A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament The Hebrew Bible in its Context

Engaging and accessible to students from all backgrounds, A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context, Fourth Edition, is an updated, concise, and more accessible version of Michael D. Coogan and Cynthia R. Chapman's best-selling The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures, Fourth Edition (OUP, 2017). The authors work primarily from a historical and critical methodology but also introduce students to literary analysis and other interpretive strategies.

Providing a nondenominational and nondoctrinal treatment, this text offers a unique and captivating introduction to the Hebrew scriptures themselves and to how they have been--and can be--interpreted.

A FREE 6-MONTH subscription to Oxford Biblical Studies Online (www.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com)--a $180 value--is included with the purchase of every new copy of this text.

Michael D. Coogan has been Lecturer on the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible at Harvard Divinity School and is Director of Publications for the Harvard Semitic Museum. He has edited The New Oxford Annotated Bible for twenty years and written and edited many other books.

Cynthia R. Chapman is Professor of Biblical Studies at Oberlin College. She is the author of The House of the Mother: The Social Roles of Maternal Kin in Biblical Hebrew Narrative and Poetry (2016) and The Gendered Language of Warfare in the Israelite-Assyrian Context (2004).

*=New to this Edition
Preface
Abbreviations
Credits
PART ONE. INTRODUCTORY 1. WHAT IS THE BIBLE?
Box 1.1 Chapter and Verse
The Jewish Tanakh
The Christian Canons
* Canon and Canonical Ordering of Books
Box 1.2 The Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
The Study of the Bible
Box 1.3 The Dead Sea Scrolls
A Look Back and Ahead
2. THE PROMISED LAND
Geography
History
c A Look Back and Ahead
PART TWO. COSMIC ORIGINS
3. CREATIONS Genesis 1-3
The Book of Genesis
Genesis 1 and the Sabbath
Box 3.1 Genesis and Science
* Box 3.2 The Sabbath across Time
Box 3.3 Myth and the Bible
The Second Account of Creation (Gen 2.4b-3.24)
Box 3.4 "God" and "The LORD (God)"
Box 3.5 The Garden of Eden
* Box 3.6 Adam and Eve across Time
A Look Back and Ahead
4. THE FORMATION OF THE PENTATEUCH AND THE PRIMEVAL HISTORY Genesis 4-11
The Traditional View
The Development of Modern Interpretation
A Summary of the Documentary Hypothesis
The Formation of the Pentateuch
Challenges to the Documentary Hypothesis
Other Strategies for Interpreting the Pentateuch
Primeval History
J (the Yahwist Source)
Box 4.1 Cain and Abel
* Box 4.2 The Cures of Ham across Time
Box 4.3 The Sons of God
Box 4.4 The Tower of Babel
Box 4.5 The Table of Nations
P (the Priestly Source)
The Flood
Box 4.6 The Documentary Hypothesis at Work
A Look Back and Ahead
PART THREE. NATIONAL ORIGINS
5. THE ANCESTORS OF ISRAEL Genesis 12-50
The Narratives
Box 5.1 Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah
* Box 5.2 The Binding of Isaac across Time
Box 5.3 Circumcision
* Box 5.4 The Sin of Sodom
Box 5.5 The Ugaritic Texts
The Ancestors of Israel
Box 5.6 Abraham, Father of Believers
* Box 5.7 The Rape of Dinah
History and the Ancestors of Israel
The Religion of the Ancestors
A Look Back and Ahead
6. ESCAPE FROM EGYPT Exodus 1-15
The Book of Exodus
Exodus 1-15
Box 6.1 Legends of Rescue
Box 6.2 The Meaning of the Divine Name Yahweh
Box 6.3 The Hardening of Pharaoh's Heart
* Box 6.4 The Passover Celebration across Time
* Box 6.5 The Exodus in African-American Interpretations
The Exodus and History
The Exodus and the History of Religions
A Look Back and Ahead
7. FROM EGYPT TO SINAI Exodus 16-24
Itineraries
Incidents on the Journey
Box 7.1 Manna
Box 7.2 The Location of Sinai
At Sinai
Covenant
The Ten Commandments
* Box 7.3 The Ten Commandments across Time
The Ratification of the Covenant
A Look Back and Ahead
8. LAW, RITUAL, AND HOLINESS Exodus 20.22-23.33 and 25-40 and Leviticus
Law in the Ancient Near East
Box 8.1 Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi
The Covenant Code (Ex 20.22-23.33)
The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments and Ordination
Box 8.2 "An Eye for an Eye"
The Golden Calf
Box 8.3 Forty Days and Forty Nights
The Ritual Decalogue
Sequel
Box 8.4 An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar
The Book of Leviticus
Sacrifices (Lev 1-7)
The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10)
Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15)
The Day of Atonement (Lev 16)
The Holiness Code (Lev 17-26)
* Box 8.5 Same-sex Relationships
Box 8.6 Capital Punishment
Women in Israelite Ritual and Law
The Ethics of Leviticus
A Look Back and Ahead
9. IN THE WILDERNESS Numbers
The Book of Numbers
Preparations for the Journey
Law, Ritual, and Purity
The Chronology and Geography of the Wanderings
Rebellions in the Wilderness
Box 9.1 Miriam
Opposition on the Journey
Box 9.2 Excerpt from the Deir Alla Texts
Preparations for the Entry into the Land
A Look Back and Ahead
10. THE END OF THE JOURNEY TO THE PROMISED LAND Deuteronomy
The Book of Deuteronomy
Box 10.1 The Shema
The Origins of Deuteronomy
* Box 10.2 Curses in the Vassal Treaties of Esar-haddon
Box 10.3 The Meanings of "Torah"
The Deuteronomic School
* Box 10.4 Redaction Criticism
Moses in the Pentateuch
A Look Back and Ahead
11. JOSHUA AND THE CONQUEST OF THE LAND OF CANAAN Joshua
The Deuteronomistic History
The Book of Joshua
* Box 11.1 Postcolonial Readings of Rahab
Box 11.2 Shechem in Biblical Tradition
A Look Back and Ahead
12. THE EMERGENCE OF ISRAEL IN THE LAND OF CANAAN Judges
The Book of Judges
Box 12.1 The Judges of Israel in the Book of Judges
Box 12.2 The Moabites and the Ammonites
Box 12.3 The Song of Deborah
Box 12.4 The Philistines
History and the Israelite Confederation
A Look Back and Ahead
PART FOUR. KINGS AND PROPHETS
13. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MONARCHY 1 Samuel
The Books of Samuel
1 Samuel
Box 13.1 Positive Assessments of Saul
* Box 13.2 David and Goliath l
* Box 13.1 Queer Criticism and David's Love for Jonathan
A Look Back and Ahead
14. THE REIGN OF DAVID 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2
2 Samuel
* Box 14.1 Jerusalem across Time
Box 14.2 David as Poet
History
A Look Back and Ahead
15. THE REIGN OF SOLOMON 1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89
The Books of Kings
1 Kings 1-11
* Box 15.1 Solomon across Time
History
The Ideology of the Davidic Monarchy
* Box 15.2 The Royal Ideology across Time
A Look Back and Ahead
16. THE DIVIDED KINGDOMS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH FROM THE LATE TENTH TO THE EARLY EIGHTH CENTURIES BCE 1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14 with an Introduction to Prophecy
History
Box 16.1 Chronology of the Late Tenth to Mid-eighth Centuries BCE
Institutions and Society
Prophets and Prophecy
* Box 16.2 Prophets across Time
The Legends of Elijah and Elisha
* Box 16.3 Elijah across Time
A Look Back and Ahead
17. THE NORTHERN KINGDOM OF ISRAEL IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY BCE 2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and Hosea
History
Box 17.1 Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE
Prophetic Books
Amos
Box 17.2 The Day of the Lord
Hosea
Box 17.3 Prophetic Attacks on Rituals
Box 17.4 Marriage in Ancient Israel
A Look Back and Ahead
18. THE SOUTHERN KINGDOM OF JUDAH IN THE EIGHTH AND EARLY SEVENTH CENTURIES BCE 2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and Micah
History
Box 18.1 Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE
Isaiah
The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCE
Box 18.2 The Identification of Immanuel
The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCE
Box 18.3 Sennacherib's Attack on Jerusalem (701 BCE) according to the Assyrian Annals
Box 18.4 Hezekiah's Tunnel
Micah
A Look Back and Ahead
19. JUDAH IN THE SEVENTH AND EARLY SIXTH CENTURIES BCE: THE END OF ASSYRIAN DOMINATION AND THE FALL OF JERUSALEM 2 Kings 21-25, 2 Chronicles 33-36, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Jeremiah
History
Box 19.1 Chronology of the Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE
Box 19.2 Ashurbanipal's Library
Box 19.3 Megiddo and Armageddon
The Book of Zephaniah
The Book of Nahum
The Book of Habakkuk
Jeremiah
* Box 19.4 Jeremiah and the Lost Ark across Time
Box 19.5 Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking
A Look Back and Ahead
PART FIVE. EXILE AND RETURN
20. AFTER THE FALL: JUDEANS IN JUDAH AND BABYLON Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and Ezekiel
History
The Book of Lamentations
Box 20.1 Acrostic Poems
The Judeans in Babylonia
Psalm 137
The Book of Obadiah
Ezekiel
Box 20.2 Yahweh as Violent Husband
A Look Back and Ahead
21. RETURN FROM EXILE Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55
History
Box 21.1 Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE
The Priestly Source of the Pentateuch
The Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic History
Isaiah 40-55
* Box 21.2 Canonical Criticism and the Book of Isaiah
Box 21.3 The Development of Monotheism
Box 21.4 Female Images of God
A Look Back and Ahead
PART SIX. RECONSTRUCTION, CONSOLIDATION, AND CHALLENGE
22. THE RESTORATION: JUDAH IN THE LATE SIXTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES BCE Ezra 3-10, Nehemiah, Haggai, Zechariah, Isaiah 24-27 and 56-66, Joel, and Malachi
History
Box 22.1 Chronology of the Mid-sixth to the Fourth Centuries BCE
Ezra 3-6
Box 22.2 Aramaic
The Book of Haggai
Zechariah 1-8
Isaiah 56-66
The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah
Box 22.3 The Elephantine Papyri
Apocalyptic Literature
The "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24-27)
Zechariah 9-14
The Book of Joel
The Book of Malachi
A Look Back and Ahead
23. RETELLING THE STORY 1-2 Chronicles, Psalms, and Proverbs
The Books of Chronicles
* Box 23.1 Samaria and the Samaritans across Time
The Book of Psalms
Box 23.2 Parallelism
Music in Ancient Israel
A Look Back and Ahead
24. THE WISDOM OF THE SAGES: PRESERVATION AND CHALLENGE Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon with an Introduction to Wisdom Literature
Wisdom Literature
The Book of Proverbs
The Book of Job
Box 24.1 The Satan
Box 24.2 "I Know that my Redeemer Liveth"
Box 24.3 Behemoth and Leviathan
Box 24.4 Job's Wife and Daughters
The Book of Ecclesiastes
The Development of Beliefs in Life after Death in Ancient Israel
The Song of Solomon
A Look Back and Ahead
25. HEROES IN FOREIGN LANDS: POSTEXILIC LITERATURE AND DIASPORIC IDENTITY Ruth, Jonah, Esther, and Daniel
The Book of Ruth
The Book of Jonah
The Book of Esther
Box 25.1 The Festival of Purim
The Book of Daniel
Box 25.2 Angels and Demons
Box 25.3 "Son of Man"
Box 25.4 Outline of the Visions of Successive Kingdoms in the Book of Daniel
APPENDIX: THE APOCRYPHAL/DEUTEROCANONICAL BOOKS
Revisions of and Additions to Biblical Books
Historiographic Literature
Historical Fiction
Wisdom Literature
Other Compositions
Chronology
General Bibliography
Glossary
Weights and Measures
Index