Britannia Overruled British Policy and World

This book brings together the often separated histories of diplomacy, defence, economics and empire in a provocative reinterpretation of British 'decline'. It also offers a broader reflection on the nature of international power and the mechanisms of policymaking. For this Second Edition, David Reynolds has added a new chapters and extends his lively and incisive analysis to the beginning of the new millennium.

Director of Studies in History at Christ's College, Cambridge

List of Tables and Maps

vii

Abbreviations

viii

Acknowledgements

x

Introduction

1

(3)

Power

4

(32)

The relativities of power

4

(3)

Britannia rules

7

(3)

Wealth

10

(7)

Rivals

17

(6)

Empire

23

(7)

`In the long run...'

30

(6)

Policy

36

(26)

Influences from outside government

36

(6)

Whitehall: the problems of coordination

42

(5)

Between wealth and power: the role of policy

47

(7)

Policymaking: chaos, reason, instinct and tradition

54

(8)

Cold War, 1899--1914

62

(21)

Empire and `efficiency'

63

(5)

Diplomatic realignments

68

(5)

The German challenge

73

(4)

The elusive balance

77

(6)

Great War, 1914--22

83

(25)

The July crisis and the outbreak of war

84

(4)

The deepening conflict: strategy and supply

88

(6)

No peace, no victory: alliance diplomacy

94

(5)

The balance sheet

99

(9)

No War, 1919--40

108

(29)

The quest for agreement with Germany

109

(5)

Arms and the men

114

(5)

The global dimension: between appeasement and confrontation

119

(7)

`Munich'

126

(2)

The failure of containment

128

(9)

World War, 1940--7

137

(26)

Bluff

138

(4)

Fighting with allies

142

(5)

The collapse of the wartime alliance

147

(7)

Crisis of empire

154

(4)

Denouement: 1947

158

(5)

Superpowers, 1947--55

163

(27)

Creating the Atlantic alliance

164

(3)

Great power by interdependence

167

(7)

Developing the Commonwealth

174

(7)

European integration and the German question

181

(9)

Circles, 1955--70

190

(34)

Suez

191

(3)

Britain and the world economy

194

(3)

Defence and transatlantic interdependence

197

(6)

Outside Europe's magic circle

203

(5)

The global role: contraction and continuance

208

(4)

The centre cannot hold, 1964--70

212

(12)

Europe, 1970--9

224

(17)

The changing context of power and policy

225

(2)

Heath and British entry: the price of success

227

(6)

Labour and `renegotiation': domestic politics and foreign policy

233

(8)

Thatcher, 1979--90

241

(35)

`Britain is Great again'

242

(7)

The European Community and the road to 1992

249

(10)

Beyond the Cold War

259

(7)

Towards a new Europe

266

(10)

Identities, 1990--9

276

(28)

The Gulf War and the `New World Order'

278

(2)

Europe and the Euro

280

(7)

The West and Europe's Far East

287

(7)

The new world disorder

294

(3)

The disunited kingdom?

297

(7)

Conclusion

304

(18)

Britannia overruled

304

(5)

History and hegemony

309

(6)

Power, policy and interdependence

315

(7)

Appendix 1: Principal Officers of State since 1895

322

(5)

Appendix 2: The Institutions of the European Community

327

(1)

Bibliography

328

(26)

Maps

354

(13)

Index

367

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Britannia Overruled British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials