Bugs in the System

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ISBN: 9781853834295 | 1853834297
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/30/1998

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This important, interdisciplinary contribution to the 'greening' business debate looks at one of the most environmentally controversial industries - the chemical pesticide industry. If that sector can be put on to an environmentally sustainable footing, then the same may be possible for virtually all of industry. As business and environmental trends turn the pesticide industry's focus to biotechnology and seed engineering, this book examines the extent to which the industry is prepared to exploit new business opportunities in a more regenerative agriculture and draws attention to the industry's economic, environmental and social responsibilities.

List of Figures, Tables and Boxes

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Contributors

xiii

Preface

xvi

Acknowledgements

xviii

The Greening of Industry versus Greenwash: Introducing a Case Study

(16)

William Vorley

Dennis Keeney

Bugs in the System: Reason for the study

(3)

Understanding the forces at play

(3)

The vision thing: Business goes `sustainable'

(2)

The controversial nature of sustainable agriculture

(1)

The reference points

(6)

Business declarations and international agreements

(2)

Polluter pays, full cost accounting, environmental economics

(1)

Stakeholder analysis and involvement

(3)

Summary: an Interdisciplinary Approach

(1)

References

(3)

Pesticides in World Agriculture: Causes, Consequences and Alternative Courses

(33)

Jules Pretty

William Vorley

Dennis Keeney

Introduction

(2)

Drivers of Pesticide Use

(9)

The marginalization and specialization of farming

(2)

Intensive livestock production and industrial uses of crops

(1)

Production subsidies

(2)

Demand for cosmetic quality

(1)

Free trade and global sourcing

(1)

Social pressure

(1)

Hangovers from the Green Revolution

(1)

Pesticide- and fertilizer-induced pests

(1)

Privatization of research or information

(1)

The Consequences of Pesticide Dependence

(8)

Food and drinking water

(1)

Farmers and farm workers

(1)

Ecosystems

(1)

Impacts of production, transport, storage and disposal

(2)

Impact on government and governance

(3)

Reduced Dependence on Pesticides

(6)

The language of loss

(1)

Alternative realities

(4)

Conclusions

(3)

References

(5)

The True Price of Pesticides

(44)

David Pearce

Robert Tinch

Introduction

(1)

The Basic Economics of Pesticides

(12)

The concept of `true' price

(1)

Economic failure

(1)

Solutions to market failure

(2)

Government failure

(1)

`Optimal' pesticide use

(1)

The economics illustrated: A diagrammatic analysis

(4)

Environmental valuation

(2)

From Theory to Practice: The Benefits of Pesticide Use

(7)

Use of pesticides

(1)

The benefits of pesticide use

(7)

From Theory to Practice: The External Costs of Pesticide Use

(13)

Comprehensive studies: USA

(2)

Health damages: Direct and indirect exposure

(2)

Health damages via food consumption

(1)

Willingness to pay for pesticide-free food

(3)

Valuing health damage

(1)

Surface water and groundwater contamination

(1)

Soils

(1)

Biodiversity

(1)

Resistance

(1)

Non-use values

(1)

The Cost Benefit Equation

(2)

Adopting a Pesticide Tax

(3)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(5)

Incorporating External Impacts in Pest Management Choices

(13)

Vivien Foster

Susana Mourato

Robert Tinch

Ece Ozdemiroglu

David Pearce

Pesticide Ratings and Contingent Ranking of Effects

(4)

Pesticide ranking indices

(1)

Making rankings useful through objective weighting

(1)

Relative and absolute values

(1)

Contingent valuation of farmers' preferences

(1)

Contingent ranking estimates of pesticide external costs

(1)

Contingent Ranking Exercise

(2)

The contingent-ranking approach

(1)

The design of the survey

(1)

Use of Contingent-Ranking Results in Pesticide Choice Decisions

100

(4)

Calculating the Overall Marginal Social Cost of Pesticides

100

(1)

Ranking of Selected Pesticides Used on Wheat in the UK

101

(2)

Using rankings to estimate a differentiated tax

103

(1)

Policy Implications: Summary

104

(2)

Uniform pesticide taxes

104

(1)

Differential tax or subsidy policies using damage indices for pesticides

105

(1)

Differential taxation by location

105

(1)

Environmental damage indices as information for farmers

106

(1)

References

106

(1)

Sustainable Business and the Pesticide Business: a Comparison

107

(29)

Dominik Koechlin

Anja Wittke

Introduction: Sustainability as a Corporate Strategy

107

(1)

Sustainable industries

108

(1)

The Pesticide Industry and its Power in the Agrifood System

108

(11)

Driving forces

110

(4)

Players and power in the agrifood chain

114

(5)

Current Strategies of the Pesticide Industry

119

(5)

R&D strategies

119

(3)

Restructuring and cost-cutting strategies

122

(1)

Product strategies

123

(1)

Implementing a Sustainable Strategy in the Pesticide Industry

124

(9)

Knowledge management

124

(3)

Strategic planning and focus

127

(2)

Environmental management

129

(1)

Value management -- Shareholders

130

(1)

Value management -- Stakeholders

130

(1)

The key controversy? Shareholders versus stakeholders

131

(2)

Conclusions

133

(1)

References

134

(2)

Unravelling the Stakeholder Dialogue of Pest Management

136

(33)

Mick Mayhew

Sam Alessi

Introduction

136

(1)

Stakeholder Focus Groups

137

(3)

Stakeholder knowledge

138

(1)

Necessity of individual stakeholder development

138

(1)

Development of the stakeholder `mind'

139

(1)

Systems Therapy: A Method for Managing Human Systems

140

(2)

Dualism: Maintaining the `stuck' system

141

(1)

Triangles: Potential source for interventive strategies

142

(1)

Stakeholder Analysis of Pest Management

142

(3)

Stakeholder groups

143

(1)

Stakeholder Session Format

143

(2)

Documentation

145

(1)

Analysis

145

(1)

The Results: The Dialogue Unravelled

145

(20)

The `Triple-S' debate: system, science, sustenance

147

(9)

The systemic view

156

(3)

A question of the head or the heart: Education as solution?

159

(6)

Conclusions

165

(1)

References

166

(3)

Future Searching for New Opportunities Involving the Pesticide Industry and Sustainable Agriculture

169

(24)

David Morley

Beth Franklin

Introduction

169

(1)

Future Searching

170

(2)

Future Searching the Pesticide Industry and Sustainability Question

172

(1)

Organization of Chapter

172

(2)

Search Themes on the Issue of Pesticide and Sustainable Agriculture

174

(13)

Agricultural perspectives

177

(1)

Pesticide industry and the use of pesticides

178

(1)

Research, science and technology

179

(1)

International issues relating to sustainability and pesticides

180

(1)

The role of consumers

180

(1)

Education and public awareness

181

(1)

Government action and regulation

182

(1)

Role of local communities

183

(1)

Creating new institutions and change processes

184

(3)

Selection of Task Groups

187

(3)

Stewardship 1

187

(1)

Stewardship 2

188

(1)

Appropriate technology

189

(1)

Watershed management

190

(1)

Conclusions

190

(2)

References

192

(1)

Solving for Pattern

193

(23)

William Vorley

Dennis Keeney

Leverage Points

193

(1)

The Storm Clouds

194

(1)

Change Course or Change Colour? New Literacy as a Prerequisite

195

(2)

Corporate Visions and the Ecosystem Concept: Implications

197

(4)

We're all insiders

197

(1)

Intensity, revenge effects and lateral solutions

198

(1)

Precaution and a new relationship with science

199

(1)

Ecological design and the restorative economy

200

(1)

Opportunities for Sustainable Business in Sustainable Agriculture?

201

(4)

`Soft' chemistry: biological and biotechnology products

201

(1)

Selling services for information-intensive agriculture

202

(3)

Market Correction and Technological Sustainability

205

(1)

New Stakeholder Participation and Involvement

206

(4)

Visioning and the application of futures methodology

207

(2)

Technology choice

209

(1)

First Steps

210

(1)

Closing Remark -- New Business or New Learning Process?

211

(1)

References

212

(4)

Contact Addresses

216

(2)

Index

218

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Bugs in the System

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials