Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care
, by White, Gary C.- ISBN: 9780766825321 | 0766825329
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 10/17/2002
List of Performance Evaluations | p. ix |
Preface | p. xi |
Introduction to the Text | p. xii |
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
List of Contributors | p. xiii |
Patient Assessment | |
Basics of Asepsis | p. 1 |
Microorganism Transmission | |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines | |
Handwashing | |
Aseptic Gowning | |
Aseptic Application of Surgical Latex Gloves | |
Double-Bagging of Equipment and Supplies | |
Aseptic Removal of Isolation Attire | |
Basic Patient Assessment: Vital Signs and Breath Sounds | p. 15 |
Body Temperature | |
Pulse | |
Respiratory Rate | |
Blood Pressure | |
Sound | |
Measuring Body Temperature | |
Measuring Oral Temperature | |
Measuring the Pulse | |
Measuring Respiratory Rate | |
Assessing Blood Pressure | |
Auscultation of Breath Sounds | |
Advanced Patient Assessment: Inspection, Palpation, and Percussion | p. 33 |
Chest Landmarks for Assessment | |
Assessment Techniques and Abnormal Findings | |
Preexamination and Other Considerations | |
Inspection of the Chest | |
Radiologic Assessment | p. 47 |
Production of a Chest Radiograph | |
Radiodensity of Common Materials | |
X-Ray Views of the Chest | |
The Normal Chest Radiograph | |
Common Abnormalities on the Chest Radiograph | |
Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning | |
Pulmonary Angiography | |
Computed Tomography of the Chest | |
Chest Film Orientation | |
Rotation and Penetration | |
Viewing the Chest Radiograph | |
Pulmonary Function Testing | p. 69 |
Rationale for Bedside Monitoring | |
Equipment Used in Measuring Bedside Parameters | |
Bedside Measurements | |
Basic Spirometry | |
Capacities and Their Significance | |
The Forced Vital Capacity Tracing | |
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
ATPS to BTPS Conversion | |
Flow-Volume Loops | |
Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity and Residual Volume | |
Diffusion: Single Breath Carbon Monoxide Test | |
Hazards of Pulmonary Function Testing | |
Bedside Monitoring: Equipment Assembly and Testing | |
Preparation of the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
Patient Factors in Spirometry | |
Measuring the Bedside Pulmonary Function Parameters | |
Basic Spirometry: Using the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
Pulmonary Function Tests | |
Measuring and Calculating Components of a Pulmonary Function Testing Tracing | |
Measuring and Calculating the Forced Vital Capacity | |
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
Conversion from ATPS to BTPS | |
Calculating Predicted Values | |
Interpretation of the Results | |
Electrocardiography | p. 101 |
Electrical Physiology of the Heart | |
The Normal ECG and the Electrical Activity of the Heart | |
The Twelve Leads of an ECG | |
Dangerous and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias | |
ECG Artifact | |
Electrocardiograph Equipment | |
Equipment Required for an Electrocardiogram | |
Patient Positioning | |
Lead Placement | |
Arrhythmia Recognition | |
Operating the Electrocardiograph Machine | |
Artifact Recognition | |
Proper Handling of an Electrocardiographic Tracing | |
Phlebotomy | p. 115 |
Obligations Related to Performance of Phlebotomy | |
Maintaining a Safe Environment | |
Equipment | |
Venipuncture Technique | |
Arterial Blood Gas Sampling | p. 127 |
Anatomical Locations for Arterial Puncture | |
Complications of Arterial Puncture | |
Blood Gas Sampling Errors | |
Capillary Blood Gas Sampling | |
Supplies Needed for Arterial Puncture | |
Puncture Techniques | |
Postpuncture Care | |
Indwelling Arterial Catheter Sampling | |
Supplies for Capillary Sampling | |
Standard Precautions | |
Arterialization of the Puncture Site | |
Site Preparation | |
Obtaining the Sample | |
Care of the Sample | |
Care of the Puncture Site | |
Hemodynamic monitoring | p. 145 |
Pascal's Law | |
Transducers | |
Central Venous Pressure Catheters | |
Pulmonary Artery Catheters or Swan-Ganz Catheters | |
Normal Pressure Ranges | |
Clinical Applications of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
Case Studies Illustrating the Application of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
Arterial Lines | |
Hazards with Indwelling Vascular Catheters | |
Equipment Required for Hemodynamic Monitoring | |
Equipment Setup and Preparation | |
Zeroing the Transducer | |
Identification of the Phlebostatic Axis | |
Wave Form Damping | |
Obtaining a Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure | |
Overwedging of the Balloon | |
Cardiac Output Determination | |
Arterial Line Maintenance | |
Zeroing an Arterial Line | |
Noninvasive Monitoring | p. 165 |
Rationale for Noninvasive Monitoring | |
Noninvasive Monitoring Equipment | |
Limitations of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
Hazards of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
Assembly, Troubleshooting, and Calibration | |
Therapeutics | |
Documentation and Goals Assessment | p. 181 |
The Medical Record | |
Goals Assessment and Documentation | |
Documentation Guidelines and Abbreviations | |
Oxygen Supply Systems | p. 193 |
Medical Gas Cylinders | |
Medical Gas Piping Systems | |
Using Medical Gas Cylinders | |
Use of Portable Liquid Oxygen Systems | |
Use of an Oxygen Concentrator | |
Use of Air/Oxygen Blenders | |
Oxygen Administration | p. 219 |
Indications for Oxygen Therapy | |
Low-Flow Oxygen Devices | |
High-Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems | |
Clinical Applications of Low-Flow and High-Flow Oxygen Systems | |
Humidification | |
Enclosures | |
Hazards of Oxygen Therapy | |
Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology | p. 239 |
Receptor Site Theory | |
Mechanisms of Bronchospasm | |
Sympathomimetic Drugs | |
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | |
Anticholinergic Drugs | |
Corticosteroids in Respiratory Care | |
Cromolyn Sodium and Asthma Management | |
Mucokinetic Agents | |
Use of Bland Aerosols in Respiratory Care | |
Aerosolized Antimicrobial Agents | |
Metered Dose Inhalers | |
Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) | |
Metered Dose Inhaler | |
Use of a Spacer with a Metered Dose Inhaler | |
Dry Powder Inhalers | |
Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | p. 255 |
What Is Humidity and What Is Aerosol? | |
Equipment for Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
Aerosol/Oxygen Delivery Devices | |
Bronchial Hygiene Therapy | p. 277 |
Body Alignment and Stance | |
General Guidelines for Moving Patients | |
Safety Devices | |
Chest Percussion and Postural Drainage | |
Other Therapies for Bronchial Hygiene | |
General Guidelines | |
Patient Positioning | |
Use of Restraints | |
Manual Beds | |
Percussion Technique | |
Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy | |
Flutter Valve Therapy | |
High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Therapy Administration | |
Adjunctive Breathing Techniques | |
Hyperinflation Therapy | p. 317 |
Hyperventilation Modalities | |
Goals of and Indications for Hyperinflation Therapy | |
Hazards and Complications of Hyperventilation Therapy | |
Incentive Spirometers | |
The Bird Mark 7 Ventilator | |
The Bennett PR-2 Ventilator | |
Bennett AP-5 Ventilator | |
Percussionaire IPV-1 | |
Incentive Spirometry | |
IPPB Therapy | |
Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation Therapy | |
Bronchoscopy Assisting | p. 351 |
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Bronchoscopy | |
Indications for Bronchoscopy | |
Rigid and Flexible Bronchoscopes | |
Types of Instruments | |
Types of Sample Testing and Analysis | |
Solutions Used to Fix or Prepare Samples for Testing | |
Personal Protective Equipment | |
Bronchoscopy Room or Suite | |
Medications Employed for Anesthesia and Analgesia | |
Patient Monitoring | |
Hazards and Complications of Bronchoscopy | |
Equipment Preparation | |
Documentation Preparation | |
Patient Preparation | |
Supplemental Oxygen | |
Bronchoscopy Assisting | |
Specimen Preparation | |
Bronchoalveolar Lavage | |
Patient Monitoring | |
Bronchoscopy During Mechanical Ventilation | |
Documentation | |
Cleaning the Bronchoscope | |
Sample Delivery | |
Equipment Processing and Surveillance | p. 369 |
Related Microbiology | |
Equipment Processing Terms | |
Equipment Processing Methods | |
Facility Design for Equipment Processing | |
Bacteriological Surveillance Programs | |
Data Utilization | |
Output Sampling With the Aerotest | |
Swab Sampling | |
Surveillance Records | |
Processing Respiratory Care Equipment | |
Emergency Management | |
Emergency Airway Management | p. 383 |
Anatomy of the Upper Airway | |
Reflexes of the Upper Airway | |
Upper Airway Obstruction | |
Resuscitators | |
Importance of Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratio During Resuscitation | |
Intubation: What Is It? | |
Complications of Intubation | |
Patient Positioning to Relieve Upper Airway Obstruction | |
Airway Insertion | |
Preparation of Manual Resuscitators | |
Ventilation with a Manual Resuscitator | |
Equipment Preparation and Assembly for Intubation | |
Intubation Techniques | |
Extubation | |
Artificial Airway Care | p. 415 |
Suctioning | |
Cuff Pressure Monitoring | |
Tracheostomy and Stoma Care | |
Suctioning Procedure | |
Cuff Pressure Measurement | |
Tracheostomy Care Procedure | |
Stoma Care Procedure | |
Chest Tubes | p. 443 |
Chest Tubes: Basic Principles | |
Chest Drainage System | |
Assisting with Chest Tube Placement | |
Setup and Maintenance of the Chest Drainage System | |
Insertion and Maintenance of Intravenous Lines | p. 453 |
The Principles of Intravenous Therapy | |
Intravenous Fluid Properties | |
Locating Acceptable Sites for Intravenous Needle Placement | |
Complications of Intravenous Therapy | |
Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
Drip Rate Calculations | |
Supplies Needed for Intravenous Cannulation | |
Venipuncture Procedure | |
Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
Discontinuing Intravenous Therapy | |
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping | p. 471 |
Cardiac Anatomy | |
Cardiac Physiology | |
Cardiac Pathology | |
Fundamental Principles of IABP Therapy | |
Ventilation | |
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | p. 495 |
Definition of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Indications for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Assessment of the Patient for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Patient-Ventilator Interface In Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Hazards and Complications of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
How Resistance and Compliance Affect Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Modes of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
Supplemental Oxygen Delivery | |
Patient Monitoring | |
Patient Assessment for NPPV | |
Assembly and Testing of the Ventilator | |
Mask Selection | |
Ventilator Settings | |
Patient Monitoring | |
Patient Charting | |
Continuous Mechanical Ventilation | p. 513 |
What is Continuous Mechanical Ventilation? | |
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation | |
Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation | |
Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
Hazards and Complications of Mechanical Ventilation | |
Assessing the Patient for Mechanical Ventilation | |
Equipment Requirements | |
Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
Special Ventilatory Functions | |
Alarms | |
Monitoring the Patient-Ventilator System | |
Documentation of Ventilator Settings | |
Documentation of Patient Values | |
Changing a Ventilator Circuit | |
Special Ventilatory Procedures | p. 581 |
PEEP and CPAP | |
Physiological Effects of PEEP and CPAP | |
Weaning Methods and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
Specialized Monitoring Procedures | |
Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
Criteria for Weaning | |
Physiological Effects of Weaning | |
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure | |
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | |
Initiation of CPAP and PEEP | |
PEEP Trial | |
Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation | |
Initiation of IMV or of IMV with CPAP | |
Pressure Support | |
AMV and EMMV | |
Flow Triggering | |
Measurement of V[subscript D]/V[subscript T] | |
Measurement of Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
Measurement of Spontaneous Parameters | |
Wave form Analysis | p. 643 |
Common Wave Forms | |
Wave Form Morphologies | |
Analysis of Specific Wave Forms | |
Wave Form Interpretation | |
Clinical Criteria for Appropriate Wave Form Selection | |
Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | p. 657 |
Basics of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation in the Newborn | |
Underlying Conditions That May Contribute to Respiratory Failure | |
Newborn Ventilatory Support Concepts | |
Hazards and Complications of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
Assessing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation | |
Equipment Requirements | |
Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
Alarms | |
Patient Monitoring and Assessment | |
Ventilator Monitoring | |
Answers to Self-Evaluation Post Tests | p. 681 |
Glossary | p. 683 |
Index | p. 695 |
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