Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis

Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis has long been regarded as the most dependable textbook for computer and electrical engineering majors. In this new edition, Irwin and Nelms continue to develop the most complete set of pedagogical tools available and provide the highest level of support for students entering into this complex subject. Irwin and Nelms trademark student-centered learning design focuses on helping students complete the connection between theory and practice. Key concepts are explained clearly and illustrated by detailed, worked examples. These are then followed by Learning Assessments, which allow students to work similar problems and check their results against the answers provided.

J. David Irwin is an American engineering educator and author of popular textbooks in electrical engineering and related areas. He is the Earle C. Williams Eminent Scholar and former Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Head at Auburn University.

R. Mark Nelms is the author of Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, 12th Edition, published by Wiley.

Preface ix

1 Basic Concepts 1

1.1 System of Units 1

1.2 Basic Quantities 2

1.3 Circuit Elements 8

Summary 18

2 Resistive Circuits 19

2.1 Ohm’s Law 19

2.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws 24

2.3 Single-Loop Circuits 33

2.4 Single-Node-Pair Circuits 40

2.5 Series and Parallel Resistor Combinations 45

2.6 Circuits with Series-Parallel Combinations of Resistors 51

2.7 Wye Delta Transformations 57

2.8 Circuits with Dependent Sources 61

2.9 Resistor Technologies for Electronic Manufacturing 67

2.10 Application Examples 70

2.11 Design Examples 72

Summary 78

3 Nodal and Loop Analysis Techniques 79

3.1 Nodal Analysis 79

3.2 Loop Analysis 100

3.3 Application Example 117

3.4 Design Example 118

Summary 119

4 Operational Amplifiers 120

4.1 Introduction 120

4.2 Op-Amp Models 121

4.3 Fundamental Op-Amp Circuits 127

4.4 Comparators 135

4.5 Application Examples 136

4.6 Design Examples 140

Summary 144

5 Additional Analysis Techniques 145

5.1 Introduction 145

5.2 Superposition 148

5.3 Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 153

5.4 Maximum Power Transfer 171

5.5 Application Example 175

5.6 Design Examples 176

Summary 181

6 Capacitance and Inductance 182

6.1 Capacitors 182

6.2 Inductors 189

6.3 Capacitor and Inductor Combinations 198

6.4 RC Operational Amplifier Circuits 206

6.5 Application Examples 208

6.6 Design Examples 213

Summary 214

7 First- and Second-Order Transient Circuits 215

7.1 Introduction 215

7.2 First-Order Circuits 217

7.3 Second-Order Circuits 237

7.4 Application Examples 250

7.5 Design Examples 259

Summary 266

8 AC Steady-State Analysis 268

8.1 Sinusoids 268

8.2 Sinusoidal and Complex Forcing Functions 271

8.3 Phasors 275

8.4 Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements 277

8.5 Impedance and Admittance 281

8.6 Phasor Diagrams 287

8.7 Basic Analysis Using Kirchhoff’s Laws 290

8.8 Analysis Techniques 293

8.9 Application Examples 305

8.10 Design Examples 307

Summary 310

9 Steady-State Power Analysis 311

9.1 Instantaneous Power 311

9.2 Average Power 312

9.3 Maximum Average Power Transfer 318

9.4 Effective or RMS Values 322

9.5 The Power Factor 325

9.6 Complex Power 327

9.7 Power Factor Correction 333

9.8 Single-Phase Three-Wire Circuits 337

9.9 Safety Considerations 340

9.10 Application Examples 348

9.11 Design Examples 352

Summary 355

10 Magnetically Coupled Networks 356

10.1 Mutual Inductance 356

10.2 Energy Analysis 367

10.3 The Ideal Transformer 370

10.4 Safety Considerations 379

10.5 Application Examples 380

10.6 Design Examples 385

Summary 388

11 Polyphase Circuits 389

11.1 Three-Phase Circuits 389

11.2 Three-Phase Connections 394

11.3 Source/Load Connections 396

11.4 Power Relationships 404

11.5 Power Factor Correction 408

11.6 Application Examples 410

11.7 Design Examples 413

Summary 417

12 Variable-Frequency Network Performance 418

12.1 Variable Frequency-Response Analysis 418

12.2 Sinusoidal Frequency Analysis 426

12.3 Resonant Circuits 438

12.4 Scaling 458

12.5 Filter Networks 460

12.6 Application Examples 484

12.7 Design Examples 488

Summary 494

13 The Laplace Transform 496

13.1 Definition 496

13.2 Two Important Singularity Functions 497

13.3 Transform Pairs 499

13.4 Properties of the Transform 501

13.5 Performing the Inverse Transform 503

13.6 Convolution Integral 509

13.7 Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 512

13.8 Solving Differential Equations with Laplace Transforms 514

Summary 516

14 Application of the Laplace Transform to Circuit Analysis 517

14.1 Laplace Circuit Solutions 517

14.2 Circuit Element Models 519

14.3 Analysis Techniques 521

14.4 Transfer Function 532

14.5 Pole-Zero Plot/Bode Plot Connection 552

14.6 Steady-State Response 554

Summary 558

15 Fourier Analysis Techniques 559

15.1 Fourier Series 559

15.2 Fourier Transform 583

15.3 Application Example 594

15.4 Design Examples 595

Summary 601

16 Two-Port Networks 602

16.1 Admittance Parameters 602

16.2 Impedance Parameters 605

16.3 Hybrid Parameters 607

16.4 Transmission Parameters 609

16.5 Parameter Conversions 611

16.6 Interconnection of Two-Ports 611

Summary 617

Appendix Complex Numbers 618

Problems 626

Index I-1 

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