Below-Ground Interactions in Tropical Agroecosystems : Concepts and Models with Multiple Plant Components

, by M. van Noordwijk; G. Cadisch; C. K. Ong

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ISBN: 9780851996738 | 0851996736
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/2/2004

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This book provides a synthesis of plant-soil-plant interactions in agroforestry, intercropping and grass-legume interactions. It focuses on the process level, which is relevant to many types of multi-species agroecosystem. It also links basic research to practical applications in a wide range of systems with or without trees, and considers effects of global change on below-ground interactions. The contents include soil biodiversity and food webs, phosphorus dynamics and mobilization by plants, and crop and tree root-system dynamics. The book will be of significant interest to researchers in plant, crop and soil sciences as well as agroforestry.

Contributors

Foreword

xiii

D.P. Garrity

Editors' Introduction

Acknowledgements

xxi

Ecological Interactions in Multispecies Agroecosystems: Concepts and Rules

(16)

C.K. Ong

R.M. Kho

S. Radersma

Introduction

(3)

Separating positive and negative interactions

(1)

Assessing plant--environment--plant interactions

(6)

A framework for a predictive understanding of multispecies systems

(4)

Conclusions

(3)

Locally Derived Knowledge of Soil Fertility and Its Emerging Role in Integrated Natural Resource Management

(24)

L. Joshi

P.K. Shrestha

C. Moss

F.L. Sinclair

Introduction

(1)

Local knowledge

(3)

Soil classification

(3)

Soil fertility

(7)

Below-ground interactions

(3)

Implications

(1)

Building on local practice

(1)

Recognizing the sophistication of local knowledge

(1)

Realizing the limits of local knowledge

(1)

Communication and empowerment

(4)

Models of Below-ground Interactions: Their Validity, Applicability and Beneficiaries

(20)

R. Matthews

M. van Noordwijk

A.J. Gijsman

G. Cadisch

Introduction

(1)

Models incorporating below-ground interactions

(5)

Validity, reliability and applicability

(4)

Beneficiaries and target groups

(6)

Relevance to larger systems

(4)

Tree Root Architecture

(22)

F.K. Akinnifesi

E.C. Rowe

S.J. Livesley

F.R. Kwesiga

B. Vanlauwe

J.C. Alegre

Introduction

(1)

Root distributions

(7)

Simple indicators of root distributions

(4)

Tree root ideotype and response to management practices

(7)

Conclusions

(3)

Crop and Tree Root-system Dynamics

(26)

M. van Noordwijk

S. Rahayu

S.E. Williams

K. Hairiah

N. Khasanah

G. Schroth

Introduction

(3)

Root growth, functional shoot-root equilibrium and local response

(5)

Problems and opportunities for measuring root dynamics

(6)

Empirical data on root growth and decay

(4)

Model representations of root dynamics

101

(4)

Management implications

105

(1)

Research issues and priorities

106

(3)

Opportunities for Capture of Deep Soil Nutrients

109

(18)

R.J. Buresh

E.C. Rowe

S.J. Livesley

G. Cadisch

P. Mafongoya

Introduction

109

(1)

Mechanisms for nutrient occurrence in deep soil

110

(2)

Utilization of deep soil nutrients by plants

112

(3)

Quantification of deep nutrient uptake

115

(4)

Achieving more efficient use of deep soil nutrients

119

(4)

Preventing the accumulation of mobile nutrients in deep soil

123

(1)

Conclusions

123

(4)

Phosphorus Dynamics and Mobilization by Plants

127

(16)

P.F. Grierson

P. Smithson

G. Nziguheba

S. Radersma

N.B. Comerford

Introduction

127

(1)

Phosphorus forms and fluxes: understanding what we measure

128

(7)

P mobilization and acquisition by plants

135

(5)

Modelling P bioavailability and uptake in agroforestry systems

140

(3)

Managing Soil Acidity and Aluminium Toxicity in Tree-based Agroecosystems

143

(14)

M.T.F. Wong

K. Hairiah

J. Alegre

Introduction

143

(1)

Identifying the causes of acidity in low-input tropical agroecosystems

144

(5)

Transfer of organic alkalinity in agroecosystems

149

(6)

How do we implement this knowledge to manage acidity?

155

(2)

Uptake, Partitioning and Redistribution of Water by Roots in Mixed-species Agroecosystems

157

(14)

M. Smith

S.S.O. Burgess

D. Suprayogo

B. Lusiana

Widianto

Introduction

157

(1)

Competition and complementarity for water use in mixed-species systems

158

(2)

Partitioning of water by plant root systems: theory

160

(2)

Measurement of water uptake and bidirectional flow

162

(2)

Control of water partitioning

164

(3)

Modelling of water uptake in mixed agroecosystems

167

(2)

Summary and conclusions

169

(2)

Catching and Competing for Mobile Nutrients in Soils

171

(22)

G. Cadisch

P. de Willigen

D. Suprayogo

D.C. Mobbs

M. van Noordwijk

E.C. Rowe

Introduction

171

(1)

Nutrient mobility in soil solutions

172

(7)

Catching nutrients in single-species stands

179

(2)

Competing for nutrients in soil solution

181

(8)

Conclusions

189

(4)

Below-ground Inputs: Relationships with Soil Quality, Soil C Storage and Soil Structure

193

(16)

A. Albrecht

G. Cadisch

E. Blanchart

S.M. Sitompul

B. Vanlauwe

Introduction

193

(1)

Magnitude of below- versus above-ground plant imputs

193

(2)

C storage dynamics and determinants

195

(3)

How can SOC stocks be increased by below-ground inputs and activities?

198

(2)

Effects of SOC increases on different soil properties

200

(3)

Impacts of SOC increases on plant productivity

203

(6)

Soil-Atmosphere Gas Exchange in Tropical Agriculture: Contributions to Climate Change

209

(18)

L.V. Verchot

A. Mosier

E.M. Baggs

C. Palm

Introduction

209

(1)

Greenhouse gases

209

(4)

Trace gases and land use

213

(11)

Conclusion

224

(3)

Benefiting from N2-Fixation and Managing Rhizobia

227

(16)

P.L. Mafongoya

K.E. Giller

D. Odee

S. Gathumbi

S.K. Ndufa

S.M. Sitompul

Introduction

227

(1)

Nodulation and N2-fixation in the Leguminosae family

228

(1)

Rhizobial classification

229

(1)

Quantification of N2 fixed by different legumes

230

(3)

Managing environmental constraints to increase N2-fixation

233

(2)

The need to inoculate with rhizobia

235

(3)

Fate of fixed nitrogen

238

(3)

Conclusions

241

(2)

Managing Mycorrhiza in Tropical Multispecies Agroecosystems

243

(20)

T.W. Kuyper

I.M. Cardoso

N.A. Onguene

Murniati

M. van Noordwijk

Introduction

243

(5)

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

248

(3)

Mycorrhizal functioning in (multispecies) agroecosystems

251

(1)

The importance of the mycorrhizal network

252

(1)

Benefits of a perennial mycorrhizal system in multispecies agroecosystems

253

(2)

Mycorrhizas in models of nutrient uptake

255

(3)

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal associations

258

(5)

Nematodes and Other Soilborne Pathogens in Agroforestry

263

(22)

J. Desaeger

M.R. Rao

J. Bridge

Introduction

263

(3)

Factors contributing to soilborne pests and diseases

266

(8)

Strategies for the management of soil pests based on general sanitation

274

(2)

The avoidance approach to the management of soil pests

276

(3)

The confrontational approach to the management of soil pests

279

(3)

Conclusions

282

(3)

Soil Biodiversity and Food Webs

285

(24)

F.X. Susilo

A.M. Neutel

M. van Noordwijk

K. Hairiah

G. Brown

M.J. Swift

Introduction

285

(5)

Effects of land-use (change) on soil biota

290

(3)

Functions of soil biota in ecosystems

293

(3)

Food-web theory and below-ground biodiversity

296

(6)

Farmers and below-ground biodiversity: many questions remain

302

(7)

Managing Below-ground Interactions in Agroecosystems

309

(20)

M.R. Rao

G. Schroth

S.E. Williams

S. Namirembe

M. Schaller

J. Wilson

Introduction

309

(1)

When and where are BGI important?

310

(2)

Scope and options for managing below-ground processes

312

(15)

Conclusions

327

(2)

Managing Movements of Water, Solutes and Soil: from Plot to Landscape Scale

329

(20)

S.B.L. Ranieri

R. Stirzaker

D. Suprayogo

E. Purwanto

P. de Willigen

M. van Noordwijk

Introduction

329

(2)

Understanding the water balance as the basis for lateral flows

331

(2)

Trees, groundwater and salt movement

333

(3)

Consequences of subsurface flows for nutrient transport

336

(2)

Soil cover, runoff and its consequences for sediment transport

338

(6)

Discussion: scaling-up the effects of land-use change on river flow

344

(5)

Soil and Water Movement: Combining Local Ecological Knowledge with that of Modellers when Scaling up from Plot to Landscape Level

349

(16)

L. Joshi

W. Schalenbourg

L. Johansson

N. Khasanah

E. Stefanus

M.H. Fagerstrom

M. van Noordwijk

Introduction

349

(1)

Myths, misunderstandings and analytical frameworks

350

(2)

Case study 1: Sumberjaya, West Lampung, Sumatra (Indonesia)

352

(3)

Case study 2: Dong Cao catchment, Vietnam

355

(2)

Science-based models of watershed functions

357

(1)

Soil erosion -- farmer perception versus simulation modelling

358

(3)

The gap between knowledge and practice

361

(1)

Discussion

362

(3)

Challenges for the Next Decade of Research on Below-ground Interactions in Tropical Agroecosystems: Client-driven Solutions at Landscape Scale

365

(16)

M. van Noordwijk

G. Cadisch

C.K. Ong

Introduction

365

(1)

Example 1. Lake Victoria basin

366

(4)

Example 2. Sumberjaya benchmark for watershed function conflicts

370

(2)

Example 3. Alternatives to slash-and-burn in the western Amazon basin

372

(2)

In praise of complexity?

374

(4)

Challenges for the future

378

(3)

References

381

(48)

Index

429

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Below-Ground Interactions in Tropical Agroecosystems : Concepts and Models with Multiple Plant Components

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials