Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780397550685 | 0397550685
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 3/1/1995
Now thoroughly updated with current, evidence-based material, Cardiac Nursing is recognized as "The Red Reference Book" for nurses caring for patients who have, or are at risk for developing, cardiac diseases. Organized within the framework of the nursing process, this comprehensive clinical reference provides complete information on the assessment, pathophysiology, management, and prevention of heart diseases and details the rationale and evidence for interventions. This edition has seven brand-new chapters on inflammation, atherosclerosis, genetics, heart rate variability, complementary and alternative medicine, disease management models, and nuclear and other scans. Boxes of evidence-based content have been added within chapters where appropriate.
Anatomy and Physiology | p. 1 |
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology | p. 3 |
General Anatomic Description | p. 3 |
Cardiac Structures | p. 6 |
Cardiac Tissue | p. 9 |
Coronary Circulation | p. 12 |
Cardiac Innervation | p. 16 |
Myocardial Cell Structure | p. 16 |
Myocardial Cell Electrical Characteristics | p. 17 |
Cardiac Action Potential | p. 22 |
Sarcolemmal Ionic Currents | p. 26 |
Factors Modifying Electrophysiologic Function | p. 28 |
Propagation of the Cardiac Impulse | p. 29 |
Mechanical Characteristics of Cardiac Cells | p. 32 |
Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium | p. 35 |
Myocardial Metabolism | p. 41 |
Physiology of the Coronary Circulation | p. 41 |
The Cardiac Cycle | p. 43 |
Systemic Circulation | p. 49 |
Structural Characteristics of the Vasculature and Lymphatics | p. 49 |
Local Regulation | p. 53 |
Neurohumoral Stimulation | p. 58 |
Calcium | p. 60 |
Volume and Flow Distribution | p. 61 |
The Arterial System | p. 63 |
The Venous System | p. 64 |
Microcirculatory Exchange | p. 65 |
The Lymphatic System | p. 67 |
Pulmonary Circulation and Gas Transport | p. 71 |
Structural/Anatomic | p. 71 |
Physiology | p. 72 |
Gas Transport | p. 75 |
Oxygen Delivery, Consumption, Extraction and Cardiac Output | p. 77 |
Oxygen Consumption-Delivery Relationship | p. 78 |
Monitoring Oxygenation | p. 78 |
Regulation of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure | p. 81 |
Afferent Input and Receptor | p. 81 |
Central Nervous System Regulation | p. 83 |
Autonomic Nervous System Regulation | p. 84 |
Systemic Hormones | p. 89 |
Heart Rate | p. 92 |
Intrinsic Cardiac Control | p. 93 |
Extrinsic Control: Pericardial Limitation | p. 94 |
Long-Term Control of Blood Pressure | p. 94 |
Local Regulation of Systemic Microvascular Beds | p. 96 |
Venous System | p. 98 |
Models of Cardiac Performance | p. 99 |
Additional Effects of Respiration | p. 102 |
Overall Control | p. 102 |
Physiologic and Pathologic Responses | p. 109 |
Genetics | p. 111 |
DNA | p. 111 |
DNA and Human Diversity | p. 113 |
Genetic Variation | p. 113 |
Gene Testing | p. 114 |
The Human Genome Project | p. 114 |
Pharmacogenomics | p. 114 |
Biochemical Basis of Genetic Disease | p. 115 |
Overview: Heart Disease | p. 115 |
The Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease | p. 116 |
Evidence for a Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease | p. 118 |
Diagnosis and Risk Assessment: Application of Genetic Susceptibility Information in the Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease | p. 120 |
Ethical Considerations | p. 121 |
Summary | p. 121 |
Inflammation | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 127 |
Overview of the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease | p. 128 |
Brain Natriuretic Peptide | p. 129 |
Circulating Adhesion Molecules | p. 129 |
Fibrinogen | p. 130 |
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein | p. 130 |
Homocysteine | p. 131 |
Interleukin 6 | p. 132 |
Serum Amyloid A | p. 133 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | p. 133 |
von Willebrand Factor | p. 134 |
Conclusion | p. 134 |
Atherosclerosis | p. 139 |
American Heart Association Lesion Classification System | p. 139 |
Cells and Extracellular Matrix of Lesions | p. 143 |
Vascular Surface Defects and Hematoma | p. 145 |
Lesion Types and Morphology: Correlation with Clinical Syndromes | p. 146 |
Conclusion | p. 146 |
Hematopoiesis, Coagulation, and Bleeding | p. 150 |
Hematopoietic Cells | p. 150 |
Hemostasis | p. 154 |
Coagulation-Inflammation Link | p. 157 |
Bleeding Disorders | p. 158 |
Clotting Disorders | p. 162 |
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Imbalance | p. 173 |
Principles of Fluid Balance | p. 173 |
Extracellular Fluid Volume Balance | p. 175 |
Osmolality Balance | p. 176 |
Principles of Electrolyte Balance | p. 177 |
Electrolyte Imbalances | p. 179 |
Summary | p. 186 |
Acid-Base Balance and Imbalances | p. 189 |
Principles of Acid-Base Balance | p. 189 |
Acid-Base Imbalances | p. 191 |
Summary | p. 195 |
Sleep | p. 197 |
Normal Sleep | p. 197 |
The Regulation of Sleeping and Waking | p. 202 |
Physiology During Sleep | p. 202 |
Impaired Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | p. 204 |
Sleep in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease | p. 205 |
Cardiac Events in Sleep | p. 208 |
Sleep-Related Disordered Breathing | p. 209 |
Sleep-Related Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease | p. 210 |
Nursing Management | p. 211 |
The Health Care Providers' Sleep | p. 213 |
Summary | p. 213 |
Physiologic Adaptations with Aging | p. 220 |
General Physiologic Changes | p. 221 |
Cardiovascular Changes | p. 222 |
Respiratory Changes | p. 223 |
Renal Changes | p. 224 |
Hepatic Changes | p. 225 |
Effects of Aging on Pharmacokinetics | p. 225 |
Summary | p. 225 |
Assessment of Heart Disease | p. 227 |
History Taking and Physical Examination | p. 229 |
Cardiovascular History | p. 229 |
Physical Assessment | p. 234 |
Laboratory Tests Using Blood | p. 265 |
Blood Specimen Collection | p. 265 |
Cardiac Markers | p. 269 |
Blood Lipids | p. 276 |
Additional Laboratory Tests Associated with Cardiac Disease | p. 278 |
Hematologic Studies | p. 281 |
Blood Cultures | p. 283 |
Coagulation Studies | p. 283 |
Arterial Blood Gases | p. 286 |
Blood Chemistries | p. 286 |
Selected Chemistries | p. 288 |
Serum Concentration of Selected Drugs | p. 291 |
Radiologic Examination of the Chest | p. 296 |
How X-Rays Work | p. 296 |
Interpretation of Chest Radiographs | p. 297 |
Chest Film Findings in Acute Care Determining Line, Tube, and Catheter Placement | p. 297 |
Chest Film Findings in Cardiovascular Disease | p. 297 |
Echocardiography | p. 307 |
Technical Aspects | p. 308 |
Special Techniques | p. 309 |
Echocardiography of Cardiac Structures in Health and Disease | p. 312 |
Newer Techniques | p. 317 |
Conclusion | p. 318 |
Nuclear and Other Imaging Studies | p. 319 |
Nuclear Studies of the heart | p. 319 |
Electrocardiography | p. 326 |
Electrical Conduction Through the Heart | p. 326 |
Basic Electrocardiography | p. 328 |
The 12-Lead Electrocardiogram | p. 330 |
Axis Determination | p. 336 |
Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities | p. 337 |
Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction | p. 342 |
Atrial and Ventricular Enlargement | p. 349 |
Electrolyte Imbalances | p. 353 |
Wellens Syndrome | p. 356 |
Brugada Syndrome | p. 357 |
Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances | p. 361 |
Mechanisms of Arrhythmias | p. 361 |
Basic Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances | p. 365 |
Complex Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances | p. 391 |
Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures | p. 425 |
Diagnostic Electrophysiology Studies | p. 425 |
Interventional Electrophysiology and Catheter Ablation | p. 430 |
Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Electrophysiology Procedures | p. 436 |
Exercise Testing | p. 439 |
Indications and Objectives | p. 439 |
Safety and Personnel | p. 439 |
Pretest Considerations | p. 440 |
Exercise Test Selection | p. 442 |
Interpretation of Exercise Test Responses | p. 445 |
Test Termination | p. 450 |
Recovery Period | p. 452 |
Assessing Test Accuracy | p. 452 |
Ancillary Methods for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease | p. 453 |
Gas Exchange Techniques | p. 454 |
Prognosis | p. 455 |
Exercise Testing in Special Populations | p. 455 |
Summary | p. 456 |
Cardiac Catheterization | p. 459 |
Indications | p. 459 |
Contraindications | p. 460 |
Patient Preparation | p. 461 |
Procedure | p. 463 |
The Nurse in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | p. 472 |
Interpretation of Data | p. 474 |
Hemodynamic Monitoring | p. 478 |
Technical Aspects of Invasive Pressure Monitoring | p. 478 |
Direct Arterial Pressure Monitoring | p. 483 |
Central Venous Pressure Monitoring | p. 488 |
Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring | p. 489 |
Functional Hemodynamic Indices | p. 500 |
Cardiac Output Measurement | p. 503 |
Ventricular Function Curves | p. 505 |
Continuous Cardiac Output | p. 506 |
Less Invasive Methods for Cardiac Output Monitoring | p. 507 |
Oxygen Supply and Demand | p. 512 |
Heart Rate Variability | p. 527 |
Mechanisms of Heart Rate Variability | p. 527 |
Heart Rate Variability Measurement | p. 527 |
HRV Patterns in Common Cardiovascular Conditions | p. 530 |
Factors Influencing Heart Rate Variability | p. 532 |
Impact of Interventions on HRV | p. 535 |
Summary | p. 536 |
Pathophysiology and Management of Heart Disease | p. 539 |
Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome | p. 541 |
Introduction | p. 541 |
Mechanisms That Regulate Coronary Blood Flow | p. 542 |
Causes of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction | p. 542 |
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease | p. 543 |
Incidence of Myocardial Ischemia | p. 543 |
Incidence of Myocardial Infarction | p. 545 |
Implications for Nurses | p. 547 |
Acute Coronary Syndromes | p. 550 |
Angina Pectoris | p. 550 |
Myocardial Infarction | p. 556 |
Interventional Cardiology Techniques | p. 585 |
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions | p. 585 |
Percutaneous Coronary Procedures | p. 587 |
Complications Associated with PCI | p. 592 |
Late Complications of PCI | p. 594 |
Adjuctive Modalities | p. 595 |
Anticoagulation Options for PCI | p. 596 |
Noncoronary Devices | p. 596 |
Nursing Management | p. 597 |
Heart Failure | p. 601 |
Etiologies and Definitions | p. 601 |
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis | p. 603 |
Clinical Manifestations | p. 610 |
Classification | p. 612 |
Medical Management | p. 613 |
Nursing Management | p. 621 |
Cardiac Surgery | p. 628 |
Evolving Trends in Cardiac Surgery | p. 628 |
Properative Assessment and Preparation | p. 628 |
Surgical Techniques | p. 629 |
Cardiac Surgery Procedures for Coronary Artery Revascularization | p. 631 |
Cardiac Surgery Procedures for Acquired Structural Heart Disease | p. 634 |
Cardiac Transplantation | p. 642 |
Acute Heart Failure and Shock | p. 659 |
Database for Nursing Management | p. 659 |
Nursing Management Plan for the Patient in Shock | p. 674 |
Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiac Arrest | p. 689 |
Definition of Sudden Death | p. 689 |
Pathophysiology and Cause of Sudden Cardiac Arrest | p. 689 |
Management of Sudden Cardiac Arrest | p. 691 |
Survivors of Cardiac Arrest | p. 704 |
Summary | p. 707 |
Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators | p. 709 |
Pacemakers | p. 709 |
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators | p. 738 |
Conclusion | p. 754 |
Acquired Valvular Heart Disease | p. 756 |
Database for Nursing Management | p. 756 |
Pericardial, Myocardial, and Endocardial Disease | p. 776 |
Pericardial Disease | p. 776 |
Cardiomyopathies | p. 782 |
Endocardial Disease | p. 787 |
Congenital Heart Disease | p. 794 |
Incidence and Prevalence | p. 794 |
Congenital Heart Defects | p. 794 |
Normal Pulmonary Blood Flow-Impairment or Obstruction to Ventricular Outflow | p. 794 |
Left-to-Right Shunts with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow | p. 798 |
Cyanotic Right-to-Left Shunts with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow | p. 800 |
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow | p. 801 |
Medical Management Plan | p. 803 |
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention | p. 807 |
Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors | p. 809 |
Demographic Characteristics | p. 810 |
Family History of Cardiovascular Disease | p. 810 |
Cigarette Smoking | p. 811 |
Hypertension | p. 812 |
Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins | p. 812 |
Physical Activity | p. 813 |
Diabetes Mellitus | p. 815 |
Body Weight | p. 817 |
Reproductive Hormones | p. 818 |
Folate and Homocysteine | p. 819 |
Antioxidants | p. 820 |
Conclusions | p. 820 |
Psychosocial Risk Factors: Assessment and Management Interventions | p. 825 |
Psychosocial Risk Factors and CHD | p. 825 |
Mechanisms for Psychosocial Risk Factors and CHD | p. 828 |
Assessment of Psychosocial Risk Factors | p. 829 |
Management Interventions for Psychosocial Risk Factors | p. 830 |
Pharmacological Interventions | p. 834 |
Summary | p. 835 |
Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Approach to Managing Patients with Coronary Heart Disease | p. 838 |
Harmful Effects of Smoking | p. 839 |
Benefits of Smoking Cessation | p. 840 |
Theoretical Framework for Smoking Cessation | p. 840 |
Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Coronary Heart Disease Population | p. 840 |
General Trends in Smoking Cessation Interventions | p. 841 |
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: Clinical Practice Guideline | p. 841 |
Special Areas on Which to Focus | p. 849 |
Summary | p. 852 |
Hypertension | p. 856 |
Database for Management | p. 856 |
Management of High BP | p. 867 |
Lipid Management and Coronary Heart Disease | p. 897 |
Blood Lipids: Structure and Functions | p. 897 |
Lipid Metabolism and Transport | p. 898 |
Reverse Cholesterol Transport | p. 899 |
Low-Density Lipoprotein Variants | p. 900 |
Cholesterol and Endothelial Function | p. 900 |
Dyslipidemic Disorders | p. 901 |
Hypercholesterolemia | p. 901 |
The Management of High Blood Cholesterol | p. 902 |
Evaluation of the Patient with Elevated Cholesterol | p. 905 |
Lipoprotein Measurement | p. 905 |
Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia | p. 905 |
Weight Control and Lipid Management | p. 908 |
Alcohol and Lipoproteins | p. 909 |
Physical Activity and Lipoproteins | p. 909 |
Hormones and Lipoproteins | p. 909 |
Pharmacologic Management of Hyperlipidemia | p. 910 |
Exercise and Activity | p. 916 |
Role of Exercise in Cardiovascular Health | p. 916 |
Cardiac Rehabilitation | p. 921 |
Closing Comment | p. 933 |
Obesity: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment | p. 937 |
Identification and Assessment of the Overweight or Obese Patient | p. 938 |
Clinical Evaluation | p. 939 |
Treatment of Overweight and Obesity | p. 941 |
Components of the Treatment | p. 942 |
Summary | p. 945 |
Diabetes Mellitus | p. 948 |
Definition and Diagnosis | p. 948 |
Prevalence and Consequences of Diabetes | p. 948 |
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus | p. 949 |
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | p. 951 |
Pathophysiology of Complications | p. 952 |
Nursing Management of Diabetes | p. 953 |
Health Screening and Monitoring | p. 958 |
Summary | p. 958 |
Adherence to Cardiovascular Treatment Regimens | p. 961 |
Significance of Nonadherence | p. 961 |
Methods of Measurement | p. 962 |
Determinants of Adherence | p. 965 |
Models of Behavior Change | p. 966 |
Adherence-Enhancing Strategies | p. 966 |
Educational Strategies to Improve Adherence | p. 969 |
Questionnaires Relevant to Adherence-Enhancing Interventions | p. 969 |
Building a Therapeutic Relationship with the Patient | p. 970 |
Summary | p. 971 |
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cardiac and Vascular Disease | p. 974 |
CAM Definitions and Characteristics | p. 974 |
CAM Domains | p. 974 |
Prevalence of CAM | p. 975 |
Alternative Medical Systems | p. 975 |
Mind-Body Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease | p. 976 |
Biologically Based Treatments | p. 978 |
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods and Energy Therapies | p. 982 |
Legal Aspects of CAM | p. 982 |
Integration of CAM into Nursing Assessment and Clinical Management | p. 982 |
Summary | p. 983 |
Disease Management Models for Cardiovascular Care | p. 986 |
Disease Management: Definition and Models | p. 987 |
Various Models of Disease Management in Cardiovascular Care | p. 987 |
Components of Disease Management Systems | p. 988 |
Training and Job Qualifications for Disease Management | p. 992 |
The Unresolved Issues for Disease Management | p. 992 |
Index | p. 997 |
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
What is included with this book?
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.