Building Python Programs

For courses in Java programming.

A layered, back-to-basics approach to Python programming

The authors of the long successful title, Building Java Programs, bring their proven and class-tested, back-to-basics strategy to teaching Python programming for the first time in Building Python Programs. Their signature layered approach introduces programming fundamentals first, with new syntax and concepts added over multiple chapters. Object-oriented programming is discussed only after students have developed a basic understanding of Python programming. This newly published textfocuses on problem solving with an emphasis on algorithmic thinking and is appropriate for the two-semester sequence in introductory computer science.

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Stuart Reges is a Principal Lecturer in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington.  He manages the introductory programming classes, participates in the design of undergraduate curricula, and is involved in K-12 outreach.  He held similar positions at Stanford University and the University of Arizona in a career spanning 30 years. In 1985 he won the Dinkelspiel Award for Outstanding Service to Undergraduate Education at Stanford.  In 2012 he won the Distinguished Teaching Award which is the highest award given by UW for teaching.

Allison Obourn holds a position as Senior Lecturer in the Computer Science Department at the University of Arizona. She worked as a Lecturer at the University of Washington Computer Science & Engineering Department prior to moving to the University of Arizona. At both schools, she has specialized in teaching introductory programming and web programming. She holds a masters degree from the University of Washington Computer Science & Engineering Department.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Python Programming  

1.1 Basic Computing Concepts 

Why Programming?

Hardware and Software

The Digital Realm

The Process of Programming

Why Python?

The Python Programming Environment

1.2  And Now: Python  

Printing Output

String Literals (Strings)

Escape Sequences

Printing a Complex Figure

Comments, Whitespace, and Readability

1.3 Program Errors

Syntax Errors

Logic Errors (Bugs)

