Biomechatronic Design in Biotechnology A

Bio-mechatronics integrates mechanical parts with a human being. Illustrating how the general engineering design science theory can be applied when designing a technical system where biological species or components are integrated, Mechatronic Design for Biotechnology provides the fundamentals, theory, and applications of bio-mechatronic design principles. This cutting-edge book present professionals in the industrial biotech sector with a unifying approach to the many fields of engineering sciences and biotechnology used in the product development of protein purification systems, artificial human organs, and stem-cell technology.

Professor Carl-Fredrik Mandenius is head of the division of Biotechnology at Linkoping University in Sweden. His main research interests include biochemical and bio-production engineering bioprocess monitoring and control stem cell technology and biosensor technology. He was a director for process RD at Pharmacia AB and has coordinated several EU networks on hESC-derived models for drug testing. Professor Mats Bjorkman is head of the division of Assembly Technology at Linkoping University in Sweden. His main research interests include design and operation of flexible manufacturing systems and equipment. He has also been involved in research that has developed from traditional mechanical industries to include areas such as electronic manufacturing and manufacturing of biotech equipment as well as pharmaceutical products.

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Scope of Design	p. 1
Definition of Biomechatronic Products	p. 3
Principles of Biomechatronics	p. 4
Brief History of the Development of Biomechatronic Products and Engineering	p. 7
Aim of This Book	p. 9
References	p. 10
Fundamentals	p. 13
Conceptual Design Theory	p. 15
Systematic Design	p. 15
Design for Products	p. 15
Origin of the Design Task	p. 18
Development of Design Thinking	p. 18
Recent Methods	p. 20
Basics of Technical Systems	p. 21
Energy, Material, and Signals and Their Conversion	p. 22
Interrelationships of Functions	p. 22
Interrelationship of Constructions	p. 25
Interrelationship of Systems	p. 25
Psychology in the Systematic Approach	p. 25
A General Working Methodology	p. 26
Analysis for Resolving Technical Problems	p. 27
Abstraction of Interrelationships of Systems	p. 28
Synthesis of the Technical System	p. 28
Conceptual Design	p. 28
Abstraction in Order to Identify Essential Problems	p. 29
Developing the Concepts	p. 31
Organizing the Development Process	p. 33
Concluding Remarks	p. 34
References	p. 35
Biotechnology and Mechatronic Design	p. 37
Transduction of the Biological Science into Biotechnology	p. 37
Biological Sciences and Their Applications	p. 39
Biotechnology and Bioengineering	p. 42
Applying Mechatronic Theory to Biotechnology: Biomechatronics	p. 44
Conclusions	p. 47
References	p. 48
Methodology for Utilization of Mechatronic Design Tools	p. 49
Idea of Applying the Mechatronic Design Tools	p. 49
Table of User Needs	p. 51
List of Target Specifications	p. 52
Concept Generation Chart	p. 52
Basic Concept Component Chart	p. 53
Permutation Chart	p. 54
Concept Screening Matrix	p. 55
Concept Scoring Matrix	p. 56
Hubka-Eder Mapping	p. 57
Overview Hubka-Eder Map	p. 57
Zoom-in Hubka-Eder Mapping	p. 59
Functions Interaction Matrix	p. 60
Functions Interaction Matrix for Systems and Subsystems	p. 60
Functions Interaction Matrix for Systems and Transformation Process	p. 61
Design Structure Matrix	p. 61
Anatomical Blueprint	p. 62
Conclusions	p. 63
References	p. 63
Applications	p. 65
Blood Glucose Sensors	p. 67
Background of Blood Glucose Analysis	p. 67
Specification of Needs for Blood Glucose Analysis	p. 70
Design of Blood Glucose Sensors	p. 71
Generation of Sensor Concepts	p. 71
Description of the Systems Involved in the Design Concepts for Glucose Blood Sensors	p. 76
Biological Systems	p. 77
Technical Systems	p. 77
Information Systems	p. 78
Management and Goal Systems	p. 78
Human Systems	p. 79
Active Environment	p. 79
Interactions Between the Systems and Functions of the Design	p. 79
Anatomical Blueprints from the Functions Interaction Matrix Analysis	p. 81
Conclusions	p. 82
References	p. 82
Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Devices	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Design Requirements on SPR Systems	p. 88
Needs and Specifications of an SPR Design	p. 88
Mechatronic Design Approach of SPR Systems	p. 89
Generation of Design Alternatives	p. 89
Hubka-Eder Mapping of the Design Alternatives	p. 92
Detailed Design of Critical SPR Subsystems	p. 99
Design of the Sensor Surface	p. 100
Design of the Fluidic System	p. 103
Conclusions	p. 109
References	p. 109
A Diagnostic Device for Helicobacter pylori Infection	p. 113
Diagnostic Principle of Helicobacter Infection	p. 113
Mechatronic Analysis of Urea Breath Test Systems	p. 117
Mission and Specification for a Urea Breath Tests	p. 117
Generation of UBT Design Concepts	p. 118
Screening and Scoring of UBT Design Concepts	p. 119
Description of the Systems Involved in the Design Concepts for the Urea Breath Tests	p. 124
Biological Systems Involved	p. 124
Technical Systems Alternatives	p. 126
Information Systems (IIS) Required	p. 127
Management and Goal Systems Required	p. 127
Human Systems Involved in the Testing	p. 127
Active Environment That Can Influence	p. 128
Aspects of the Design for Efficient Manufacture	p. 128
Conclusions	p. 131
References	p. 131
Microarray Devices	p. 135
Principles, Methods, and Applications of Microarrays	p. 135
Principles and Technology	p. 135
Fabrication Methods	p. 136
Companies Developing Microarrays	p. 138
Applications of DNA Microarrays	p. 139
Specification of Needs	p. 141
Design of Microarrays	p. 142
Generation of cDNA Microarray Concepts	p. 142
Description of the Systems Involved in the Design Concepts	p. 145
Biological Systems	p. 146
Technical Systems	p. 147
Information System	p. 147
Management and Goal Systems and the Human Systems	p. 147
Active Environment	p. 147
Interaction Analysis	p. 148
Conclusions	p. 149
References	p. 149
Microbial and Cellular Bioreactors	p. 153
Bioreactor Development During the 1970s-1990s	p. 153
Missions, User Needs, and Specifications for Bioreactors	p. 158
Design Mission and User Needs	p. 158
Target Specifications	p. 158
Analysis of Systems for Conventional Bioreactors	p. 161
Biological Systems in the Bioreactor	p. 161
Technical Systems	p. 164
Studying the Interactions of the Systems	p. 166
Penicillin Production in a Metabolically Engineered Peniciliium strain (Case 1)	p. 168
A Bioreactor System Producing a Recombinant Protein in CHO Cell Culture (Case 2)	p. 171
Information Systems	p. 173
Management and Goal Systems	p. 177
Human Systems	p. 179
Active Environment	p. 179
Novel Bioreactor Designs	p. 180
Microbioreactors	p. 180
Bioreactors with Immobilized Cells	p. 183
Bioreactors for Tissue and Stem Cell Cultures	p. 185
Bioreactors for Plant Cell Cultures	p. 186
Conclusions	p. 187
References	p. 187
Chromatographic Protein Purification	p. 193
Background of Chromatographic Protein Purification	p. 193
Specification of Needs for Protein Purification Systems	p. 197
Design of Purification Systems	p. 199
Generation of Design Alternatives	p. 199
Screening the Design Alternatives	p. 201
Analysis of the Generated Alternatives for a Chromatography System	p. 202
Interactions Between Key Systems and the Transformation Process	p. 206
Unit Operation Purification in a FVIII Production Process (Case 1)	p. 208
Micropurification System Based on a Multichip Device (Case 2)	p. 209
Conclusions	p. 211
References	p. 212
Stem Cell Manufacturing	p. 215
State of the Art of Stem Cell Manufacturing	p. 215
Needs and Target Specifications for Scaled-Up Stem Cell Manufacturing	p. 218
Setting Up an Efficient Manufacturing System by Using Biomechatronic Conceptual Design	p. 220
Generating Process Alternatives	p. 220
Hubka-Eder Map for a Human Embryonic Stem Cell Process	p. 220
Conclusions	p. 225
References	p. 226
Bioartificial Organ-Simulating Devices	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Design of Bioartificial Organ-Simulation Devices	p. 232
Needs and Specifications	p. 232
Evaluation of the Design Concepts	p. 236
Analysis of Bioartificial Liver Systems	p. 239
Biological Systems	p. 239
Technical Systems	p. 241
Information Systems	p. 242
Management and Goals Systems	p. 243
Human Systems	p. 243
Conclusions	p. 244
References	p. 244
Applications to Process Analytical Technology and Quality by Design	p. 249
PAT and QbD Concepts	p. 249
Needs of the PAT/QbD Players and Resulting Specifications	p. 253
Application of Design Methodology to PAT/QbD	p. 255
Concept Generation for a PAT/QbD System Structure	p. 255
Hubka-Eder Mapping of the PAT/QbD Transformation Process for a Pharmaceutical Process	p. 257
Analysis of Effects	p. 259
Applying Mechatronic Design on a PAT System for Online Software Sensing in a Bioprocess (Case)	p. 260
Conclusions	p. 263
References	p. 263
Glossary	p. 267
Index	p. 275
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Biomechatronic Design in Biotechnology A Methodology for Development of Biotechnological Products

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