Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors: Applications

This research level reference book has been co-written by Enrico Drioli, perhaps one of the world's best known researchers into membrane technology. The application of membrane technology to chemical transformation and molecular separation are beginning to be exploited in the pharmaceutical science and biotechnology industries, but there is a need for researchers and students to have up-to-date literature - and this book provides it. The book will be of interest to students of chemistry, chemical engineering, pharmacy and biotechnology.

Preface

ix

Introduction

xi

PART ONE General Principles

1

(84)

Membranes and Membrane Processes

3

(48)

Membrane Structure

5

(10)

Dense homogeneous membranes

5

(1)

Symmetric-microporous membranes

6

(2)

Asymmetric membranes

8

(1)

Composite membranes

9

(2)

Methodology for membrane preparation by phase inversion

11

(4)

Membrane Materials

15

(2)

Modules for Membranes

17

(3)

Membrane Operations

20

(11)

Crossflow microfiltration

20

(2)

Ultrafiltration

22

(4)

Nanofiltration

26

(1)

Reverse osmosis

26

(1)

Pervaporation

27

(1)

Vapour permeation

28

(1)

Liquid membranes

28

(1)

Pertraction

29

(1)

Membrane distillation

29

(1)

Gas separation

30

(1)

Electrodialysis

30

(1)

Mass Transport through Membranes

31

(9)

The concentration polarization phenomenon

33

(6)

Methods for reducing fouling

39

(1)

Industrial Applications of Membrane Operations

40

(8)

References

48

(3)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors (CMRs)

51

(34)

Introduction

51

(4)

Enzyme Membrane Reactors and Fermentors

55

(12)

Membrane fermentors

62

(5)

CMRs with Segregated Enzyme

67

(5)

CMRs with the biocatalysts within the pores of asymmetric membranes

70

(2)

CMRs with Gelified Enzyme

72

(4)

Enzyme-bound Membrane Reactors

76

(3)

Membrane reactors with chemically bound biocatalyst

76

(3)

References

79

(6)

Immobilized Enzyme Kinetics

80

(5)

PART TWO Applications of Catalytic Membrane Reactors

85

(124)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors in Integrated Processes for Production of Bioactive Compounds

87

(26)

Introduction

87

(1)

Bioprocessing of Fermentation Products

88

(17)

Traditional technologies for production and separation of carboxylic acids

88

(3)

Innovative integrated membrane processes for production and recovery of carboxylic acids

91

(13)

Production and separation of antibiotics

104

(1)

Integrated Membrane Systems in the Processing of Natural Products

105

(4)

Conclusions

109

(1)

References

109

(4)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Production of Pure Optically Active Compounds

113

(26)

Introduction

113

(2)

Properties and Definitions of Chirality

115

(1)

Traditional Technology

116

(4)

Membrane Chirotechnology

120

(16)

Enantiospecific catalytic membrane reactors

122

(7)

Intrinsically enantioselective membranes

129

(7)

Conclusions

136

(1)

References

136

(3)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Retention and Recycling of Coenzyme

139

(14)

Introduction

139

(1)

Coenzyme-dependent Reactions

139

(2)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors Using Coenzyme-dependent Reactions

141

(10)

Regeneration of coenzyme

142

(2)

Retention of coenzyme

144

(6)

Separation of product

150

(1)

Conclusions

151

(1)

References

152

(1)

Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Bioconversion of Low Water Solubility Substrates

153

(38)

Introduction

153

(1)

Biphasic Organic/Aqueous Catalytic Membrane Reactors

153

(27)

Parameters that influence selection of reactor components

156

(9)

Membrane modules used in biphasic systems

165

(2)

Influence of operating conditions on the performance of biphasic membrane reactors

167

(6)

Enhancement of transport rate across enzymatic membranes in biphasic reactors

173

(1)

Biphasic membrane reactors in oil treatment: Case study

174

(6)

Enzyme Membrane Reactors in Pure Organic Phase

180

(7)

Immobilized enzymes in organic solvents

181

(6)

References

187

(4)

Membranes and Membrane Reactors in Artificial Organs

191

(18)

Introduction

191

(2)

Artificial Kidney

193

(2)

Hemodialysis

193

(2)

Hemofiltration

195

(1)

Plasma Therapy

195

(1)

Plasmapheresis

195

(1)

Plasma Filtration/Adsorption

196

(1)

Artificial Lung

196

(1)

Bioartificial Pancreas

197

(1)

Bioartificial Liver

198

(5)

Extracorporeal blood detoxifiers

202

(1)

Biocompatibility Characteristics of Membranes in Artificial Organs

203

(3)

Blood--Membrane interactions and Cell-membrane interactions

204

(2)

References

206

(3)

Index

209

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Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors: Applications In Biotechnology And The Pharmaceutical Industry

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