Carbon Monoxide in Drug Discovery Basics, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Potential

An insightful reference for the latest physiological and therapeutic studies of carbon monoxide

In Carbon Monoxide in Drug Discovery: Basics, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Potential, a team of distinguished authors delivers foundational knowledge, the latest research, and remaining challenges regarding the physiological roles and therapeutic efficacy of carbon monoxide (CO). The editors have included a broad selection of resources from leading experts in the field that discuss the background and physiological roles of CO, a variety of delivery forms including CO prodrugs using benign carriers, CO sensing, therapeutic applications, and clinical trials.

Organized by topic to allow each chapter to be read individually, the book covers a wide range of topics, from physiological and patho-physiological mechanisms at the molecular level to clinical applications for multiple disease processes.

The editors of Carbon Monoxide in Drug Discovery have created a compelling argument for shifting the accepted understanding of CO from poison to bioactive molecule with enormous clinical benefits. Readers will also benefit from:

• A thorough introduction to the background and physiological actions of carbon monoxide, including endogenous CO production in sickness and in health
• Comprehensive explorations of CO delivery forms, including non-carrier formulations, metal-carbonyl complexes, and organic CO donors
• Practical discussions of carbon monoxide sensing and scavenging, including fluorescent probes for intracellular carbon monoxide detection
• In-depth examinations of the therapeutic applications of CO, including CO in solid organ transplantation

Perfect for professors, graduate students, and postdocs in the fields of biology, pharmacology, immunology, medicinal chemistry, toxicology, and drug delivery, Carbon Monoxide in Drug Discovery: Basics, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Potential is also an invaluable resource for industrial scientists in these areas.

Binghe Wang, PhD, is Regents’ Professor of Chemistry, Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar, and Director for the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics at Georgia State University.

Leo E. Otterbein, PhD, is Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

List of Contributors viii

Preface: Carbon Monoxide: Promises and Challenges in Its Pharmaceutical Development xii

Section I General Background and Physiological Actions 1

1 Endogenous CO Production in Sickness and in Health 3
Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz and Binghe Wang

2 Molecular Mechanisms of Actions for CO: An Overview 27
Rodrigo W. Alves de Souza, Leo E. Otterbein, and Nils Schallner

3 Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Carbon Monoxide 44
Xiaoxiao Yang, Mingjia Wang, Chalet Tan, Wen Lu, and Binghe Wang

4 Carbon Monoxide and Energy Metabolism 88
Daniela Dias-Pedroso, Nuno Soares, and Helena L.A. Vieira

5 Role of CO in Circadian Clock 97
Hiroaki Kitagishi and Ikuko Sagami

6 Carbon Monoxide and Mitochondria 108
Claude A. Piantadosi

7 Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen, and Pseudohypoxia 118
Grace E. Otterbein, Michael S. Tift, and Ghee Rye Lee

8 Nitric Oxide in Human Physiology: Production, Regulation, and Interaction with Carbon Monoxide Signaling 136
Maryam K. Mohammed and Brian S. Zuckerbraun

9 When Carbon Monoxide Meets Hydrogen Sulfide 160
Rui Wang

10 Biliverdin and Bilirubin as Parallel Products of CO Formation: Not Just Bystanders 175
Libor Vitek

Section II Delivery Forms 195

11 Delivery Systems and Noncarrier Formulations 197
James Byrne, Christoph Steiger, Jakob Wollborn, and Giovanni Traverso

12 Metal-Based Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CO-RMs) as Pharmacologically Active Therapeutics 203
Roberta Foresti, Djamal Eddine Benrahla, Shruti Mohan, and Roberto Motterlini

13 Organic CO Donors that Rely on Photolysis for CO Release 223
Yi Liao

14 Organic Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs that Release CO Under Physiological Conditions 232
Zhengnan Yuan and Binghe Wang

15 Targeted Delivery of Carbon Monoxide 259
Lisa M. Berreau

16 Anesthesia-Related Carbon Monoxide Exposure 286
Richard J. Levy

17 Natural Products that Generate Carbon Monoxide: Chemistry and Nutritional Implications 302
Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz and Binghe Wang

Section III Carbon Monoxide Sensing and Scavenging 319

18 Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Carbon Monoxide Detection 321
Ryan R. Walvoord, Morgan R. Schneider, and Brian W. Michel

Section IV Therapeutic Applications 345

19 CO in Solid Organ Transplantation 347
Roberta Foresti, Roberto Motterlini, and Stephan Immenschuh

20 Carbon Monoxide in Lung Injury and Disease 360
Stefan W. Ryter

21 Carbon Monoxide in Acute Brain Injury and Brain Protection 377
Alexandra Mazur, Madison Fangman, Rani Ashouri, Hannah Pamplin, Shruti Patel, and Sylvain Doré

22 CO as a Protective Mediator of Liver Injury: The Role of PERK in HO-1/CO-Mediated Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis in the Liver 385
Yeonsoo Joe, Jeongmin Park, Mihyang Do, Stefan W. Ryter, Young-Joon Surh, Uh-Hyun Kim, and Hun Taeg Chung

23 CO and Cancer 401
James N. Arnold and Joanne E. Anstee

24 CO and Diabetes 423
Rebecca P. Chow and Hongjun Wang

25 Carbon Monoxide and Acute Kidney Injury 434
Mark de Caestecker

26 CO as an Antiplatelet Agent: An Energy Metabolism Perspective 453
Patrycja Kaczara, Kamil Przyborowski, Roberto Motterlini, and Stefan Chlopicki

27 CO in Gastrointestinal Physiology and Protection 466
Katarzyna Magierowska and Marcin Magierowski

28 Carbon Monoxide and Sickle Cell Disease 482
Edward Gomperts, John Belcher, Howard Levy, and Greg Vercellotti

29 CO and Pain Management 497
Olga Pol

30 Clinical Trials of Low-Dose Carbon Monoxide 511
Edward Gomperts, Andrew Gomperts, and Howard Levy

Index 528

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