Bioenergy Development : Issues and Impacts

The expansion of bioenergy production will result in many opportunities and challenges globally in the forestry, agricultural, and energy sectors as well as for the poor who depend on these sectors for their livelihoods. This book provides a background and overview of current and future bioenergy developments, defines and describes the main impacts and issues related to poverty and the environment for the main bioeergy production systems for both solid biomass and liquid biofuels, and assesses the main opportunities and challenges for countries in similar situations.

Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Authors	p. xv
Abbreviations	p. xvii
Executive Summary	p. 1
General Findings	p. 2
Regional Findings	p. 3
Policy Implications	p. 5
Overview	p. 7
Main Types of Bioenergy	p. 8
This Report	p. 11
Total Bioenergy Supply and Contribution to TPES	p. 12
Outlook for Bioenergy Consumption	p. 13
Forces Affecting Bioenergy Development	p. 17
Concerns about Bioenergy Development	p. 21
Policies, Targets, and Instruments	p. 25
Notes	p. 39
Solid Biomass	p. 41
Long-Term Trend and Outlook for Primary Solid Biomass	p. 44
Bioenergy Production from Solid Biomass	p. 46
Traditional Uses of Solid Biomass for Energy	p. 65
Modern and Industrial Uses of Solid Biomass for Energy	p. 70
Energy Systems Based on Biomass Pellets	p. 76
Notes	p. 86
Liquid Biofuels	p. 89
Bioethanol for Fuel	p. 90
Biodiesel for Fuel	p. 93
Economic Viability of Liquid Biofuel Production	p. 96
Social and Environmental Impacts	p. 99
Notes	p. 120
Impacts and Issues at the Country and Regional Levels	p. 121
Africa	p. 122
East Asia and Pacific	p. 127
Europe and Central Asia	p. 133
Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 136
Middle East and North Africa	p. 140
South Asia	p. 142
Notes	p. 146
Conclusions	p. 147
General Conclusions	p. 147
Regional Conclusions	p. 151
Policy Implications	p. 153
Note	p. 155
Production of Alcohol Bioenergy from Sugars and Starches	p. 157
Sugarcane	p. 157
Corn	p. 163
Sweet Sorghum	p. 167
Cassava	p. 170
Nypa Palm	p. 173
Notes	p. 175
Production of Bioenergy from Oilseed Crops	p. 177
Oil Palm	p. 177
Soybean	p. 184
Rapeseed	p. 189
Jatropha	p. 193
Jojoba	p. 197
Pongamia	p. 199
Notes	p. 202
Second-Generation Bioenergy Production	p. 205
Economics of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production	p. 209
Economic Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production	p. 209
Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production on the Use of Land and Other Resources	p. 210
Environmental Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production	p. 211
Notes	p. 211
Third-Generation Bioenergy Production	p. 213
Note	p. 215
References	p. 217
Index	p. 233
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Bioenergy Development : Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

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