1)

Family dynamics

217

(1)

Language and ADHD

217

(1)

Comorbidity and schooling

218

(1)

Implications of molecular genetics

219

(2)

Ethical issues

221

(1)

Agenda for psychiatric genetics

221

(1)

Conclusion

222

(1)

References

223

(2)

Child psychiatry in the era following sequencing the genome

225

(24)

Michael Rutter

Introduction

225

(1)

Clinical concepts

226

(3)

Genetic risk mechanisms

229

(3)

Searching for susceptibility genes

232

(3)

Finding out what genes do

235

(2)

Clinical benefits of genetic research

237

(2)

Diagnosis

239

(3)

Conclusion

242

(1)

References

242

(7)

Author index

249

(14)

Subject index

263

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Attention, Genes and ADHD

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Attention, Genes and ADHD

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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