Aztec Latin Renaissance Learning and Nahuatl Traditions in Early Colonial Mexico

In 1536, only fifteen years after the fall of the Aztec empire, Franciscan missionaries began teaching Latin, classical rhetoric, and Aristotelian philosophy to native youths in central Mexico. The remarkable linguistic and cultural exchanges that would result from that initiative are the subject of this book. Aztec Latin highlights the importance of Renaissance humanist education for early colonial indigenous history, showing how practices central to humanism — the cultivation of eloquence, the training of leaders, scholarly translation, and antiquarian research — were transformed in New Spain to serve Indian elites as well as the Spanish authorities and religious orders.

While Franciscan friars, inspired by Erasmus' ideal of a common tongue, applied principles of Latin grammar to Amerindian languages, native scholars translated the Gospels, a range of devotional literature, and even Aesop's fables into the Mexican language of Nahuatl. They also produced significant new writings in Latin and Nahuatl, adorning accounts of their ancestral past with parallels from Greek and Roman history and importing themes from classical and Christian sources to interpret pre-Hispanic customs and beliefs. Aztec Latin reveals the full extent to which the first Mexican authors mastered and made use of European learning and provides a timely reassessment of what those indigenous authors really achieved.

Andrew Laird is the John Rowe Workman Distinguished Professor of Classics and Humanities at Brown University. His previous publications include Powers of Expression, Expressions of Power; The Epic of America; and, as editor with Carlo Caruso, Italy and the Classical Tradition: Language, Thought and Poetry 1300-1600.

Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Illustrations
Introduction

1. Faith, politics and the pursuit of humanity: The first scholars in New Spain
2. Persuasion for a pagan audience: Rhetoric, memory and action in missionary writing
3. Between Babel and Utopia: Renaissance grammar and Amerindian languages
4. Education of the indigenous nobility: The Imperial College of Santa Cruz at Santiago Tlatelolco
5. From the Evangelia et Epistolae to the Huehuetlahtolli: Indian Latinists and the creation of Nahuatl literature
6. Humanism and ethnohistory: Petitions in Latin from Tlacopan and Azcapotzalco
7. A mirror for Mexican princes: The Nahuatl translation of Aesop's Fables
8. Aztec gods and orators: Classical learning and indigenous agency in the Florentine Codex
9. Universal histories for posterity: Native chroniclers and their European sources
10. Conclusions and Envoi

Appendix 1: Catalogues and Conspectuses
Appendix 2: Texts and Translations
Appendix 3: Excursus: Antonio Valeriano and the Virgin of Guadalupe
Bibliography
Index