CCNA Routing and Switching Complete

Cisco has announced big changes to its certification program.

As of February 24, 2020, all current certifications will be retired, and Cisco will begin offering new certification programs.

The good news is if you’re working toward any current CCNA certification, keep going. You have until February 24, 2020 to complete your current CCNA. If you already have CCENT/ICND1 certification and would like to earn CCNA, you have until February 23, 2020 to complete your CCNA certification in the current program.  Likewise, if you’re thinking of completing the current CCENT/ICND1, ICND2, or CCNA Routing and Switching certification, you can still complete them between now and February 23, 2020. 

CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide, 2^nd Edition is your comprehensive review for the CCNA exams. Written by the leading authority on networking technology, this guide covers 100% of all objectives for the latest ICND1, ICND2, and CCNA Composite exams. Hands-on labs help you gain experience in critical procedures and practices. Gain access to the Sybex online learning environment, featuring a robust set of study tools including: practice questions, flashcards, video instruction, and an extensive glossary of terms to help you better prepare for exam day. The pre-assessment test helps you prioritize your study time, and bonus practice exams allow you to test your understanding.

The CCNA certification is essential to a career in networking, and the exam can be taken in two parts or as a composite. Whichever you choose, this book is your essential guide for complete review.

• Master IP data network operation
• Troubleshoot issues and keep the network secure
• Understand switching and routing technologies
• Work with IPv4 and IPv6 addressing

Full coverage and expert insight makes CCNA Routing and Switching Complete Study Guide your ultimate companion for CCNA prep.

Todd Lammle, Cisco certified in almost every category, is the authority on Cisco networking and certification. His three decades of real-world experience is prevalent in his writing. He is an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest bounded and unbounded networks in the world at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular and bestselling CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide and Cisco Firepower NGIPS. Todd runs an international training company from Texas, and a large scale consulting business out of Colorado. You can reach Todd through his forum and blog at www.lammle.com/ccna.

Introduction xxv

Assessment Test l

Part I ICND1 1

Chapter 1 Internetworking 3

Internetworking Basics 4

Internetworking Models 13

The OSI Reference Model 15

Summary 31

Exam Essentials 31

Written Labs 32

Domains 34

Review Questions 36

Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41

Ethernet Networks in Review 42

Ethernet Cabling 59

Data Encapsulation 66

The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model 69

Summary 72

Exam Essentials 73

Written Labs 74

Review Questions 79

Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP 85

Introducing TCP/IP 86

TCP/IP and the DoD Model 87

IP Addressing 116

IPv4 Address Types 123

Summary 127

Exam Essentials 127

Written Labs 129

Review Questions 131

Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting 135

Subnetting Basics 136

Summary 166

Exam Essentials 166

Written Labs 167

Review Questions 170

Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 175

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 176

Summarization 186

Troubleshooting IP Addressing 189

Summary 196

Exam Essentials 197

Written Lab 5 198

Review Questions 199

Chapter 6 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 205

The IOS User Interface 206

Command-Line Interface (CLI) 209

Administrative Configurations 218

Router and Switch Interfaces 231

Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations 240

Summary 255

Exam Essentials 256

Written Lab 6: IOS Understanding 259

Hands-on Labs 259

Review Questions 267

Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 273

The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch 274

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration 276

Configuring DHCP 280

Syslog 283

Network Time Protocol (NTP) 288

Exploring Connected Devices Using CDP and LLDP 289

Using Telnet 298

Resolving Hostnames 302

Checking Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting 306

Summary 311

Exam Essentials 311

Written Labs 7 313

Hands-on Labs 314

Review Questions 319

Chapter 8 Managing Cisco Devices 323

Managing the Configuration Register 324

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS 331

Summary 348

Exam Essentials 348

Written Lab 8 349

Hands-on Labs 350

Review Questions 352

Chapter 9 IP Routing 357

Routing Basics 359

The IP Routing Process 361

Configuring IP Routing 372

Configuring IP Routing in Our Network 381

Dynamic Routing 390

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 392

Summary 399

Exam Essentials 399

Written Lab 9 400

Hands-on Labs 401

Review Questions 405

Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching 411

Switching Services 412

Configuring Catalyst Switches 422

Summary 433

Exam Essentials 433

Written Lab 10 434

Hands-on Labs 434

Review Questions 438

Chapter 11 VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing 443

VLAN Basics 444

Identifying VLANs 449

Routing between VLANs 454

Configuring VLANs 456

Summary 472

Exam Essentials 472

Written Lab 11 473

Hands-on Labs 473

Review Questions 477

Chapter 12 Security 483

Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers 484

Introduction to Access Lists 485

Standard Access Lists 489

Extended Access Lists 497

Monitoring Access Lists 508

Summary 510

Exam Essentials 511

Written Lab 12 511

Hands-on Labs 512

Review Questions 517

Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT) 521

When Do We Use NAT? 522

Types of Network Address Translation 524

NAT Names 524

How NAT Works 525

Testing and Troubleshooting NAT 529

Summary 535

Exam Essentials 535

Written Lab 13 535

Hands-on Labs 536

Review Questions 542

Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 547

Why Do We Need IPv6? 549

The Benefits and Uses of IPv6 549

IPv6 Addressing and Expressions 551

How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork 555

IPv6 Routing Protocols 565

Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork 566

Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork 569

Summary 572

Exam Essentials 573

Written Labs 14 573

Hands-on Labs 574

Review Questions 577

Part II ICND2 581

Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies 583

VLAN Review 584

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 593

Configuring VTP 597

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 602

Types of Spanning-tree Protocols 610

Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID 618

Spanning-Tree Failure Consequences 623

PortFast and BPDU Guard 625

EtherChannel 629

Summary 634

Exam Essentials 635

Written Lab 15 635

Hands-on Labs 636

Review Questions 643

Chapter 16 Network Device Management and Security 649

Mitigating Threats at the Access Layer 650

External Authentication Options 653

SNMP 655

Client Redundancy Issues 659

Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs) 661

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 662

Summary 675

Exam Essentials 675

Written Lab 16 676

Review Questions 677

Chapter 17 Enhanced IGRP 681

EIGRP Features and Operations 682

Configuring EIGRP 690

Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP 709

EIGRPv6 727

Summary 732

Exam Essentials 733

Written Lab 17 733

Hands-on Labs 734

Review Questions 737

Chapter 18 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 745

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics 746

Configuring OSPF 753

OSPF and Loopback Interfaces 762

Verifying OSPF Configuration 765

Summary 771

Exam Essentials 771

Written Lab 18 772

Hands-on Labs 772

Review Questions 776

Chapter 19 Multi-Area OSPF 783

OSPF Scalability 784

Categories of Multi-area Components 786

Basic Multi-area Configuration 793

Verifying and Troubleshooting Multi-area OSPF Networks 796

Troubleshooting OSPF Scenario 804

OSPFv3 814

Summary 819

Exam Essentials 819

Written Lab 19 820

Hands-on Labs 820

Review Questions 826

Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 831

Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity 832

Troubleshooting IPv6 Network Connectivity 850

Troubleshooting VLAN Connectivity 862

Summary 874

Exam Essentials 875

Written Lab 20 875

Review Questions 877

Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks 881

Introduction to Wide Area Networks 882

Cabling the Serial Wide Area Network 894

High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 896

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 898

Virtual Private Networks 913

GRE Tunnels 919

Single-Homed EBGP 925

Summary 934

Exam Essentials 934

Written Lab 21 935

Hands-on Labs 935

Review Questions 941

Chapter 22 Evolution of Intelligent Networks 947

Switch Stacking 948

Cloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network 950

Overview of Network Programmability in Enterprise Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 954

Cisco APIC-EM 957

Cisco Intelligent WAN 960

Quality of Service 962

Trust Boundary 964

QoS Mechanisms 965

Summary 971

Exam Essentials 971

Written Lab 22 971

Review Questions 973

Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 977

Chapter 1: Internetworking 978

Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 980

Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 983

Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 984

Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 986

Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 986

Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 987

Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices 988

Chapter 9: IP Routing 988

Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 989

Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 989

Chapter 12: Security 990

Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 991

Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 991

Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies 992

Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security 993

Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP 993

Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 994

Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF 994

Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 995

Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 995

Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks 996

Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 997

Chapter 1: Internetworking 998

Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 1000

Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 1002

Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 1003

Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 1005

Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 1007

Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 1009

Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices 1010

Chapter 9: IP Routing 1012

Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 1013

Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 1015

Chapter 12: Security 1017

Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 1019

Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 1020

Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies 1022

Chapter 16: Network Device Management and Security 1024

Chapter 17: Enhanced IGRP 1025

Chapter 18: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 1027

Chapter 19: Multi-Area OSPF 1029

Chapter 20: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 1031

Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 1032

Chapter 22: Evolution of Intelligent Networks 1033

Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services 1037

Blocking SNMP Packets 1038

Disabling Echo 1038

Turning off BootP and Auto-Config 1039

Disabling the HTTP Interface 1040

Disabling IP Source Routing 1040

Disabling Proxy ARP 1040

Disabling Redirect Messages 1040

Disabling the Generation of ICMP Unreachable Messages 1041

Disabling Multicast Route Caching 1041

Disabling the Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) 1041

Turning Off the X.25 PAD Service 1042

Enabling the Nagle TCP Congestion Algorithm 1042

Logging Every Event 1042

Disabling Cisco Discovery Protocol 1043

Disabling the Default Forwarded UDP Protocols 1043

Cisco’s auto secure 1044

Index 1047

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