Chemical Principles
, by Zumdahl,Steven S.
- ISBN: 9780618946907 | 061894690X
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 12/3/2007
Known for helping students develop the qualitative, conceptual foundation that gets them thinking like chemists, this market-leading text is designed for students with solid mathematical preparation and prior exposure to chemistry. The unique organization of the text supports this qualitative-to-quantitative approach. A strong emphasis on models and everyday applications of chemistry combines with a thoughtful, step-by-step problem solving approach to build conceptual understanding.
| Chemists and Chemistry | |
| Thinking Like a Chemist | |
| A Real-World Chemistry Problem | |
| The Scientific Method | |
| Industrial Chemistry | |
| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Real-World Chemistry | |
| Atoms, Molecules, and Ions | |
| The Early History of Chemistry | |
| Fundamental Chemical Laws | |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | |
| Cannizzaro's Interpretation | |
| Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom | |
| The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction | |
| Molecules and Ions | |
| An Introduction to the Periodic Table | |
| Naming Simple Compounds | |
| Stoichiometry | |
| Atomic Masses | |
| The Mole | |
| Molar Mass | |
| Percent Composition of Compounds | |
| Determining the Formula of a Compound | |
| Chemical Equations | |
| Balancing Chemical Equations | |
| Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products | |
| Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant | |
| Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry | |
| Water, the Common Solvent | |
| The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes | |
| The Composition of Solutions | |
| Types of Chemical Reactions | |
| Precipitation Reactions | |
| Describing Reactions in Solution | |
| Selective Precipitation | |
| Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions | |
| Acid-Base Reactions | |
| Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
| Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations | |
| Simple Oxidation-Reduction Titrations | |
| Gases | |
| Early Experiments | |
| The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro | |
| The Ideal Gas Law | |
| Gas Stoichiometry | |
| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | |
| The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases | |
| Effusion and Diffusion | |
| Collisions of Gas Particles with the Container Walls | |
| Intermolecular Collisions | |
| Real Gases | |
| Characteristics of Several Real Gases | |
| Chemistry in the Atmosphere | |
| Chemical Equilibrium | |
| The Equilibrium Condition | |
| The Equilibrium Constant | |
| Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures | |
| The Concept of Activity | |
| Heterogeneous Equilibria | |
| Applications of the Equilibrium Constant | |
| Solving Equilibrium Problems | |
| Le Ch?telier's Principle | |
| Equilibria Involving Real Gases | |
| Acids and Bases | |
| The Nature of Acids and Bases | |
| Acid Strength | |
| The pH Scale | |
| Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions | |
| Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions | |
| Bases | |
| Polyprotic Acids | |
| Acid-Base Properties of Salts | |
| Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration | |
| Strong Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration | |
| Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary | |
| Applications of Aqueous Equilibria | |
| Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion | |
| Buffered Solutions | |
| Exact Treatment of Buffered Solutions | |
| Buffer Capacity | |
| Titrations and pH Curves | |
| Acid-Base Indicators | |
| Titration of Polyprotic Acids | |
| Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product | |
| Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis | |
| Complex Ion Equilibria | |
| Energy, Enthalpy, and Thermochemistry | |
| The Nature of Energy | |
| Enthalpy | |
| Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases | |
| Calorimetry | |
| Hess's Law | |
| Standard Enthalpies of Formation | |
| Present Sources of Energy | |
| New Energy Sources | |
| Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy | |
| Spontaneous Processes and Entropy | |
| The Isothermal Expansion and Compression of an Ideal Gas | |
| The Definition of Entropy | |
| Entropy and Physical Changes | |
| Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
| The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity | |
| Free Energy | |
| Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions | |
| Free Energy and Chemical Reactions | |
| The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure | |
| Free Energy and Equilibrium | |
| Free Energy and Work | |
| Reversible and Irreversible Processes: A Summary | |
| Adiabatic Processes | |
| Electrochemistry | |
| Galvanic Cells | |
| Standard Reduction Potentials | |
| Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy | |
| Dependence of the Cell Potential on Concentration | |
| Batteries | |
| Corrosion | |
| Electrolysis | |
| Commercial Electrolytic Processes | |
| Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory | |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | |
| The Nature of Matter | |
| The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen | |
| The Bohr Model | |
| The Quantum Mechanical Description of the Atom | |
| The Particle in a Box | |
| The Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom | |
| The Physical Meaning of a Wave Function | |
| The Characteristics of Hydrogen Orbitals | |
| Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle | |
| Polyelectronic Atoms | |
| The History of the Periodic Table | |
| The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table | |
| Further Development of the Polyelectronic Model | |
| Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties | |
| The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals | |
| Bonding: General Concepts | |
| Types of Chemical Bonds | |
| Electronegativity | |
| Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments | |
| Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes | |
| Formation of Binary Ionic Compounds | |
| Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds | |
| The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model | |
| Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions | |
| The Localized Electron Bonding Model | |
| Lewis Structure | |
| Resonance | |
| Exceptions to the Octet Rule | |
| Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model | |
| Covalent Bonding: Orbitals | |
| Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model | |
| The Molecular Orbital Model | |
| Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
| Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules | |
| Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models | |
| Orbitals: Human Inventions | |
| Molecular Spectroscopy: An Introduction | |
| Electronic Spectroscopy | |
| Vibrational Spectroscopy | |
| Rotational Spectroscopy | |
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
| Chemical Kinetics | |
| Reaction Rates | |
| Rate Laws: An Introduction | |
| Determining the Form of the Rate Law | |
| The Integrated Rate Law | |
| Rate Laws: A Summary | |
| Reaction Mechanisms | |
| The Steady-State Approximation | |
| A Model for Chemical Kinetics | |
| Catalysis | |
| Liquids and Solids | |
| Intermolecular Forces | |
| The Liquid State | |
| An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids | |
| Structure and Bonding in Metals | |
| Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids | |
| Molecular Solids | |
| Ionic Solids | |
| Structures of Actual Ionic Solids | |
| Lattice Defects | |
| Vapor Pressure and Changes of State | |
| Phase Diagrams | |
| Nanotechnology | |
| Properties of Solutions | |
| Solution Composition | |
| The Thermodynamics of Solution Formation | |
| Factors Affecting Solubility | |
| The Vapor Pressures of Solutions | |
| Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression | |
| Osmotic Pressure | |
| Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions | |
| Colloids | |
| The Representative Elements | |
| A Survey of the Representative Elements | |
| The Group 1A Elements | |
| The Chemistry of Hydrogen | |
| The Group 2A Elements | |
| The Group 3A Elements | |
| The Group 4A Elements | |
| The Group 5A Elements | |
| The Chemistry of Nitrogen | |
| The Chemistry of Phosphorus | |
| The Group 6A Elements | |
| The Chemistry of Oxygen | |
| The Chemistry of Sulfur | |
| The Group 7A Elements | |
| The Group 8A Elements | |
| Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry | |
| The Transition Metals: A Survey | |
| The First-Row Transition Metals | |
| Coordination Compounds | |
| Isomerism | |
| Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model | |
| The Crystal Field Model | |
| The Molecular Orbital Model | |
| The Biological Importance of Coordination Complexes | |
| The Nucleus: A Chemist's View | |
| Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay | |
| The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay | |
| Nuclear Transformations | |
| Detection and Uses of Radioactivity | |
| Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus | |
| Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion | |
| Effects of Radiation | |
| Organic and Biochemical Molecules | |
| Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons | |
| Alkenes and Alkynes | |
| Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
| Hydrocarbon Derivatives | |
| Polymers | |
| Natural Polymers Appendix | |
| Mathematical Procedures | |
| Exponential Notation | |
| Logarithms | |
| Graphing Functions | |
| Solving Quadratic Equations | |
| Uncertainties in Measurements | |
| Significant Figures Appendix | |
| Units of Measurement and Conversions Among Units | |
| Measurements | |
| Unit Conversions Appendix | |
| Spectral Analysis Appendix | |
| Selected Thermodynamic Data Appendix | |
| Equilibrium Constants and Reduction Potentials | |
| Glossary | |
| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
| Photo Credits | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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