Canonical Forms in Prosodic Morphology

This book considers the interaction of morphological and phonological determinants of linguistic form and the degree to which one determines the other. It considers the operation of canonical forms, the invariant syllabic shapes of morphemes and the defining characteristic of prosodic morphology. Dr Downing presents an original theory which she tests on data from a wide variety of languages. Her book will be of central interest to scholars and advanced students of phonology and morphology, and of linguistic theory more generally.

Laura J. Downing is a Research Fellow at the Centre for General Linguistics, Typology, and Universals Research (ZAS) in Berlin where her work focuses on theoretical issues in prosodic phonology and morphology. Her interest in morphologically-conditioned phonology is represented in a volume she co-edited on Paradigms in Phonological Theory (Oxford). Her current research project at the ZAS is concerned with the prosodic expression of focus in Southern Bantu languages.

1. Introduction

1

(34)

1.1 What is Prosodic Morphology?

2

(3)

1.2 The phonology of Prosodic Morphology

5

(11)

1.2.1 Prosodic constituents and markedness

5

(7)

1.2.2 Prosodic Morphology in Optimality Theory

12

(4)

1.3 The morphology of Prosodic Morphology

16

(6)

1.4 Canonical form and prosodic morpheme shape

22

(11)

1.5 Goals and outline

33

(2)

2. Prosodic Hierarchy-Based Templates

35

(76)

2.1 Prosodic Hierarchy-Based Generalized Template Theory (PBT)

36

(12)

2.1.1 The Stem-Prosodic Word Homology

36

(5)

2.1.2 Canonical forms and markedness

41

(6)

2.1.3 Summary

47

(1)

2.2 Exemplifying the PBT

48

(43)

2.2.1 Prosodic Word is minimally one stress Foot

49

(9)

2.2.2 Truncations and unmarked Prosodic Word

58

(6)

2.2.3 Reduplication and unmarked morpheme shape

64

(18)

2.2.4 Unmarked Root and Affix truncation and reduplication

82

(8)

2.2.5 Summary

90

(1)

2.3 Problems with the PBT

91

(18)

2.3.1 Templates for root-and-pattern morphology do not match stress Feet

91

(3)

2.3.2 Minimal word is not minimal stress Foot

94

(6)

2.3.3 All Words are not subject to the same minimality condition

100

(2)

2.3.4 Truncations are not identical to minimal word

102

(2)

2.3.5 Not all Stems are Prosodic Words or stress Feet

104

(3)

2.3.6 Not all stress domains are Prosodic Words

107

(2)

2.4 Summary

109

(2)

3. Morpheme-Based Templates

111

(90)

3.1 Divorcing templates from the Prosodic Hierarchy

112

(17)

3.1.1 Morphemes, syllables, and branching heads

112

(15)

3.1.2 The advantages of the MBT

127

(2)

3.2 Exemplifying MBT: Case studies

129

(68)

3.2.1 Stems in prosodic morphology

129

(38)

3.2.2 Roots in prosodic morphology

167

(26)

3.2.3 Affixes in prosodic morphology

193

(4)

3.3 Summary

197

(4)

4. The Role of Phonology in Defining Canonical Form in MBT

201

(32)

4.1 Prosodic faithfulness and prosodic variability

202

(9)

4.2 Phonotactics and branching

211

(5)

4.3 Enhancing prosodic salience

216

(5)

4.4 Reduction and category ambiguity

221

(9)

4.5 Summary

230

(3)

5. Questions for Future Research and Conclusion

233

(20)

5.1 Questions for future research

234

(16)

5.1.1 Defining the range of minimal and maximal canonical forms

234

(8)

5.1.2 When morphological category is indeterminate or insufficient

242

(8)

5.2 Conclusion

250

(3)

References

253

(20)

Index

273

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Canonical Forms in Prosodic Morphology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials