CdTe and Related Compounds; Physics, Defects, Hetero- and Nano-structures, Crystal Growth, Surfaces and Applications

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ISBN: 9780080965130 | 008096513X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/14/2009

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This book covers all of the main topics associated with CdTe (cadmium telluride) which is an "old" semiconductor, but still quite topical, from the physics to the applications.

List of contributors	p. ix
Foreword	p. xi
Crystal Growth and Surfaces	p. 1
Technology: Purification of the Cadmium and Tellurium Elements	p. 4
Introduction	p. 4
Extraction and Initial Refining	p. 5
Final Refining	p. 9
Concluding Remarks	p. 16
CdTe and CdZnTe Growth	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Phase Equilibria in the Cd-Te System	p. 19
Crystal Growth versus Cd-Te Chemical Bond Characteristics	p. 23
Synthesis	p. 27
Container	p. 35
Crystal Growth	p. 36
Bridgman Growth Modeling and Interface Shape Determination	p. 49
CZT Properties	p. 56
Purity, Contamination, and Doping	p. 64
Typical Structural and Electronic Properties of CdTe and CZT Crystals	p. 65
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 65
Crystal Growth of CdTe/CdZnTe in Microgravity	p. 76
Introduction: Crystal Growth Under Microgravity	p. 76
Growth from the Vapour Phase	p. 77
Growth by THM with a Rotating Magnetic Field	p. 79
Bridgman Growth Using Dewetting Phenomenon	p. 80
Summary and Outlook	p. 82
Heteroepitaxial Growth of CdTe Thin Films	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Overview of Deposition Methods	p. 90
Substrate Effects on Cdte Heteroepitaxy	p. 99
Outline and Conclusions	p. 113
Chemical Treatment of the CdTe and Zn_xCd_1-x Te Surfaces	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Bromine and Iodine Containing Etchant Compositions	p. 121
Etchant Compositions Based on Nitric Acid	p. 124
Etchant Compositions Based on Cr(VI) Compounds	p. 126
Etchant Compositions Based on H₂O₂	p. 127
Halogen-Evolving Etchant Compositions	p. 127
Influence of Doping on Chemical Etching	p. 129
Influence of Crystallographic Orientation on Chemical Etching	p. 133
Chemical Etching of Zn_xCd_1-x Te Solid Solutions	p. 135
Nanodimensional Formation on CdTe and Zn_1-xCd_x Te Surfaces at Chemical Etching	p. 137
Conclusion	p. 139
Applications	p. 145
Photorefractive CdTe	p. 148
Introduction	p. 148
The Photorefractive Properties	p. 149
Experimental Results	p. 153
Applications	p. 178
Conclusion	p. 183
Acknowledgements	p. 184
Cadmium Telluride-Based Solar Cells	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
State of the Art	p. 189
Device Properties	p. 189
Fabrication of Cells	p. 196
Manufacture of CdS/CdTe Modules	p. 206
Degradation Mechanisms	p. 207
Use of CdS/CdTe Modules in Large-Scale Power Generation	p. 208
Concluding Remarks	p. 210
Applications of CdTe, CdZnTe, and CdMnTe Radiation Detectors	p. 214
Introduction	p. 214
National Security and Nonproliferation Inspections	p. 215
Medical Imaging	p. 217
Space and Astrophysics	p. 228
Nature and Development of CMT Detectors	p. 233
Summary and Future Work	p. 236
Acknowledgments	p. 237
Electro-optic Modulator Applications	p. 239
Introduction	p. 239
Practical Configurations	p. 240
Issues and Limitations	p. 241
Successful and Contemplated Deployments	p. 245
Optical Detectors Based on CdTe Pure Crystals for High-Efficiency Optical Computers	p. 248
Introduction	p. 248
Processors for Digital Optical Computers Based on n-p(TI)M Nanostructures of CdTe	p. 250
Processors for Analog Optical Computers of Incoherent Light on n-p(TI)M Nanostructures on CdTe	p. 252
Optoelectronic Image Correlator of Incoherent Light Based on Analog Optical Processors	p. 254
Conclusion	p. 255
Author index	p. 257
Subject index	p. 277
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CdTe and Related Compounds; Physics, Defects, Hetero- and Nano-structures, Crystal Growth, Surfaces and Applications

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials