C How to Program

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ISBN: 9780130895721 | 0130895725
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/16/2000

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This is the long-awaited, thorough revision to the world's best-selling introductory C book! Harvey and Paul Deitel have thoroughly updated the book to reflect the latest techniques and ANSI C enhancements, to add detailed introductions to C++, Java, and object-oriented programming, and more. The book's powerful "teach by example" approach is based on more than 10,000 lines of live code, thoroughly explained and illustrated with screen captures showing detailed output. World-renowned corporate trainers and best-selling authors Harvey and Paul Deitel offer the most comprehensive, practical introduction to C ever published -- with hundreds of hands-on exercises, more than 250 complete programs written and documented for easy learning, and exceptional insight into good programming practices, maximizing performance, avoiding errors, debugging, and testing. New features include thorough introductions to C++, Java, and object-oriented programming that build directly on the C skills taught in this book; coverage of graphical user interface development and C library functions; and many new, substantial hands-on projects. For anyone who wants to learn C, improve their existing C skills, and understand how C serves as the foundation for C++, Java, and object-oriented development.

Preface

xxx

Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the World Wide Web

(25)

Introduction

(2)

What Is a Computer?

(1)

Computer Organization

(1)

Evolution of Operating Systems

(1)

Personal Computing, Distributed Computing and Client/Server Computing

(1)

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-level Languages

(1)

The History of C

(1)

The C Standard Library

(1)

The Key Software Trend: Object Technology

(1)

C++ and C++ How to Program

(1)

Java and Java How to Program

(1)

Other High-level Languages

(1)

Structured Programming

(1)

The Basics of a typical C Program Development Environment

(2)

Hardware Trends

(1)

History of the Internet

(1)

History of the World Wide Web

(1)

General Notes About C and this Book

(7)

Introduction to C Programming

(30)

Introduction

(1)

A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text

(4)

Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers

(4)

Memory Concepts

(2)

Arithmetic in C

(3)

Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators

(16)

Structured Program Development in C

(44)

Introduction

(1)

Algorithms

(1)

Pseudocode

(1)

Control Structures

(2)

The if Selection Structure

(2)

The if/else Selection Structure

(4)

The while Repetition Structure

(1)

Formulating Algorithms: Case Study 1 (Counter-Controlled Repetition)

(2)

Formulating Algorithms with Top-down, Stepwise Refinement: Case Study 2 (Sentinel-Controlled Repetition)

(6)

Formulating Algorithms with Top-down, Stepwise Refinement: Case Study 3 (Nested Control Structures)

(2)

Assignment Operators

(3)

Increment and Decrement Operators

(20)

C Program Control

100

(42)

Introduction

101

(1)

The Essentials of Repetition

101

(1)

Counter-Controlled Repetition

102

(2)

The for Repetition Structure

104

(2)

The for Structure: Notes and Observations

106

(1)

Examples Using the for Structure

107

(4)

The switch Multiple-Selection Structure

111

(5)

The do/while Repetition Structure

116

(2)

The break and continue Statements

118

(2)

Logical Operators

120

(2)

Confusing Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators

122

(2)

Structured Programming Summary

124

(18)

C Functions

142

(54)

Introduction

143

(1)

Program Modules in C

143

(2)

Math Library Functions

145

(1)

Functions

146

(1)

Function Definitions

147

(4)

Function Prototypes

151

(2)

Header Files

153

(1)

Calling Functions: Call by Value and Call by Reference

154

(1)

Random Number Generation

155

(4)

Example: A Game of Chance

159

(3)

Storage Classes

162

(2)

Scope Rules

164

(3)

Recursion

167

(3)

Example Using Recursion: The Fibonacci Series

170

(4)

Recursion vs. Iteration

174

(22)

C Arrays

196

(53)

Introduction

197

(1)

Arrays

197

(2)

Declaring Arrays

199

(1)

Examples Using Arrays

199

(12)

Passing Arrays to Functions

211

(5)

Sorting Arrays

216

(2)

Case Study: Computing Mean, Median and Mode Using Arrays

218

(3)

Searching Arrays

221

(5)

Multiple-Subscripted Arrays

226

(23)

C Pointers

249

(57)

Introduction

250

(1)

Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization

250

(1)

Pointer Operators

251

(3)

Calling Functions by Reference

254

(4)

Using the const Qualifier with Pointers

258

(6)

Bubble Sort Using Call by Reference

264

(5)

Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic

269

(3)

The Relationship between Pointers and Arrays

272

(4)

Arrays of Pointers

276

(1)

Case Study: A Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation

277

(4)

Pointers to Functions

281

(25)

C Characters and Strings

306

(46)

Introduction

307

(1)

Fundamentals of Strings and Characters

307

(2)

Character Handling Library

309

(5)

String Conversion Functions

314

(5)

Standard Input/Output Library Functions

319

(4)

String Manipulation Functions of the String Handling Library

323

(2)

Comparison Functions of the String Handling Library

325

(3)

Search Functions of the String Handling Library

328

(5)

Memory Functions of the String Handling Library

333

(4)

Other Functions of the String Handling Library

337

(15)

C Formatted Input/Output

352

(28)

Introduction

353

(1)

Streams

353

(1)

Formatting Output with printf

354

(1)

Printing Integers

354

(2)

Printing Floating-Point Numbers

356

(1)

Printing Strings and Characters

357

(1)

Other Conversion Specifiers

358

(2)

Printing with Field Widths and Precisions

360

(2)

Using Flags in the printf Format-Control String

362

(3)

Printing Literals and Escape Sequences

365

(1)

Formatting Input with scanf

366

(14)

C Structures, Unions, Bit Manipulations and Enumerations

380

(35)

Introduction

381

(1)

Structure Definitions

381

(3)

Initializing Structures

384

(1)

Accessing Members of Structures

384

(2)

Using Structures with Functions

386

(1)

typedef

386

(1)

Example: High-Performance Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation

387

(2)

Unions

389

(3)

Bitwise Operators

392

(8)

Bit Fields

400

(3)

Enumeration Constants

403

(12)

C File Processing

415

(35)

Introduction

416

(1)

The Data Hierarchy

416

(2)

Files and Streams

418

(1)

Creating a Sequential-Access File

419

(5)

Reading Data from a Sequential-Access File

424

(5)

Random-Access Files

429

(1)

Creating a Randomly Accessed File

429

(2)

Writing Data Randomly to a Randomly Accessed File

431

(2)

Reading Data Randomly from a Randomly Accessed File

433

(2)

Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program

435

(15)

C Data Structures

450

(52)

Introduction

451

(1)

Self-Referential Structures

452

(1)

Dynamic Memory Allocation

452

(2)

Linked Lists

454

(7)

Stacks

461

(6)

Queues

467

(6)

Trees

473

(29)

C Preprocessor

502

(12)

Introduction

503

(1)

The #include Preprocessor Directive

503

(1)

The #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants

504

(1)

The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros

504

(2)

Conditional Compilation

506

(1)

The #error and #pragma Preprocessor Directives

507

(1)

The # and ## Operators

507

(1)

Line Numbers

508

(1)

Predefined Symbolic Constants

508

(1)

Assertions

509

(5)

Advanced C Topics

514

(22)

Introduction

515

(1)

Redirecting Input/Output on UNIX and DOS Systems

515

(1)

Variable-Length Argument Lists

516

(2)

Using Command-Line Arguments

518

(2)

Notes on Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programs

520

(1)

Program Termination with exit and atexit

521

(2)

The volatile Type Qualifier

523

(1)

Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Constants

523

(1)

More on Files

523

(3)

Signal Handling

526

(2)

Dynamic Memory Allocation: Functions calloc and realloc

528

(1)

The Unconditional Branch: goto

529

(7)

C++ as a ``Better C''

536

(27)

Introduction

537

(1)

C++

537

(1)

A Simple Program: Adding Two Integers

538

(2)

C++ Standard Library

540

(1)

Header Files

541

(2)

Inline Functions

543

(2)

References and Reference Parameters

545

(4)

Default Arguments and Empty Parameter Lists

549

(2)

Unary Scope Resolution Operator

551

(3)

Function Overloading

554

(1)

Function Templates

555

(8)

C++ Classes and Data Abstraction

563

(47)

Introduction

564

(1)

Implementing a Time Abstract Data Type with a Class

565

(7)

Class Scope and Accessing Class Members

572

(1)

Separating Interface from Implementation

573

(4)

Controlling Access to Members

577

(3)

Access Functions and Utility Functions

580

(3)

Initializing Class Objects: Constructors

583

(1)

Using Default Arguments with Constructors

584

(4)

Using Destructors

588

(1)

When Constructors and Destructors Are Called

588

(3)

Using Data Members and Member Functions

591

(5)

A Subtle Trap: Returning a Reference to a private Data Member

596

(2)

Assignment by Default Memberwise Copy

598

(2)

Software Reusability

600

(10)

C++ Classes: Part II

610

(40)

Introduction

611

(1)

const (Constant) Objects and const Member Functions

611

(9)

Composition: Objects as Members of Classes

620

(5)

friend Functions and friend Classes

625

(3)

Using the this Pointer

628

(5)

Dynamic Memory Allocation with Operators new and delete

633

(2)

static Class Members

635

(5)

Data Abstraction and Information Hiding

640

(3)

Example: Array Abstract Data Type

641

(1)

Example: String Abstract Data Type

642

(1)

Example: Queue Abstract Data Type

642

(1)

Container Classes and Iterators

643

(7)

C++ Operator Overloading

650

(32)

Introduction

651

(1)

Fundamentals of Operator Overloading

652

(1)

Restrictions on Operator Overloading

653

(2)

Operator Functions as Class Members vs. as friend Functions

655

(1)

Overloading Stream-Insertion and Stream-Extraction Operators

656

(3)

Overloading Unary Operators

659

(1)

Overloading Binary Operators

659

(1)

Case Study: An Array Class

660

(12)

Converting between Types

672

(1)

Overloading ++ and --

673

(9)

C++ Inheritance

682

(38)

Introduction

683

(2)

Inheritance: Base Classes and Derived Classes

685

(2)

Protected Members

687

(1)

Casting Base-Class Pointers to Derived-Class Pointers

687

(6)

Using Member Functions

693

(1)

Overriding Base-Class Members in a Derived Class

693

(5)

Public, Protected and Private Inheritance

698

(1)

Direct Base Classes and Indirect Base Classes

699

(1)

Using Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes

699

(4)

Implicit Derived-Class Object to Base-Class Object Conversion

703

(1)

Software Engineering with Inheritance

704

(1)

Composition vs. Inheritance

705

(1)

``Uses A'' and ``Knows A'' Relationships

706

(1)

Case Study: Point, Circle, Cylinder

706

(14)

C++ Virtual Functions and Polymorphism

720

(23)

Introduction

721

(1)

Type Fields and switch Statements

721

(1)

Virtual Functions

722

(1)

Abstract Base Classes and Concrete Classes

723

(1)

Polymorphism

723

(2)

New Classes and Dynamic Binding

725

(1)

Virtual Destructors

726

(1)

Case Study: Inheriting Interface and Implementation

726

(9)

Polymorphism, virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding ``Under the Hood''

735

(8)

C++ Stream Input/Output

743

(45)

Introduction

745

(1)

Streams

745

(3)

Iostream Library Header Files

746

(1)

Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects

746

(2)

Stream Output

748

(4)

Stream-Insertion Operator

748

(2)

Cascading Stream-Insertion/Extraction Operators

750

(1)

Output of char * Variables

751

(1)

Character Output with Member Function put; Cascading puts

752

(1)

Stream Input

752

(6)

Stream-Extraction Operator

752

(3)

get and getline Member Functions

755

(3)

istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignore

758

(1)

Type-Safe I/O

758

(1)

Unformatted I/O with read, gcount and write

758

(1)

Stream Manipulators

759

(5)

Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbase

759

(1)

Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision)

760

(2)

Field Width (setw, width)

762

(1)

User-Defined Manipulators

763

(1)

Stream Format States

764

(10)

Format State Flags

764

(1)

Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (ios: : showpoint)

765

(1)

Justification (ios::left, ios::right, ios::internal)

766

(2)

Padding (fill, setfill)

768

(2)

Integral Stream Base (ios::dec, ios::oct, ios::hex, ios::showbase)

770

(1)

Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific Notation (ios::scientific, ios::fixed)

771

(1)

Uppercase/Lowercase Control (ios::uppercase)

772

(1)

Setting and Resetting the Format Flags (flags, setiosflags, resetiosflags)

772

(2)

Stream Error States

774

(2)

Typing an Output Stream to an Input Stream

776

(12)

C++ Templates

788

(13)

Introduction

789

(1)

Class Templates

789

(6)

Class Templates and Nontype Parameters

795

(1)

Templates and Inheritance

796

(1)

Templates and friends

796

(1)

Templates and static Members

797

(4)

C++ Exception Handling

801

(33)

Introduction

802

(2)

When Exception Handling Should Be Used

804

(1)

Other Error-Handling Techniques

805

(1)

Basics of C++ Exception-Handling: try, throw, catch

806

(1)

A Simple Exception-Handling Example: Divide by Zero

806

(3)

Throwing an Exception

809

(1)

Catching an Exception

810

(3)

Rethrowing an Exception

813

(2)

Exception Specifications

815

(1)

Processing Unexpected Exceptions

815

(1)

Stack Unwinding

816

(1)

Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling

817

(1)

Exceptions and Inheritance

818

(1)

Processing new Failures

818

(4)

Class auto_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation

822

(2)

Standard Library Exception Hierarchy

824

(10)

Introduction to Java Applications and Applets

834

(54)

Introduction

835

(1)

Basics of a Typical Java Environment

836

(3)

General Notes about Java and This Book

839

(1)

A Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text

840

(8)

Another Java Application: Adding Integers

848

(5)

Sample Applets from the Java 2 Software Development Kit

853

(6)

The TicTacToe Applet

854

(2)

The DrawTest Applet

856

(2)

The Java2D Applet

858

(1)

A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String

859

(7)

Two More Simple Applets: Drawing Strings and Lines

866

(2)

Another Java Applet: Adding Integers

868

(20)

Beyond C & C++: Operators, Methods & Arrays in Java

888

(58)

Introduction

889

(1)

Primitive Data Types and Keywords

889

(2)

Logical Operators

891

(5)

Method Definitions

896

(5)

Java API Packages

901

(5)

Random Number Generation

906

(3)

Example: A Game of Chance

909

(8)

Methods of Class JApplet

917

(2)

Declaring and Allocating Arrays

919

(1)

Examples Using Arrays

920

(9)

References and Reference Parameters

929

(2)

Multiple-Subscripted Arrays

931

(15)

Java Object-Based Programming

946

(38)

Introduction

947

(1)

Implementing a Time Abstract Data Type with a Class

948

(8)

Class Scope

956

(1)

Creating Packages

956

(4)

Initializing Class Objects: Constructors

960

(1)

Using Set and Get Methods

961

(7)

Using the this Reference

968

(3)

Finalizers

971

(1)

Static Class Members

971

(13)

Java Object-Oriented Programming

984

(53)

Introduction

985

(2)

Superclasses and Subclasses

987

(2)

protected Members

989

(1)

Relationship between Superclass Objects and Subclass Objects

989

(8)

Implicit Subclass-Object-to-Superclass-Object Conversion

997

(1)

Software Engineering with Inheritance

997

(2)

Composition vs. Inheritance

999

(1)

Introduction to Polymorphism

999

(1)

Type Fields and switch Statements

999

(1)

Dynamic Method Binding

999

(1)

final Methods and Classes

1000

(1)

Abstract Superclasses and Concrete Classes

1000

(1)

Polymorphism Example

1001

(2)

New Classes and Dynamic Binding

1003

(1)

Case Study: Inheriting Interface and Implementation

1004

(6)

Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces

1010

(5)

Inner Class Definitions

1015

(11)

Notes on Inner Class Definitions

1026

(1)

Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types

1026

(11)

Java Graphics and Java2D

1037

(41)

Introduction

1038

(2)

Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects

1040

(1)

Color Control

1041

(7)

Font Control

1048

(6)

Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals

1054

(4)

Drawing Arcs

1058

(2)

Drawing Polygons and Polylines

1060

(3)

The Java2D API

1063

(1)

Java2D Shapes

1063

(15)

Java Graphical User Interface Components

1078

(72)

Introduction

1079

(2)

Swing Overview

1081

(2)

JLabel

1083

(3)

Event Handling Model

1086

(2)

JTextField and JPasswordField

1088

(6)

How Event Handling Works

1093

(1)

JTextArea

1094

(3)

JButton

1097

(4)

JCheckBox

1101

(3)

JComboBox

1104

(2)

Mouse Event Handling

1106

(5)

Layout Managers

1111

(8)

FlowLayout

1111

(3)

BorderLayout

1114

(3)

GridLayout

1117

(2)

Panels

1119

(2)

Creating a Self-Contained Subclass of JPanel

1121

(6)

Windows

1127

(2)

Using Menus with Frames

1129

(21)

Java Multimedia: Images, Animation and Audio

1150

(30)

Introduction

1151

(1)

Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images

1152

(3)

Loading and Playing Audio Clips

1155

(3)

Animating a Series of Images

1158

(4)

Animation Issues

1162

(2)

Customizing Applets via the HTML param Tag

1164

(5)

Image Maps

1169

(2)

Java Plug-In

1171

(3)

Internet and World Wide Web Resources

1174

(6)

A Internet and Web Resources

1180

(11)

A.1 C/C++ Resources

1180

(1)

A.2 C++ Tutorials

1181

(1)

A.3 C/C++ FAQs

1182

(1)

A.4 Visual C++

1182

(1)

A.5 comp.lang.c++

1182

(2)

A.6 C/C++ Compilers

1184

(1)

A.7 C++ Development Tools

1185

(1)

A.8 Java Resources

1185

(2)

A.9 Java Products

1187

(1)

A.10 Java FAQs

1187

(1)

A.11 Java Tutorials

1187

(1)

A.12 Java Magazines

1188

(1)

A.13 Java Applets

1188

(1)

A.14 Multimedia

1189

(1)

A.15 Java Newsgroups

1189

(2)

B C99 Internet and Web Resources

1191

(2)

B.1 C99 Resources

1191

(2)

C Operator Precedence Charts

1193

(5)

D ASCII Character Set

1198

(1)

E Number Systems

1199

(13)

E.1 Introduction

1200

(3)

E.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal Numbers and Hexadecimal Numbers

1203

(1)

E.3 Converting Octal Numbers and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers

1204

(1)

E.4 Converting from Binary, Octal, or Hexadecimal to Decimal

1204

(1)

E.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal, or Hexadecimal

1205

(1)

E.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two's Complement Notation

1206

(6)

Index

1212

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C How to Program

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials