Breeding Latin American Tigers Operational

This book is motivated by the emerging rehabilitation of industrial policies as a tool for supporting economic transformation and high rates of growth in developing countries. It argues that underperforming disciples of the Washington Consensus#xE2;#xAC;" #xE2;#xAC;Smarket fundamentalism#xE2;#xAC; should learn and practice the art of systemic industrial policies, which requires a medium-long term strategic perspective and intelligent proactive state interventions in markets. However, it also stresses that rehabilitation requires that industrial policies be developed and implemented in a context of home- grown public-private alliances that avoid state #xE2;#xAC;Scapture#xE2;#xAC; by special interests. It first examines the #xE2;#xAC;Show#xE2;#xAC; of industrial policy in the public sectors of ten non-Latin American countries in Asia, Europe, and Oceania that have been successful in promoting economic catch-up with rich countries, or have performed better than Latin American countries with similar resource endowments. The book defines#xE2;#xAC;S10+1#xE2;#xAC; generic First Principles for the use, design, and execution of modern industrial policies, and then examines the experiences of nine Latin American and Caribbean governments against these First Principles. The authors identify large gaps in the organizational and operational effectiveness of their public sectors, and suggest ways to close these gaps.

Foreword	p. xvii
Acknowledgments	p. xxi
Abbreviations	p. xxiii
Introduction	p. 1
Operational Principles for Effective Public Management of Industrial Policies	p. 7
The Latin American Laggards	p. 9
The Elusive Path to Convergence	p. 9
The Latin American Reformers: Did the Washington Consensus Help or Hamper Growth?	p. 13
Characteristics Underpinning Latin American Growth: A Brief Overview of the Stylized Facts	p. 16
The First Principle: Medium- to Long-Term Development Strategies Supported by Industrial Policies Can Foster Economic Catch-Up	p. 35
The Character of Development Strategies: An Initial Snapshot	p. 35
Opting for the Industrial Policy Approach: The Power of Association	p. 39
More on Why We Think Medium- to Long-Term Development Strategies with Industrial Policies Are Important for Latin America	p. 41
Development Strategies in Practice	p. 46
Ten Extraregional Success Cases	p. 46
The Strategies: Stylized Facts	p. 49
Four Strategic Orientations	p. 55
Annex 2A Strategies in the Selected Countries	p. 60
The Second Principle: Create Public-Private Alliances for Effective Development Strategies and Industrial Policies	p. 79
The Scope of Public-Private Alliances	p. 82
Alliances in the 10 Success Cases	p. 83
Consensus Building	p. 88
Alliances in Practice	p. 90
A Snapshot of the Nature of Three Alliances	p. 90
A Closer Look at the Achievements and Limitations of the Irish Alliance	p. 92
Operational Principles for Supporting Public Sector Leadership	p. 105
The Third Principle: Give the Baton to the "Real" Sector Ministries	p. 106
The Fourth Principle: Promote Medium- and Long-Term Policy Strategic Thinking	p. 110
The Finnish Example	p. 111
Foresight Analysis in Other Success Cases	p. 112
The Fifth Principle: Each Priority Area or Activity in a Strategy Should Have at Least One Dedicated Implementing Agency	p. 113
The Sixth Principle: The More Structured and Specific a Strategy, the Greater the Need for Coordination among Ministries and Agencies and the More Likely Cabinet-Level Coordination Will Not Be Enough	p. 116
Seventh Principle: For Medium- and Long-Term Strategies to Be Effective, Public Sector Personnel Must Be Highly Professional, Career Oriented, and Nonpoliticized	p. 123
Annex 4A Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority: Leading Innovation to Exploit the Oil Sands in Alberta, Canada	p. 125
Annex 4B The Autonomous Community of Andalusia: Another Subnational Case	p. 127
Principles for Managing Programs and Incentives	p. 133
The Eighth Principle: The Effective Application of Incentives Must Be Assessed Not Only by How They Are Individually Managed But Also by How They Are Coordinated for a Systemic Effect	p. 133
The Ninth Principle: The Effectiveness of Programs and Instruments Is Intimately Linked to the Way in Which the Process Is Managed	p. 140
The Tenth Principle: The Effectiveness of Strategies Is Dependent on an Objective Assessment of Implementation and Their Impact on the Objectives Set Out	p. 146
The Eleventh Principle: Structured Public-Private Alliances Representing a Diversity of Interests, with Well-established Rules, Transparency, and Evaluation, and Supported by a Professional Public Bureaucracy, Can Minimize the Risk of Private Sector Capture of the Government	p. 148
Annex 5A Efficiency of Tax Credits for Research and Development	p. 150
Annex 5B Finland: Evaluation of the Electronics and Telecommunications Program	p. 151
Are the Operational Principles Relevant for Latin America?	p. 155
Medium- and Long-Term Strategies Based on Public-Private Alliances	p. 157
From a Strategic and Structural Economics Tradition to the Washington Consensus	p. 157
The Role of Planning in the Context of State Leadership	p. 158
Strategies after the Washington Consensus	p. 163
Contemporary Public-Private Alliances: Achievements and Limitations	p. 173
Advisory Councils to the Presidency	p. 174
More on National Alliances	p. 180
Public-Private Collaboration in Sectors and Regions	p. 189
Public-Private Alliances in the Agencies	p. 192
Annex 6A Summary of National Development Strategies	p. 194
Implementing a Strategic Vision	p. 207
The Search for Political and Technical Leadership	p. 207
Formulas to Support Leadership	p. 213
Forecasting Exercises: A Tool to Support Leadership	p. 215
Leadership Also Depends on Available Financial Resources	p. 216
On the Need for Coordination	p. 217
Integrated Programs and Incentives to Meet the Goals of the National Development Strategy	p. 221
Minimizing Risks of State Capture: Transparency and Evaluation	p. 228
Conclusions: The Three Main Pillars of Our Operational Principles	p. 235
The First Pillar: A Proactive Medium- to Long-Term National Strategic Vision Is Essential	p. 237
The Second Pillar: The Support Role Played by Public-Private Alliances Is Critical to Success	p. 239
The Third Pillar: Execution	p. 242
Where to Begin?	p. 246
Index	p. 251
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Breeding Latin American Tigers Operational Principles for Rehabilitating Industrial Policies

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