1.4  Procedural Decomposition

Functions

Flow of Control

Identifiers and Keywords

Functions That Call Other Functions

An Example Runtime Error

1.5 Case Study: Drawing Figures

Structured Version

Final Version without Redundancy

Analysis of Flow of Execution

Chapter 2 Data and Definite Loops 

2.1 Basic Data Concepts

Types

Expressions

Literals

Arithmetic Operators  

Precedence

Mixing and Converting Types

2.2 Variables 

A Program with Variables

Increment/Decrement Operators  

Printing Multiple Values

2.3 The for Loop  

Using a Loop Variable 

Details about Ranges

String Multiplication and Printing Partial Lines

Nested for Loops

2.4 Managing Complexity  

Scope

Pseudocode  

Constants

2.5 Case Study: Hourglass Figure

Problem Decomposition and Pseudocode 

Initial Structured Version

Adding a Constant

Chapter 3 Parameters and Graphics

3.1 Parameters

The Mechanics of Parameters 

Limitations of Parameters

Multiple Parameters

Parameters versus Constants

Optional Parameters 

3.2  Returning Values 

The math Module

The random Module 

Defining Functions That Return Values

Returning Multiple Values    

3.3 Interactive Programs

Sample Interactive Program

3.4 Graphics   

Introduction to DrawingPanel 

Drawing Lines and Shapes

Colors   

Drawing with Loops

Text and Fonts

Images 

Procedural Decomposition with Graphics 

3.5 Case Study: Projectile Trajectory 

Unstructured Solution

Structured Solution

Graphical Version

Chapter 4 Conditional Execution

4.1 if/else Statements

Relational Operators

Nested if/else Statements

Factoring if/else Statements 

Testing Multiple Conditions

4.2 Cumulative Algorithms

Cumulative Sum

Min/Max Loops

Cumulative Sum with if

Roundoff Errors

4.3 Functions with Conditional Execution

Preconditions and Postconditions

Raising Exceptions

Revisiting Return Values

Reasoning about Paths

4.4 Strings

String Methods

Accessing Characters by Index

Converting between Letters and Numbers

Cumulative Text Algorithms

4.5 Case Study: Basal Metabolic Rate

One-Person Unstructured Solution

Two-Person Unstructured Solution

Two-Person Structured Solution

Procedural Design Heuristics

Chapter 5 Program Logic and Indefinite Loops

5.1 The while Loop 

A Loop to Find the Smallest Divisor

Loop Priming

5.2 Fencepost Algorithms   

Fencepost with if   

Sentinel Loops     

Sentinel with Min/Max      

5.3 Boolean Logic 

Logical Operators  

Boolean Variables and Flags 

Predicate Functions 

Boolean Zen  

Short-Circuited Evaluation   

5.4 Robust Programs  

The try/except Statement  

Handling User Errors         

5.5 Assertions and Program Logic

Reasoning about Assertions  

A Detailed Assertions Example 

5.6  Case Study: Number Guessing Game  

Initial Version without Hinting

Randomized Version with Hinting

Final Robust Version

Chapter 6 File Processing

6.1  File-Reading Basics   

Data and Files       

Reading a File in Python 

Line-Based File Processing  

Structure of Files and Consuming Input

Prompting for a File

6.2 Token-Based Processing 

Numeric Input  

Handling Invalid Input 

Mixing Lines and Tokens

Handling Varying Numbers of Tokens     

Complex Input Files   

6.3  Advanced File Processing 

Multi-Line Input Records   

File Output      

Reading Data from the Web

6.4 Case Study: ZIP Code Lookup

Chapter 7 Lists

7.1 List Basics 

Creating Lists     

Accessing List Elements   

Traversing a List   

A Complete List Program   

Random Access   

List Methods

7.2 List-Traversal Algorithms  

Lists as Parameters                     

Searching a List 

Replacing and Removing Values

Reversing a List                                                                                          

Shifting Values in a List                                                                             

Nested Loop Algorithms                                                                          

List Comprehensions                                                                                

7.3 Reference Semantics                                                                         

Values and References                                                                             

Modifying a List Parameter                                                                     

The Value None                                                                                         

Mutability                                                                                       

Tuples                                                                                              

7.4 Multidimensional Lists                                                                      

Rectangular Lists                                                                                       

Jagged Lists                                                                                    

Lists of Pixels                                                                                  

7.5 Case Study: Benford’s Law                                                               

Tallying Values

Completing the Program

Chapter 8 Dictionaries and Sets

8.1 Dictionary Basics                                                                                

Creating a Dictionary                                                                                

Dictionary Operations                                                                              

Looping Over a Dictionary                                                                       

Dictionary Ordering                                                                                  

8.2 Advanced Dictionary Usage                                                             

Dictionary for Tallying

Nested Collections                                                                        

Dictionary Comprehensions                                                        

8.3 Sets                                                                                           

Set Basics                                                                                       

Set Operations                                                                              

Set Efficiency                                                                                 

Set Example: Lottery

Chapter 9 Recursion

9.1 Thinking Recursively                                                             

A Nonprogramming Example                                                     

Iteration to Recursion                                                                  

Structure of Recursive Solutions                                                

Reversing a File                                                                             

The Recursive Call Stack

9.2  Recursive Functions and Data                                                        

Integer Exponentiation                                                                

Greatest Common Divisor                                                           

Directory Crawler                                                                         

9.3  Recursive Graphics                                                                

Cantor Set                                                                                      

Sierpinski Triangle                                                                        

9.4  Recursive Backtracking                                                        

Traveling North/East                                                                    

Eight Queens Puzzle                                                                     

Stopping after One Solution                                                       

9.5  Case Study: Prefix Evaluator                                                          

Infix, Prefix, and Postfix Notation                                              

Evaluating Prefix Expressions

Complete Program

Chapter 10 Searching and Sorting

10.1 Searching and Sorting Libraries                                                    

Binary Search                                                                                

Sorting                                                                                            

Shuffling                                                                                         

10.2 Program Complexity                                                            

Empirical Analysis

Complexity Classes

10.3 Implementing Searching and Sorting Algorithms                     

Sequential Search                                                                                      

Binary Search                                                                                  

Recursive Binary Search                                                                           

Selection Sort                                                                                             

10.4 Case Study: Implementing Merge Sort                                                

Splitting and Merging lists                                                                       

Recursive Merge Sort                                                                               

Runtime Performance

Hybrid Approach

Chapter 11 Classes and Objects

11.1 Object-Oriented Programming                                                  

Classes and Objects                                                                                  

Date Objects                                                                                               

11.2 Object State and Behavior                                                         

Data Attributes                                                                                          

Initializers                                                                                       

Methods                                                                                          

Accessors and Mutators                                                                           

Making Objects Printable                                                                         

Object Equality and Ordering                                                                  

11.3 Encapsulation                                                                                

Motivation for Encapsulation                                                                  

Private Attributes and Properties                                                           

Class Invariants                                                                                          

11.4 Case Study: Designing a Stock Class                                         

Object-Oriented Design Heuristics                                                         

Stock Attributes and Method Headers

Stock Method and Property Implementation

Chapter 12 Functional Programming

12.1 Functional Programming Concepts                                           

Side Effects                                                                                     

First-Class Functions                                                                                 

Higher-Order Functions                                                                           

Lambda Expressions                                                                                 

12.2 Functional Operations on Collections                                                  

Using Map                                                                                      

Using Filter

Using Reduce                                                                                 

List Comprehensions                                                                    

12.3 Function Closures                                                                         

Generator Functions                                                                    

Lazy Evaluation                                                                             

Iterable Objects                                                                            

Generator Expressions                                                                 

12.4 Case Study: Perfect Numbers                                                     

Computing Sums                                                                           

The Fifth Perfect Number

Leveraging Concurrency

Appendix A: Python Summary

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