The Challenges of Transition

A detailed political, economic, and social analysis of Romania in recent years, this book examines reasons for the failure of both political revolution and internal transition.

FOREWORD

vii

(6)

INTRODUCTION

xiii

1. Adjusment to post-communism

xiv

(8)

2. The two transitions

xxii

I. THE FAILURE OF INFERNAL TRANSITION

31

(28)

1. Optimism of disaster

33

(22)

The Economic Crisis

36

(4)

The Minority That Gets Rich and the Majority That Gets Impoverished

40

(5)

The Confusion of "Entering Europe"

45

(6)

The Absence of Governance

51

(4)

2. The Need for Action

55

(4)

II. THE REVOLUTION

59

(40)

1. Reconsideration of the Revolution

61

(5)

A Challenged Revolution

61

(1)

Changing the Future

62

(1)

The Revolution without Enemies

63

(3)

2. The Power System of the Communist Society

66

(10)

The Administrative Bureaucracy and the Political Bureaucracy

66

(3)

Challenging the Power: Coming into Being of Industrial Technocracy

69

(3)

The End of the "Golden Era"

72

(4)

3. The Preparation of the Revolution

76

(7)

The Ideology of the Revolution

77

(3)

Decomposition of Communist Party

80

(3)

4. The Hopes of the Revolution

83

(16)

The Victorious Revolution

83

(2)

The Expectations

85

(4)

The Spontaneous Transition

89

(5)

The Critical Point of Transition

94

(5)

III. THE FAILURE OF THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION

99

(60)

1. The Power System of the Revolution

101

(14)

The Improvised Leadership

102

(2)

The Administration of the Power and Romania's Salvation

104

(4)

The Decomposition of the Power System of the Revolution

108

(5)

The End of Politics

113

(2)

2. Post-revolution Romania's Power System

115

(30)

The Naked Emperor

115

(8)

A Government That Does not Govern

123

(7)

The Power of the Administration and the Administration of the Power

130

(10)

The Population or the Lack of Power

140

(5)

3. The Failure of the Political Transition

145

(14)

Power without Democracy

145

(4)

The Power without Politics

149

(10)

IV. THE ORIGINAL PARTIES - THE OPPOSITION

159

(50)

1. The Stage of "Original Democracy"

161

(14)

The Illusion of the "National Consensus"

163

(7)

The Formation of the Idea of Political Elite

170

(5)

2. The Stage of "Original Parties"

175

(34)

The Political Parties and the Democracy

176

(4)

The "Historic" Parties

180

(5)

The Restoration, as a Political Identity of the Opposition

185

(4)

The Problem of Monarchy

189

(9)

The Originality of the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania

198

(11)

V. THE ORIGINAL PARTIES - THE RULERS

209

(38)

1. The Glory and Decline of the NSF

212

(17)

The NSF Problems

212

(6)

The Iliescu-Roman Conflict

218

(2)

"A Future for Romania" Group

220

(3)

The Dissolution of NSF and the Ascent of DNSF

223

(6)

2. The Allies

229

(10)

The Socialist Labor Party

229

(4)

The Greater Romania Party and the Romanian National Unity Party

233

(6)

3. The Political Parties' Administrative Basis

239

(8)

VI. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOCRACY'S WAY TO POWER

247

(40)

1. Pushing the Humanist Elite Aside

253

(8)

The Humanist Intelligentsia's Criticism of the Transition

255

(3)

The Defeat

258

(3)

2. The Working Class' Battle for Power

261

(26)

The Trade Unions' Offensive

262

(4)

The Working Class and the Power

266

(5)

The Annihilation of the Union Leaders

271

(4)

The Trade Unions and Politics: the Miners' Riot in June

275

(4)

The Union Leaders and Politics: the Miners' Riot in September

279

(8)

VII. THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOCRACY'S FRATRICIDAL WAR

287

(54)

1. The Combatants

289

(23)

The Enterprise Technocracy

290

(7)

The Financial Technocracy or the Market Economy without Industrial Capitalism

297

(11)

The "Merchants"

308

(4)

2. The Victory

312

(29)

The Financial Technocracy's Offensive

314

(14)

The Enterprise Technocracy in Power

328

(13)

INDEX

341

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The Challenges of Transition

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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