Building American Cities: The Urban Real

Joe R. Feagin (Ph.D. Harvard University) is the Graduate Research Professor of Sociology at the University of Florida. Robert E. Parker (Ph.D. University of Texas) is currently a full professor of sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas

PREFACE,

xi

Chapter 1 BUILDING AMERICAN CITIES: Traditional and Critical Perspectives,

1

(36)

Introduction,

1

(3)

Growth and Decline of Cities: Traditional Social Science Perspectives,

4

(5)

Growth and Decline of Cities: The Critical Urban Perspective,

9

(7)

Powerful Agents of Urban Change: Private Producers,

16

(6)

Government and Urban Development,

22

(6)

Protesting and Humanizing Development: Urban Citizen Movements,

28

(2)

Conclusion: The Need for Public Balance Sheets,

30

(2)

Notes,

32

(5)

Chapter 2 CORPORATE LOCATION DECISIONS,

37

(26)

Introduction,

37

(1)

Scale and Character of the Job Losses,

38

(3)

The Logic of Corporate Location Decisions,

41

(6)

Cycles of Uneven Development: Some Urban History,

47

(8)

Government Subsidies for Corporate Locations,

55

(3)

Conclusion,

58

(1)

Notes,

59

(4)

Chapter 3 DEVELOPERS, BANKERS, AND SPECULATORS: Shapers of American Cities,

63

(38)

Introduction,

63

(2)

The Roles and Types of Developers,

65

(3)

The Organization, Bureaucratization, and Operation of Developers,

68

(9)

Bankers, Insurance Companies, and Other Lenders,

77

(8)

The Increasing Importance of Foreign Investment,

85

(3)

Construction Firms and Realtors,

88

(1)

Land Development and Land Speculation,

89

(4)

Conclusion: The Downside of Development,

93

(1)

Notes,

94

(7)

Chapter 4 SKYSCRAPERS AND MULTIPLE-USE PROJECTS,

101

(28)

Introduction,

101

(1)

Changing Skylines: Skyscrapers and Other Office Buildings,

102

(4)

Boom and Bust: Cycles in Office Construction,

106

(3)

High-Rise Hotels: Another Type of Secondary-Circuit Development,

109

(2)

Financing High-Rise Development,

111

(2)

Problems in High-Rise Development,

113

(5)

Multiple-Use Developments,

118

(5)

Conclusion: Citizens Questioning Large-Scale Development,

123

(1)

Notes,

124

(5)

Chapter 5 GENTRIFICATION AND REDEVELOPMENT IN CELL CITIES,

129

(24)

Introduction,

129

(1)

Uneven Urban Development,

130

(2)

Central-City Development: Who Decides?,

132

(6)

Gentrification: A Closer Look,

138

(3)

Urban Displacement,

141

(4)

Urban Redevelopment as Institutionalized Racism,

145

(3)

Conclusion,

148

(1)

Notes,

148

(5)

Chapter 6 AUTOS, HIGHWAYS, AND CITY DECENTRALIZATION,

153

(28)

Introduction,

153

(1)

The Rise and Fall of Mass Rail Transit,

154

(5)

Centralization and Costs of the Automobile,

159

(2)

Construction of Roads and Highways,

161

(4)

Congestion and Other Social Costs,

165

(3)

The Impact of City Decentralization,

168

(4)

Urban and Suburban Space,

172

(1)

Reviving Mass Transit?,

173

(3)

Conclusion,

176

(1)

Notes,

177

(4)

Chapter 7 SHOPPING CENTERS AND BUSINESS PARKS: Decentralized Urban Growth,

181

(26)

Introduction,

181

(2)

Modern Shopping Centers,

183

(8)

Protesting and Defending Development,

191

(4)

Shopping Centers: Modern Village Squares?,

195

(3)

Moving Industry Out of Cities: Industrial and Business Parks,

198

(3)

Conclusion,

201

(1)

Notes,

202

(5)

Chapter 8 SUBURBS AND CENTRAL CITIES: RESIDENTIAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT,

207

(42)

Introduction,

207

(2)

Housing Developers,

209

(5)

Consumers and Producers,

214

(7)

Governments and Housing,

221

(7)

Suburbs: The Negative Side,

228

(3)

The Myth of an Innate Desire for Homeownership,

231

(2)

Tenants and Renters: Critical Housing Issues,

233

(7)

The European Experience,

240

(2)

Conclusion: An Affordable Housing Crisis,

242

(1)

Notes,

243

(6)

Chapter 9 GOVERNMENTS AND THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS,

249

(24)

Introduction,

249

(3)

Government Action in the Cities,

252

(1)

Developers, Growth Coalitions, and Governmental Assistance,

252

(2)

Traditional Governmental Subsidies,

254

(2)

Other Types of Public-Private Partnerships,

256

(2)

Federal Government Aid for Growth and Development,

258

(3)

Federal Aid in Controlling Land Use,

261

(3)

Government Fiscal Crises,

264

(4)

Conclusion,

268

(1)

Notes,

269

(4)

Chapter 10 CITIZEN PROTEST: Democratizing Urban Investment and Development,

273

Introduction,

273

(1)

Citizens Protesting Urban Development and Redevelopment,

274

(7)

Tenants' Movements,

281

(4)

Traditional Planning and Advocacy Planning,

285

(4)

The Need for Public Balance Sheets: Controlling Development,

289

(9)

Conclusion: Reinvigorating Democracy in Urban Settings,

298

(2)

Notes,

300

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Building American Cities: The Urban Real Estate Game

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