Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence:

Written by a senior industry expert with nearly 40 years of hands-on experience, Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence: Theories and Practical Applications presents a thorough review of advances, challenges, and recommendations for improving photoluminescent (PL) and cathodoluminescent (CL) phosphor display devices in terms of energy efficiency, image quality, color fidelity, operational lifetime, and production cost.This book traces the development of cathode ray tubes (CRTs), PL and CL phosphor screens, and fluorescent lamps (FL) into modern phosphor display devices. The author relates luminescence phenomena and color to chemical composition, excitation mechanisms, energy conversion efficiencies, and bulk properties of phosphor particles. He also addresses image quality issues such as flickering, smearing, whitening, and contrast. Subsequent chapters focus on powder deposition techniques and the production of phosphor powders themselves. The text describes the necessary raw materials, flux materials, and growth conditions for producing ZnS powders. It provides a quantitative analysis on optimal processes and parameters for ensuring higher quality color and screen resolution.Offering a detailed guide for next-generation scientists and engineers in the field, Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence describes current technologies and promising developments for producing higher quality, energy-efficient, and long-lasting phosphor CR and flat CL screen displays.

Preface	p. vii
Author	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Luminescent Properties Generated in Phosphor Particles	p. 7
Excitation Mechanisms of Luminescence Centers	p. 7
Transition Probability of Luminescent Centers	p. 11
Short Range, Rather than Long Range, Perfection for Phosphors	p. 14
Number of Luminescence Centers Involved in the Measurement of Luminescence Intensities	p. 18
Optimal Particle Sizes for Practical Phosphors	p. 24
Stability of Luminescence Centers in Phosphor Particles	p. 29
Voltage Dependence Curve of CL Intensities	p. 30
Energy Conversion Efficiencies of CL Phosphors	p. 37
Improved Luminance from the Phosphor Screen in Display Devices	p. 41
Improvements in the Screen Luminance of Color CRTs	p. 41
Correlation between Screen Luminance and Spot Luminance	p. 43
Image Luminance on Screens Perceived by the Human Eye	p. 45
Lifetime of CL Phosphor Screens in CRTs	p. 46
Coloration of Phosphor Screens by Residual Gases	p. 46
Decrease in CL Intensity during Operation	p. 50
The Lifetime of Oxide Cathodes	p. 51
The Lifetime of PL Devices	p. 52
Flat CL Displays	p. 52
Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD)	p. 53
Horizontal Address Vertical Deflection (HAVD)	p. 56
Modulation Deflection Screen (MDS)	p. 57
Field Emission Display (FED)	p. 58
Improving the Image Quality of Phosphor Screens in CL Displays	p. 63
Threshold Resolution Power of the Human Eye	p. 63
Survey of the Origin of Flickers	p. 64
Powdered Screens Rather than Thin-Film Screens	p. 67
Electric Properties of Bulk of CL Phosphor Particles in Screens	p. 69
Optical Properties of Bulk Phosphor Particles	p. 76
The Screening of Phosphor Powders on Faceplates	p. 81
The Ideal Phosphor Screen	p. 82
Practical Problems in Drying the Unwedged Phosphor Screen	p. 84
Optimal Thickness of Phosphor Screens in CL Devices	p. 85
Particle Size for High Resolution of Monochrome CL Images	p. 87
Photolithography on Ideal Phosphor Screens	p. 90
Practical Phosphor Screens	p. 94
Color Phosphor Screens in Current Screening Facilities	p. 94
Monochrome Phosphor Screens	p. 101
The Production of Phosphor Powders	p. 103
Required Purity of Raw Materials for Phosphor Production	p. 105
Source of Oxygen Contamination	p. 105
Eradication of Oxygen from Heating Mixture	p. 106
Identification of Flux Material for Growth of ZnS Particles	p. 111
Growth of ZnS Particles in a Crucible	p. 113
Sealing Conditions of Crucibles	p. 115
Sealing of Pores by Melted Materials	p. 116
Control of Pore Size in the Heating Mixture	p. 118
Growth of Plate Particles	p. 119
The Size and Shape of Crucibles	p. 119
Heating Program of Furnace for ZnS Phosphor Production	p. 120
Removal of By-Products from Produced ZnS Phosphor Powders	p. 122
Production of Practical ZnS Phosphor Powders	p. 126
The ZnS:Ag:Cl Blue Phosphor	p. 126
ZnS:Ag:Al Blue Phosphor	p. 128
The ZnS:Cu:Al Green Phosphor	p. 130
Production of Y[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]S Phosphor Powders	p. 130
The Design of Screenable Phosphor Powders for Cathodoluminescent Devices	p. 139
Conclusion	p. 143
References	p. 147
Index	p. 151
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence: Theories and Practical Applications

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