A Brief History of Chinese Civilization

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ISBN: 9780155055681 | 0155055682
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/1/1991

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This concise book emphasizes Chinese cultural history while also covering political and economic history. It is introductory in both style and content, and the organization is kept as simple as possible. Brief coverage of each major Chinese dynasty or other discrete period is treated in a separate chapter. Coverage includes recent developments in China, up to and including the massacre at Tiananmen Square. Timelines, charts, or key dates appear at the beginning of chapters. Chinese names are printed in Pinyin with Wade-Giles in parentheses.

Preface

Note on Names and Romanization

vii

Note on Calligraphy

viii

PART ONE THE CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION OF CHINA

Chinese Antiquity

(24)

Geographic Parameters

(1)

Neolithic Cultures

(3)

Civilization: The Shang

(2)

Written Language

(3)

The Bronzes

(3)

Shang Religion

(1)

Government and Society

(1)

The Western Zhou (1027?--771 B.C.)

(2)

The Zhou Political System

(1)

The Book of Songs

(3)

The Traditional Chinese View of Antiquity

(1)

Decline of the Zhou

(2)

The Age of Philosophers

(23)

The Early Eastern Zhou (Spring and Autumn Period)

(1)

Confucius

(3)

Mo Zi

(1)

The Warring States: Growth and Conflict

(3)

The Arts

(1)

Chu and the Culture of the South

(3)

Mencius and the Development of Confucianism

(2)

Daoism

(2)

The Logicians

(1)

Theories of the Natural Order

(1)

Zun Zi

(1)

Han Fei Zi and Legalism

(1)

The Qin: Legalism Applied

(2)

The First Empire: 221 B.C.--A.D. 220

(28)

The Qin Integration

(3)

The Founding of the Han

(1)

The Pattern of Former Han History

(1)

Government of Society

(2)

Relations with Foreign Peoples

(2)

Flourishing and Decline

(2)

Wang Mang and the Xin Dynasty (A.D. 9--23)

(1)

The Later Han (25--220)

(1)

Han Historiography: Sima Qian and Ban Gu

(2)

Han Poetry

(2)

The Visual Arts

(4)

The Intellectual Order

(3)

The Fall of the Han

(3)

PART TWO CHINA IN A BUDDHIST AGE

China During the Period of Disunity

(23)

Buddhism in India

(3)

China Divided

(1)

The Northern Wei

(3)

Buddhism in the North

(4)

Challenges to Buddhist Influence

(1)

The South

(1)

Secular Culture and the Arts

(1)

Poetry

(2)

Calligraphy

(1)

Painting

(3)

Buddhism in the South

(2)

China on the Eve of Reunification

100

(1)

The Cosmopolitan Civilization of the Sui and Tang: 581--907

101

(31)

The Sui (581--617)

102

(2)

The Tang: Establishment and Consolidation

104

(3)

Empress Wu and Emperor Xuanzong

107

(3)

City Life in the Capital: Chang'an

110

(4)

The Flourishing of Buddhism

114

(3)

Architecture and Art

117

(1)

Poetry

118

(1)

Li Bo and Du Fu

119

(3)

The Rebellion and An Lushan (755--763)

122

(1)

The Late Tang

123

(1)

Late Tang Poetry and Culture

124

(2)

Collapse of the Dynasty

126

(6)

PART THREE LATE IMPERIAL CHINA

China during the Song: 960--1279

132

(30)

A New Elite

133

(1)

The Examination System

134

(2)

The Northern Song

136

(1)

Government and Politics

137

(2)

Wang Anshi

139

(2)

The Economy

141

(3)

The Southern Song (1127--1279)

144

(1)

Southern Song Cities and Commerce

145

(2)

The Confucian Revival

147

(1)

Philosophy and Values

148

(3)

Song Poetry

151

(3)

painting and the Arts

154

(8)

The Mongol Empire and the Yuan Dynasty

162

(20)

Founding of the Mongol Empire

163

(2)

Chinggis Khan

China under the Mongols: The Early Years (1211--1260)

165

(2)

Khubilai Khan and the Early Yuan

167

(3)

Religion

170

(1)

The Economy

170

(1)

The Yuan after Khubilai Khan

171

(1)

Rebellion

172

(1)

Cultural Life

173

(1)

Yuan Drama

174

(3)

Yuan Painting

177

(5)

The Ming Dynasty: 1368--1644

182

(27)

Chinese Society during the Ming

183

(2)

The Early Ming (1368--1424)

185

(3)

Martime Expeditions (1405--1433)

188

(2)

The Early Middle Period (1425--1505)

190

(2)

The Later Middle Period (1506--1590)

192

(2)

The Economy

194

(1)

Literacy

194

(1)

The Novel

195

(2)

Ming Drama

197

(1)

Painting

198

(1)

Ming Thought: Wang Yangming and Others

199

(2)

Ming Thought after Wang Yangming

201

(2)

Dong Quichang and Late Ming Painting

203

(3)

Late Ming Government (1590--1644)

206

(3)

East Asia and Modern Europe: First Encounters

209

(16)

The Portuguese in East Asia

210

(2)

The Jesuits in Japan

212

(4)

The Impact of Other Europeans

216

(1)

The ``Closing of Japan''

217

(2)

The Jesuits in China

219

(1)

The Rites Controversy

220

(2)

The Decline of Christianity in China

222

(3)

China Under the Manchus

225

(28)

Formation of the Manchu State

226

(3)

The Conquest

229

(2)

Three Thinkers

231

(3)

Early Qing Painting

234

(2)

The Reign of Kangxi

236

(2)

Yongzheng

238

(1)

Qianlong

239

(1)

Decorative Arts

240

(1)

Culture of the Literati in the Eighteenth Century

241

(3)

Qing Fiction

244

(1)

Economy and Society

245

(3)

Overseas Trade and the Canton System

248

(1)

Internal Decay

248

(5)

PART FOUR CHINA IN THE MODERN WORLD

The Intrusion of the West

253

(24)

Breakdown of the Canton System: Sino-British Tensions

256

(2)

The Opium Trade

258

(3)

The Opium War (1839--1842)

261

(1)

The Treaty System

262

(2)

China and the West (1842--1860)

264

(1)

Russian Gains

265

(1)

Internal Crisis

266

(1)

TheTaiping Rebellion (1850--1864)

267

(2)

Taiping Programs and Policies

269

(1)

Dissension and Weakness

269

(1)

Zeng Guofan and the Defeat of the Taipings

270

(1)

The Qing Restoration

271

(6)

Self-Strengthening, 1874--1894

277

(19)

The Empress Dowager and the Government

278

(2)

Self-Strengthening

280

(1)

Education

281

(2)

Economic Self-Strengthening

283

(1)

The Traditional Economic Sector

284

(1)

Missionary Efforts and Christian Influence

285

(3)

Endings and Beginnings

288

(1)

Foreign Relations

289

(2)

Vietnam and the Sino-French War of 1884--1885

291

(2)

Korea and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894--1895

293

(1)

The Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 1895)

294

(2)

The End of the Old Order, 1895--1912

296

(14)

Reformers in Thought and Action

297

(3)

The Scramble for Concessions

300

(2)

The Boxer Rising

302

(1)

Winds of Change

303

(1)

Revolutionaries

304

(1)

Eleventh-Hour Reform

305

(1)

The Revolution of 1911

306

(4)

PART FIVE POST-IMPERIAL CHINA

Fragmentation and Struggle For a New China, 1912--1927

310

(18)

Yuan Shikai

311

(1)

The Warlord Era

312

(1)

Intellectual Ferment

313

(2)

Intellectual Alternatives

315

(1)

Cultural Alternatives

316

(4)

Marxism in china: The Early Years

320

(2)

The Guomindang and Sun Yat-sen (1913--1923)

322

(1)

Guomindang and CCP Cooperation (1923--1927)

322

(2)

The Break

324

(2)

Establishment of the Nationalist Government

326

(2)

China Under the Nationalists, 1927--1949

328

(23)

The Nanjing Decade: An Uneasy Peace

329

(1)

The Najing Decade: Domestic Policies

330

(3)

The Chinese Communists (1927--1934)

333

(3)

The Long March

336

(1)

The United Front and War

337

(2)

The Expansion of the War into a Pacific War

339

(1)

China During the War

340

(5)

The End of the Second World War

345

(1)

Civil War and Communist Triumph, 1946--1949

346

(5)

The New China

351

(33)

Consolidation and Construction Soviet Style (1949--1958)

Government and Politics

352

(2)

Foreign Relations and the Korean War

354

(1)

Economic Policies

355

(3)

Though Reform and Intellectuals

358

(2)

The Revolution Continued (1958--1976)

The Great Leap Forward

360

(2)

The Sino-Soviet Split

362

(2)

Domestic Developments (1961--1965)

364

(1)

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1965--1969)

365

(2)

The Winding Down (1969--1976)

367

(3)

China After Mao (1977--)

The Four Modernization's

370

(4)

Taiwan

Economic Growth and Modernization

374

(1)

Artistic and Intellectual Life

Serving the People

375

(5)

New Beginnings

380

(4)

Suggestions for Further Reading

384

(13)

Index

397

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A Brief History of Chinese Civilization

Summary

Table of Contents

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