Biochemistry

, by Hardin, Charles C.; Knopp, James A.

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ISBN: 9780199765621 | 0199765626
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/15/2012

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One-semester biochemistry courses are notorious for overwhelming students with the magnitude of material covered in their texts and lectures. Biochemistry: Essential Concepts distills the basic ideas covered in a one-semester course without the extraneous details that burden most texts. Authors Charles Hardin and James Knopp demonstrate the core concepts of biochemistry - including cell biology, amino acids, metabolism, and DNA - in a variety of real-world contexts. With the last forty percent of the text devoted to review questions and practice tests, Biochemistry: EssentialConcepts equips students for success in the one-semester biochemistry course and prepares them for their future studies and careers.

Brief Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
Biochemistry: Subject Overview
Central Themes
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Cell Biology Review
The Animal Cell
The Plant Cell
Selected Organelles
The Cell Cycle: Mitotic Cell Division
Viruses
Chemistry Review
Organic Compounds
Chirality
Chemical Reactions
Physical Chemistry Concepts
Buffering of Blood: The Bicarbonate System
Amino Acids
Basic Structures
Amino acid 'R Groups'
Ionization Properties
Drawing Peptide Titration Plots
Factors That Influence the pKa of Protonatable/Deprotonatable Groups in Proteins
Proteins
Peptide Bonds
Purification and Characterization of Proteins
Protein Structure
Conformation
Classification of Substructure
Alpha (?) Helices
Beta Sheets
U-Turns
Ramachandran Plot
Stabilizing Factors
Thermodynamics of Protein Folding: The Hydrophobic Effect
Temperature-Dependant Denaturation
Chaotropes and The Hofmeister Series
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS): Chaotrope Action
Visualizing the Energy Landscape
Protein Maturation
Ligand Binding and Functional Control
Oxygen Transport in Blood
Hemoglobin Oxygen Binding: Cooperativity
Antibodies: Immunological Recognition
Enzymes
Enzymes are Biological Catalysts
Enzyme Function: Activity Assays and Enzyme Kinetics
Requirements for Catalysis
Comparing Enzymes and Relative Efficiency of Use of Substrates
Drug Design
Enzyme Inhibitors
Allosterism
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation
Metabolic Enzyme Action
Enzyme Mechanisms
Modes of Catalysis
The Reaction Coordinate
Induced Fit Revisited
Acid-Base Catalysis
Covalent Group Transfer
The Serine Protease Catalytic Triad Mechanism
The Active Site of Tyrosyl-t
RNA Synthetase
Coenzymes
Classification
Survey of the Coenzymes
3 Metals
Carbohydrates-Based Cofactors
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates
Carbohydrates: Definition
Monosaccharides: Aldoses
Monosaccharides: Ketoses
Structural Features
Intramolecular Cyclization
Conformations: Sugar Puckers
Sugar Derivatives
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrate-Protein Conjugates
Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Lipids
Structural Overview
Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Functions
Diacylglycerol Lipid Derivatives
Structural Motifs
Assembly
Structural and Dynamic Characterization
Eicosanoids
Phospholipases
Phosphoinositides
Steroids
A Potpourri of Lipids
Membranes
The Fluid Mosaic Model
Detergents
Distribution of Lipids in Biological Membranes
The Hydropathicity Scale
Lipid-Anchored Membrane Proteins
The Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton
Transport Through Membranes
The Transmembrane Potential
Active Transport
Ionophores
The Acetylcholine Receptor Ion Channel
Lactose Permease and Secondary Active Transport
Mechanism of Transport by Na+, K+ ATPase
Ion Channel Blockers
Signal Transduction
Signaling Pathways: Hormones, GTPases, Second Messengers and Intracellular Regulation
The Adenylate Cyclase Signaling Pathway
The Inositol-Phospholipid Signaling Pathway
Phorbol Myristyl Acetate
The Insulin Receptor
Glucagon
G-Proteins
Nucleic Acids: DNA
DNA and RNA
Physical Properties
Secondary Structure
Backbone Structure
Counterions
Chemical Synthesis
Watson-Crick Base Pairs
Structural Modifications
Three-Dimensional Structures
Recognition of Sequences
Genetic Mutations and Antisense Nucleic Acids
Unusual DNA
Stabilization of Nucleic Acids
Secondary Structure Predictions
Chromosomes
Some Protein Nucleic Acid Binding Motifs
Recombination
RNA
Cells Contain a Variety of Types of RNA
RNAs Have Stable Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure: Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Eukaryotic Messenger RNA
Alkaline Hydrolysis of RNA
Small Interfering RNA
Biotechnology
Restriction Endonucleases
Cloning in a Nutshell
DNA Preparation: Phenol-Chloroform Extraction
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Probe DNA
Metabolism
Overview
Metabolic Pathway Types
Energy Conservation
Key Pathways/Reactions
Bioenergetics
Reaction Equilibria: Standard and Actual Free Energies
Metabolically Irreversible and Near Equilibrium Reactions
Energies and Regulation of Glycolysis
Bioelectrochemistry
Redox Reaction Principles
Redox Energetics: The Nernst Equation
Electron Transport Chains
Glycolysis
Reactions 1 Through
Regulation: Activation and Inhibition
Four Fates of Pyruvate
The Krebs Cycle
Pathway
Reactions
Yields
Cellular Redox Potential
Regulation
Gluconeogenesis
Reactions
Regulation
Sources Used to Produce Glucose
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mitochondria in Red and White Muscle
Overall Process
Chemical and Potential Energies That Drive Proton Transport
Mitochondrial Electron Transport
Electron Transfer and Proton Flow in Complexes I through IV
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The Malate-Aspartate Shuttle and Proteomics
Getting NADH Into the Mitochondrion: Isozymes
Isozymes and Proteomics
Characterization by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics
Degradation and Synthesis of Lipids
Beta Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
Length Determination of Fatty Acids
Synthesis of Acidic Phospholipids
Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Regulating Cholesterol Levels
Photosynthesis
Light and Dark Reactions
Photo-Gathering Pigments
Photosynthetic Electron Transport Pathway (Z scheme)
The Calvin Cycle
The Dark Reactions: Carbon Fixation
Biosynthesis of Ribose-5-phosphate
RuBis CO Mechanism
The C4 and CAM Pathways
The Urea Cycle
Purpose and Reactions
Regulation
Comparative Nitrogen Excretion
Protein Degradation and Programmed Cell Death
Study Guide
Review Session for Chapters 1 û 3
Review Session for Chapter 4
Review Session for Chapters 5 and 6
Review Session for Chapters 7 - 8.6
Review Sessions for Chapters 8.7 - 8.8
Review Session for Chapter 9
Review Session for Chapters 10 - 11.4
Review Session for Chapters 10 - 11.4: Key
Review Session for Chapters 11.5 - 12.5
Review Session for Chapters 11.5 - 12.5: Key
Review Session for Chapters 13 - 14.7
Review Session for Chapters 13 - 14.7: Key
Review Session for Chapters 16.2 - 17.6
Review Session for Chapters 16.2 - 17.6: Key
Review Session for Chapters 19 û 20
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Biochemistry

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials