Attention and Pattern Recognition

Attention and Pattern Recognitionintroduces the main psychological research on attention and the methods that have been used in studying it. The book examines the subdivisions of focused and divided attention and explores how automatic processing may lead to action slips. It also describes how people recognize patterns and faces. The book is suitable for students studying attention and pattern recognition for the first time at undergraduate or graduate level.

Nick Lund is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at The Manchester Metropolitan University.

List of figures

xi

Acknowledgements

xiii

Introduction

1

(8)

Attention and pattern recognition

1

(1)

What is `attention'?

2

(1)

How is attention studied?

3

(1)

What are pattern and face recognition?

4

(1)

How are pattern and face recognition studied?

5

(1)

The information processing approach

6

(1)

Summary

7

(2)

Focused attention

9

(16)

Introduction

9

(1)

Focused attention -- early research

10

(2)

Cocktail party phenomenon

10

(1)

`Channels' of attention

11

(1)

Broadbent's theory -- the filter model

12

(3)

Evaluation of the filter model

13

(2)

Treisman's theory -- the attenuator model

15

(2)

Evaluation of the attenuator model

16

(1)

Deutsch and Deutsch -- the pertinence model

17

(3)

Evaluation of the pertinence model

19

(1)

Early or late selection?

20

(1)

Evaluation of single channel models

21

(1)

Summary

22

(3)

Divided attention

25

(16)

Introduction

25

(1)

Dual task experiments

26

(1)

Kahneman -- central capacity theory

27

(3)

Evaluation of central capacity theory

29

(1)

Norman and Bobrow -- central capacity interference theory

30

(2)

Evaluation of central capacity interference theory

31

(1)

Multiple channel theories

32

(1)

Allport -- modules of attention

32

(3)

Evaluation of module theory

34

(1)

Navon and Gopher -- multiple resource theory

35

(2)

Evaluation of multiple resource theory

36

(1)

Single or multiple processors?

37

(1)

Summary

38

(3)

Automatic processing and action slips

41

(20)

Introduction

41

(1)

Automatic processing

42

(2)

Shiffrin and Schneider's theory

44

(2)

Evaluation

45

(1)

Norman and Shallice's theory

46

(2)

Evaluation

47

(1)

Automaticity or memory? -- the instance theory

48

(1)

Evaluation

48

(1)

Action slips

49

(1)

Studies of action slips

50

(3)

Diary studies

50

(1)

Laboratory studies

51

(2)

Theories of action slips

53

(2)

Reason's theory

53

(1)

Evaluation

53

(1)

Sellen and Norman's theory

54

(1)

Evaluation

55

(1)

Applying theories of action slips

55

(3)

Summary

58

(3)

Pattern recognition

61

(20)

Introduction

61

(3)

Features of pattern recognition

62

(1)

Top-down and bottom-up processing

63

(1)

Template matching theories

64

(3)

Evaluation

65

(1)

Geons -- an alternative to templates?

66

(1)

Feature detection theories

67

(6)

The biology of feature detection

70

(1)

Evaluation

71

(2)

Prototype theories

73

(1)

Evaluation

73

(1)

Pattern recognition: an integrated view

74

(1)

The role of context and expectations in pattern recognition

75

(1)

Summary

76

(5)

Face recognition

81

(18)

Introduction

81

(1)

Studies of face recognition

82

(4)

Prosopagnosia

82

(1)

Is face recognition a special process?

83

(1)

Affective and communicative information

84

(1)

Face recognition -- features or configuration?

84

(1)

Methodological considerations

85

(1)

Bruce and Young's model

86

(3)

Evaluation

88

(1)

Burton, Bruce and Johnson's interactive activation model

89

(3)

Evaluation

92

(1)

Farah -- holistic analysis of faces

92

(3)

Evaluation

94

(1)

Face recognition in `real life'

95

(1)

Summary

96

(3)

Study aids

99

(16)

Improving your essay-writing skills

99

(1)

Practice essay 1

100

(3)

Practice essay 2

103

(2)

Key research summaries

105

(1)

Allport et al. (1972)

105

(3)

Schneider and Shiffrin (1977)

108

(2)

Hubel (1963)

110

(2)

Young et al. (1985)

112

(3)

Glossary

115

(4)

References

119

(8)

Index

127

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Attention and Pattern Recognition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials