A Casebook on Roman Family Law

, by Frier, Bruce W.; McGinn, Thomas A. J.; Lidov, Joel

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ISBN: 9780195161861 | 0195161866
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/6/2003

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This casebook presents 235 representative texts drawn largely from Roman legal sources, especially Justinian's Digest. These cases and the discussion questions that follow provide a good introduction to the basic legal problems associated with the ordinary families of Roman citizens. The arrangement of materials conveys to students an understanding of the basic rules of Roman family law while also providing them with the means to question these rules and explore the broader legal principles that underlie them.

Major Jurists Cited in This Casebook

xxi

Introduction to Roman Family Law

(9)

Basic Concepts

Freedom, Citizenship, and Household

(2)

Slavery and Freedom

(2)

Agnatic Relationship

(2)

The Household (Familia) and the Pater Familias

(3)

Sui Iuris and Alieni Iuris

(2)

The Age of Majority

(4)

Marriage

Part A. Getting Married

Section 1. Capacity to Marry

Less Than Minimum Age

(2)

The Ability to Procreate

(2)

Conubium

(3)

Legal Impediments

(2)

Incestuous Marriage

(3)

Incentives to Marry and Reproduce

(2)

Section 2. Agreement and Marital Affection

The Requirement of Agreement

(2)

A Freedwoman's Agreement

(2)

Not Standing on Ceremony

(2)

What the Neighbors Know

(2)

Marital Affection

(2)

A Wife or a Concubine?

(3)

Section 3: Ceremony?

An Archaic Wedding Ceremony

(2)

Leading a Bride into the Home

(2)

The Significance of Ceremony

(2)

Cohabitation and Marriage

(2)

The Man Who Died beside the Tiber

(3)

Part B. Further Aspects of the Marriage Process

Section 1. Betrothal

Arranging a Betrothal

(2)

Agreement to Betrothal

(1)

Betrothal and Marriage

(2)

An Affront to the Fiancee

(1)

Jilting Your Intended

(1)

Section 2. Dowry

Marriage, Dowry, and Public Policy

(3)

Giving the Dowry

(3)

The Bride Gets Cold Feet

(1)

The Duty to Provide a Dowry

(2)

Appropriate Dowries

(2)

The ``Dowered'' Wife

(1)

The Burdens of Marriage

(1)

Appraising the Dowry

(4)

Part C. The Marital Regime

Section 1. Manus Marriage

Filiae Loco

(2)

The Wife's Property

(2)

Acquisitions by a Wife in Manus

(1)

Can a Wife in Manus Divorce?

(2)

Section 2. Relations between Spouses

Free Marriage: The Principle of Noninterference

(1)

Sharing Status

(2)

Showing Reverence

(1)

An Affront to a Spouse

100

(1)

No Infamy

101

(3)

Section 3. Procreation and Sexual Fidelity

An Unknown Son

104

(1)

Notice of Pregnancy

105

(3)

Protecting the Unborn Child

108

(1)

Custody of Children

109

(1)

Adultery and Marriage

110

(2)

Killing the Adulterer...

112

(2)

...But Not His Own Wife

114

(2)

Pandering

116

(2)

The Necessity of Divorce

118

(2)

A Double Standard?

120

(2)

Section 4. The Property of the Spouses

Separate Estates

122

(2)

Managing His Wife's Property

124

(1)

What the Woman Brings with Her

125

(2)

Q. Mucius's Presumption

127

(1)

Maintenance

128

(2)

No Gifts

130

(3)

A Fake Sale

133

(1)

Making Clothes

134

(1)

Exceptions

135

(2)

Severan Reforms

137

(3)

Section 5. Administering the Dowry

Equitable Ownership?

140

(3)

Fruits and Capital Gains

143

(2)

A Dowry Allowance to the Wife

145

(2)

Tying the Dowry to the Wife's Maintenance

147

(2)

Diligence

149

(2)

Necessary Expenses

151

(2)

Statutory Limits on a Husband's Power

153

(3)

Part D. The End of Marriage

Section 1. Captivity, Deportation, and Divorce

Captured

156

(2)

A Daughter Is Deported

158

(2)

Free Divorce

160

(1)

Divorce by Remarriage?

161

(2)

The Mental Element

163

(1)

Formal Requirements?

164

(3)

Free-Form Divorce

167

(2)

Amicable Divorce

169

(1)

Section 2. Return of the Dowry

A Wife Dies

170

(3)

Divorce and the Dowry

173

(1)

Retention on Moral Grounds

174

(3)

Retaining Necessary Expenses

177

(2)

Reducing the Dowry by Law

179

(2)

Useful Expenses

181

(2)

Opening a Quarry

183

(2)

Luxury Expenses

185

(1)

Gaius Gracchus and Licinia's Dowry

186

(7)

Patria Potestas

Part A. Powers

Section 1. The Power of Life and Death

The Consilium I: Almost the Entire Senate

193

(3)

The Consilium II: The Quality of Mercy

196

(3)

A Hunting Accident?

199

(3)

Disciplining a Troublesome Son

202

(2)

An Offense Related to Public Pietas

204

(1)

An Adulterous Daughter

205

(2)

Limitations on Killing a Daughter

207

(3)

A Son and the State

210

(2)

Section 2. Consent to Marriage

Who Consents

212

(2)

Compelling a Child's Consent

214

(1)

A Father's Consent

215

(3)

Impaired Consent: Madness

218

(1)

Impaired Consent: Captivity

219

(2)

Parental Consent and Public Policy

221

(1)

Divorce: The Emperor Pius Intervenes

222

(1)

A Father Changes His Mind

223

(1)

Disposition of Gifts

224

(2)

Breaking Up Is Hard to Do

226

(3)

Section 3. Custody and Maintenance

Stealing a Child

229

(1)

Mother versus Father

230

(1)

Deciding on Custody

231

(3)

Self-Custody

234

(1)

Maintenance of Relatives

235

(5)

Part B. Property and Obligations

Section 1. Acquiring for the Pater Familias

Owning and Possessing Nothing

240

(1)

Through Whom Do We Acquire?

241

(3)

Ownership and Possession

244

(2)

The Father's Knowledge

246

(2)

Acquiring a Debt

248

(3)

Section 2. Obligating the Pater Familias

The Uniqueness of the Son-in-Power

251

(2)

As Though He Were a Pater Familias

253

(1)

Suing the Son

254

(1)

The Father's Order

255

(1)

Turned to the Father's Benefit

256

(2)

Obtaining a Daughter's Dowry

258

(2)

Business Managers

260

(5)

Section 3. The Peculium

The Nature of the Fund

265

(2)

The Contents of a Peculium

267

(2)

Constituting a Peculium

269

(2)

Slave Women and Daughters

271

(1)

Acquiring Property

272

(2)

Free Administration

274

(3)

Gifts from a Peculium

277

(1)

Lending Money

278

(2)

Defending the Peculium

280

(2)

Computing the Balance

282

(3)

Deductions from the Peculium

285

(3)

The Deceitful Pater

288

(1)

Alternative Remedies

289

(1)

The Camp Peculium

290

(2)

Section 4. Liability for Wrongful Acts

Noxal Actions

292

(2)

Liability and Status

294

(1)

Defending the Son

295

(1)

Wrongs against Children-in-Power

296

(2)

Part C. Creation and Termination

Section 1. Birth

Paternal Power and Status

298

(1)

Presuming a Father

299

(1)

Periods of Gestation

300

(2)

Strange Bedfellows?

302

(1)

A Divorced Wife Takes Vengeance

303

(1)

Section 2. Adrogation and Adoption

Adrogation

304

(2)

The Adoption Process

306

(3)

Age Requirements

309

(1)

Family Ties

310

(1)

Adoption and Adrogation of Women

311

(1)

Adoption by Women

312

(1)

The Imitation of Nature

313

(2)

Section 3. Emancipation

The Decision to Emancipate

315

(2)

Study Abroad

317

(1)

Emancipated versus Freed

318

(1)

The State Intervenes

319

(4)

Succession

Part A. Intestate Succession

Section 1. Civil and Praetorian Law

Rules of the Ius Civile

323

(3)

An Unwilling Heir

326

(2)

The Praetor's Rules

328

(2)

Emancipated and Disinherited

330

(1)

A Legal Puzzler

331

(2)

The Third Praetorian Class (Unde Cognati)

333

(1)

Illegitimate Children

334

(1)

Son-in-Power as Cognate

335

(2)

Husbands and Wives

337

(2)

Section 2. The Senatusconsulta Tertullianum et Orphitianum

Mothers Inherit from Children

339

(1)

Children Inherit from Mothers

340

(1)

Disqualifications

341

(3)

Part B. Heirs and the Will

Section 1. Freedom of Testation and Substitution

The Mancipatory Will

344

(3)

Common Substitution

347

(1)

Pupillary Substitution

348

(1)

The Causa Curiana

349

(2)

Who's on First?

351

(1)

Two Wills

352

(1)

Section 2. The Sui Heredes

Privileged Heirs

353

(1)

Defective Wills

354

(2)

Name Games

356

(2)

Disinheritance as an Advantage

358

(1)

Partial Disinheritance

359

(1)

Providing for Postumi

360

(1)

Postumi and the (Un)married Man

361

(2)

Subfecundity

363

(2)

Twins

365

(2)

Section 3. Bonorum Possessio against the Terms of a Will

The Challenge of the Emancipatus

367

(2)

Adopted Children

369

(2)

Passing Over Sui Heredes

371

(2)

The Son of an Adopted Child

373

(2)

Adopting a Son as a Grandson

375

(1)

Adopting a Grandson as a Son

376

(1)

Section 4. The Undutiful Will

Complaints about the Will

377

(1)

Duty and Sanity

378

(1)

Evil Stepmothers

379

(2)

A Mother's Mistake

381

(2)

Multiple Claims

383

(1)

Procedural Alternatives

384

(3)

Part C. Bequests to Nonheirs

Section 1. Legacies

The Lex Falcidia

387

(2)

Legacy of a Dowry

389

(1)

Legacy in Place of a Dowry

390

(2)

Generic Legacies

392

(2)

Things Acquired for a Wife

394

(3)

Legacy of a Unsufruct

397

(3)

Legacy of a Peculium

400

(2)

Release from Liability

402

(2)

Section 2. Fideicommissa

Inheritance by Another Name?

404

(2)

Fideicommissum or Not?

406

(2)

The Gargilian Farm

408

(2)

Legacy and Fideicommissum

410

(2)

Bad Blood

412

(1)

Section 3. Gifts Mortis Causa

Motives and Reasons

413

(3)

Just Like a Legacy

416

(9)

Appendix: A Specimen Roman Will

418

(7)

Tutelage and the Status of Children and Women

Part A. Children, Young Adults, Lunatics, and Spendthrifts

Section 1. The Tutelage of Children

Defining Tutelage

425

(1)

Appointing a Tutor

426

(2)

The Tutor as Owner

428

(2)

Authorization

430

(2)

Welfare of the Child

432

(2)

Pitfalls of Tutelage

434

(3)

Liability for Alienating Property

437

(1)

Section 2. Curatorship of Young Adults

Making Whole: Restitutio in Integrum

438

(3)

The Appointment of a Curator

441

(2)

Paying a Debt

443

(2)

Section 3. Curatorship of Lunatics and Prodigals

Parting Lunatics and Prodigals from Their Property

445

(2)

A Worried Mother

447

(3)

Part B. The Status of Women

Section 1. The Permanent Tutelage of Women

The Weaker Sex?

450

(3)

The Tutor's Authorization

453

(1)

Escaping a Tutor

454

(1)

Women's Wills

455

(2)

Section 2. Women's Public Position

Where the Boys Are

457

(3)

Order in the Court

460

(1)

Male Jobs

461

(2)

Ignorance of the Law

463

(1)

The Credit of Women

464

(3)

Protecting Women in Financial Matters

467

(1)

Sexual Harassment

468

(3)

Appendix: Biographies of the Major Roman Jurists

471

(8)

Glossary of Technical Terms

479

(10)

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A Casebook on Roman Family Law

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials